Modern Plastics Handbook 2011 Part 13 pptx

Electrical properties Physical characteristics Volume Maximum Approximate resistivity, Dielectric continuous Sward hardness ⍀-cm strength, Dielectric Dissipation service temp- Adhesion (higher number Abrasion Coating type (ASTM D 257) V/mil constant factor erature, °F to metals Flexibility is harder) resistance Acrylic 10 14 –10 15 450–550 2.7–3.5 0.02–0.06 180 Good Good 12–24 Fair Alkyd 10 14 300–350 4.5–5.0 0.003–0.06 200 Excellent Fair to good 3–13 (air dry) Fair 250 TS Low temperature—poor 10–24 (bake) Cellulosic (nitrate butyrate) 250–400 3.2–6.2 180 Good Good 10–15 Low temperature—poor Chlorinated polyether (Penton*) 10 15 400 3.0 0.01 250 Excellent Good Epoxy-amine cure 10 14 at 30°C 400–550 3.5–5.0 0.02–0.03 at 30°C 350 Excellent Fair to good 26–36 Good to excellent 10 10 at 105°C Low temperature—poor Epoxy-anhydride, dicy 650–730 3.4–3.8 0.01–0.03 400 Excellent Good to excellent 20 Good to excellent Low temperature—poor Epoxy-polyamide 10 14 at 30°C 400–500 2.5–3.0 0.008–0.02 350 Excellent Good to excellent 20 Fair to good 10 10 at 105°C Low temperature—poor Epoxy-phenolic 10 12 –10 13 300–450 400 Excellent Good Good to excellent Low temperature—fair Fluorocarbon TFE 10 18 430 2.0–2.1 0.0002 500 Can be excellent; primers required Excellent FEP 10 18 480 2.1 0.0003–0.0007 400 CTFE 10 18 500–600 2.3–2.8 0.003–0.004 400 Can be excellent; primers required Excellent Parylene (polyxylylenes) 10 16 –10 17 700 2.6–3.1 0.0002–0.02 240°F (air) Good Good 510°F (inert atmo- sphere) Phenolics 10 9 –10 12 100–300 4–8 0.005–0.5 350 Excellent Poor to good 30–38 Fair Low temperature—poor 10.14 TABLE 10.6 Properties of Coatings by Polymer Type 0267146_Ch10_Harper 2/24/00 4:43 PM Page 10.14 Phenolic-oil varnish 250 Excellent Good Poor to fair Low temperature—fair Phenoxy 10 13 –10 14 500 3.7–4.0 0.001 180 Excellent Excellent Polyamide (nylon) 10 13 –10 15 400–500 2.8–3.6 0.01–0.1 225–250 Excellent Polyester 10 12 –10 14 500 3.3–8.1 0.008–0.04 200 Good on rough surfaces; Fair to excellent 25–30 Good poor to polished metals Chlorosulfonated 6–10 0.03–0.07 250 Good Elastomeric Less than 10 (polyethylene Hypalon)† 400 Polyimide 10 16 –10 18 3000 (10 mil) 3.4–3.8 0.003 500 Good Fair to excellent Good Polystyrene 10 10 –10 19 500–700 2.4–2.6 0.0001–0.0005 140–180 Poor to fair Polyurethane 10 12 –10 13 450–500 6.8 (1 kHz) 0.02–0.08 250 Often poor to metals Good to excellent 10–17 (castor oil) 3800 (1 mil) 4.4 (1 MHz) (excellent to most Low temperature—poor 50–60 (polyester) nonmetals) Silicone 10 14 –10 16 550 3.0–4.2 0.001–0.008 500 Varies, but usually needs Excellent 12–16 Fair to primer for good adhesion Low temperature—excellent excellent Vinyl chloride (poly-) 10 11 –10 15 300–800 3–9 0.04–0.14 150 Excellent, if so formulated Excellent 5–10 Low temperature—fair to good Vinyl chloride 10 9 –10 16 400 2.3–9 0.10–0.15 150 Requires adhesive primer Excellent 3–6 (plastisol, organisol) Low temperature—fair to good Vinyl fluoride 10 13 –10 14 260 6.4–8.4 0.05–0.15 300 Excellent, if fused Excellent 1200 (8 mil) on surface Low temperature—excellent Vinyl formal (Formvar‡) 10 13 –10 15 850–1000 3.7 0.007–0.2 200 Excellent *Trademark of Hercules Powder Co., Inc., Wilmington, Del. †Trademark of E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Wilmington, Del. ‡Trademark of Monsanto Co., St. Louis, Mo. 10.15 0267146_Ch10_Harper 2/24/00 4:43 PM Page 10.15 Electrical properties Physical characteristics Volume Maximum Approximate resistivity, Dielectric continuous Sward hardness ⍀-cm strength, Dielectric Dissipation service temp- Adhesion (higher number Abrasion Coating type (ASTM D 257) V/mil constant factor erature, °F to metals Flexibility is harder) resistance TABLE 10.6 Properties of Coatings by Polymer Type (Continued) Resistance to environmental effects Moisture and Resistance Film formation Chemical and humidity to micro- Flamma- Method Cure Application Coating type solvent resistance resistance Weatherability organisms bility Repairability of cure schedule method Typical uses Acrylic Good Excellent Good Medium Remove with Solvent Air dry or low- Spray, Coatings for circuit boards. resistance to solvent evaporation temperature bake brush, dip Quick dry protection UV and for markings and weather color coding. Alkyd Solvents—poor Poor Good to Poor Medium Poor Oxidation Air dry or Most common Painting of metal Alkalies—poor excellent or heat baking types methods parts and hardware. Dilute acids— poor to fair Cellulosic Solvents—good Fair Poor to good High Remove Solvent Air dry or low- Spray, dip Lacquers for decoration (nitrate Alkalies—good with solvents evaporation temperature bake and protection. Hot-metal butyrate) Acids—good coatings. Chlorinate Good Low Powder or High-temperature Spray, dip, Chemically resistant polyether dispersion fusion fluid bed coatings. (Penton*) fuses Epoxy- Solvents—good to Good Pigmented— Good Medium No Cured by Air dry to Spray, dip, Coatings for circuit boards. amine cure excellent fair; clear—poor catalyst medium bake fluid bed Corrosion-protective Alkalies—good (chalks) reaction coatings for metals. Dilute acids—fair Epoxy- Solvents—good Good Good Medium No Cured by High bakes Spray, dip, fluid High-bake, high-temperature- anhydride, Alkalies— chemical 300 to 400°F bed, impregnate resistant dielectric and Dicy Dilute acids— reaction corrosion coatings. Epoxy- Solvents—fair Good Good Medium No Cured by Air dry or Spray, dip Coatings for polyamide Alkalies—good coreactant medium bake circuit boards. Dilute acids—poor Filleting coating. Epoxy- Solvents—excellent Excellent Pigmented— Good Medium No Cured by High bakes Spray, dip High-bake solvent phenolic Alkalies—fair fair; clear—poor coreactant 300 to 400°F and chemical Dilute acids—good resistant coating. Fluorocarbon Solvents—excellent Excellent Good None No Fusion from Approximately Spray, dip High-temperature TFE Alkalies—good water or 750°F resistant insulation for Dilute acids— solvent wiring. excellent dispersion FEP Excellent Good None No Fusion from 500–600°F Spray, dip High-temperature-resistant CTFE water or insulation. Extrudable. solvent dispersion Parylene Excellent None Vapor phase deposition and Very thin, pinhole-free (polyxylylenes) polymerization requiring special coatings, possible license from Union Carbide. semiconductable coating. Phenolics Solvents— Excellent Fair Poor to good Medium No Cured by heat Bake 350–500°F Spray, dip High-bake chemical and good to excellent solvent-resistant coatings. Alkalies—poor Dilute acids—good to excellent 10.16 TABLE 10.6 Properties of Coatings by Polymer Type (Continued) 0267146_Ch10_Harper 2/24/00 4:43 PM Page 10.16 Phenolic-oil varnish Solvents—poor Good Good Poor, Medium Poor Oxidation Spray, brush, dip- Impregnation of electronic Alkalies—poor unless or heat impregnate modules, quick protective Dilute acids—good toxic— coating. to excellent additive Phenoxy Good Good Cured by heat Chemical resistant coating. Polyamide (nylon) Fair Fairly Wire coating. solderable Polyester Solvents—poor Fair Very good Good Medium Poor Cured by heat Air dry or bake Spray, brush, dip Alkalies— or catalyst 100–250°F poor to fair Dilute acids—good Chlorosul- Good Good Low Solvent Air dry or low- Spray, brush Moisture and fungus fonated evaporation temperature bake proofing of materials. polyethylene (Hypalon†) Polyimide Solvents—excellent Good Good Good Low Poor Cured by heat High bake Dip, impregnate, Very high temperature Alkalies—poor to wire coater resistant with insulation. fair Dilute acids—good Polystyrene Good Good High Dissolve Solvent Spray, dip Coil coating, low with solvents evaporation Air dry or low bake dielectric constant, low loss in radar uses. Polyurethane Solvents—good Good Poor to good Medium Excellent; melts, Coreactant or Air dry to Spray, brush, dip Conformal coating of Dilute alkalies—fair solder-through moisture cure medium bake circuitry, solderable Dilute acids—good properties wire insulation. Silicone Solvents—poor Excellent Excellent Good Very low Fair to excellent. Cured by heat Air dry (RTV) Spray, brush, dip Heat-resistant coating for Alkalies—good (except Cut and peel or catalyst to high bakes electronic circuitry. (dilute) poor in O 2 Good moisture resistance. (concentrated) atmosphere) Dilute acids—good Vinyl chloride (poly-) Solvents—alcohol, Good Pigmented— Poor to good Very low Dissolve Solvent Air dry or elevated Spray, dip, Wire insulation. Metal good fair to good (depends on with solvents evaporation temperature roller coat protection (especially Alkalies—good Clear—poor plasticizer) for speed magnesium, aluminum). Vinyl chloride Good Poor to good Low Poor Fusion of Bake 250–350°F Spray, dip, Soft-to-hard thick coatings, (plastisol, (depends on liquid to gel reverse roll electroplating racks, organisol) plasticizer) equipment. Vinyl fluoride Good Excellent Good Very low Poor Fusion from Bake 400–500°F Spray, roller coat Coatings for circuitry. solvent Long-life exterior finish. dispersion Vinyl formal Good Good Medium Poor Cured by heat Bake 300–500°F Roller coat, Wire insulation (Form-var‡) wire coater (thin coatings) coil impregnation. *Trademark of Hercules Powder Co., Inc., Wilmington, Del. †Trademark of E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Wilmington, Del. ‡Trademark of Monsanto Co., St. Louis, Mo. SOURCE: This table has been reprinted from Machine Design, May 25, 1967. Copyright, 1967, by The Penton Publishing Company, Cleveland, Ohio. 10.17 0267146_Ch10_Harper 2/24/00 4:43 PM Page 10.17 Resistance to environmental effects Moisture and Resistance Film formation Chemical and humidity to micro- Flamma- Method Cure Application Coating type solvent resistance resistance Weatherability organisms bility Repairability of cure schedule method Typical uses TABLE 10.6 Properties of Coatings by Polymer Type (Continued) ties of the generic resin, can be greatly disappointed. Instead, selections must be made on the basis of performance data for specific coatings or finish systems. Performance data are generated by the paint and prod- uct manufacturing industries when conducting standard paint evalua- tion tests. Test methods for coating material evaluation are listed in Table 10.7. 10.4.4 Selection by electrical properties Electrical properties of organic coatings vary by resin (also referred to as polymer) type. When selecting insulating varnishes, insulating enamels, and magnet wire enamels, the electrical properties and phys- ical properties determine the choice. Table 10.8 shows electric strengths, Table 10.9 shows volume resis- tivities, Table 10.10 shows dielectric constants, and Table 10.11 shows dissipation factors for coatings using most of the available resins. Magnet wire insulation is an important use for organic coatings. National Electrical Manufacturer’s Association (NEMA) standards and manufacturers’ trade names for various wire enamels are shown in Table 10.12. This information can be used to guide the selection of coatings. However, it is important to remember the aforementioned warnings about blends of various resins and the effects on perfor- mance properties. 10.5 Coating Materials Since it is the resin in the coating’s vehicle that determines its perfor- mance properties, coatings can be classified by their resin types. The most widely used resins for manufacturing modern coatings are acrylics, alkyds, epoxies, polyesters, polyurethanes, and vinyls. 3 In the following section, the resins used in coatings are described. 10.5.1 Common coating resins Acrylics. Acrylics are noted for color and gloss retention in outdoor exposure. Acrylics are supplied as solvent-containing, high-solids, waterborne, and powder coatings. They are formulated as lacquers, enamels, and emulsions. Lacquers and baking enamels are used as automotive and appliance finishes. Both these industries use acrylics as topcoats for multicoat finish systems. Thermosetting acrylics have replaced alkyds in applications requiring greater mar resistance such as appliance finishes. Acrylic lacquers are brittle and therefore have poor impact resistance, but their outstanding weather resistance allowed them to replace nitrocellulose lacquers in automotive finishes 10.18 Chapter Ten 0267146_Ch10_Harper 2/24/00 4:43 PM Page 10.18 TABLE 10.7 Specific Test Methods for Coatings Federal STD. MIL-STD- Federal STD. Test ASTM 141a, method 202, method 406, method Others Abrasion D 968 6191 (Falling Sand) 1091 Fed. Std. 601, 14111 6192 (Taber) Adhesion 6301.1 (Tape Test, Wet) 1111 Fed. Std. 601, 8031 6302.1 (Microknife) D 2197 6303.1 (Scratch Adhesion) 6304.1 (Knife Test) Arc resistance D 495 303 4011 Dielectric constant D 150 301 4021 Fed. Std. 101, 303 Dielectric strength D 149 4031 Fed. Std. 601, 13311 (breakdown voltage) D 115 Dissipation factor D 150 4021 Drying time D 1640 4061.1 D 115 Electrical insulation D 229 302 4041 MIL-W-81044, 4.7.5.2 resistance D 257 Exposure (exterior) D 1014 6160 (On Metals) 6161.1 (Outdoor Rack) Flash point D 56, D 92 4291 (Tag Closed Cup) Fed. Std. 810, 509 D 1310 4294 (Cleveland Open Cup) (Tag Open Cup) Flexibility D1737 6221 (Mandrel) 1031 Fed. Std. 601, 11041 D522 6222 (Conical Mandrel) 10.19 0267146_Ch10_Harper 2/24/00 4:43 PM Page 10.19 TABLE 10.7 Specific Test Methods for Coatings (Continued) Federal STD. MIL-STD- Federal STD. Test ASTM 141a, method 202, method 406, method Others Fungus resistance D 1924 MIL-E-5272, 4.8 MIL-STD-810, 508.1 MIL-T-5422, 4.8 Hardness D3363 6211 (Print Hardness) D 1474 6212 (Indentation) Heat resistance D 115 D 1932 6051 Humidity D 2247 6071 (100% RH) 103 MIL-E-5272, Proc. 1 6201 (Continuous 106A Fed. Std. 810, 507 Condensation) Impact resistance D2794 6226 (G. E. Impact) 1074 Moisture-vapor E 96 permeability D 1653 6171 7032 Nonvolatile content 4044 Salt spray (fog) B 117 6061 101C 6071 MIL-STD-810, 509.1 MIL-E-5272, 4.6 Fed. Std. 151, 811.1 Fed. Std. 810, 509 Temperature-altitude MIL-E-5272, 4.14 MIL-T-5422, 4.1 MIL-STD-810, 504.1 Thermal conductivity D 1674 MIL-I-16923, 4.6.9 (Cenco Fitch) C 177 (Guarded Hot Plate) 10.20 0267146_Ch10_Harper 2/24/00 4:43 PM Page 10.20 Thermal shock 107 MIL-E-5272, 4.3 MIL-STD-810, 503.1 Thickness (dry film) D 1005 6181 (Magnetic Gage) 2111, 2121, Fed. Std. 151, 520, 521.1 D 1186 6183 (Mechanical Gage) 2131, 2141, 2151 Viscosity D 1545 4271 (Gardner Tubes) D 562 4281 (Krebs-Stormer) D 1200 4282 (Ford Cup) D 88 4285 (Saybolt) 4287 (Brookfield) Weathering D 822 6151 (Open Arc) 6024 (accelerated) 6152 (Enclosed Arc) Note: A more complete compilation of test methods is found in J. J. Licari, Plastic Coatings for Electronics, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1970. The major collection of complete test methods for coatings is Physical and Chemical Examination of Paints, Varnishes, Lacquers, and Colors, by Gardner and Sward, Gardner Laboratory, Bethesda, Md. This has gone through many editions. 10.21 0267146_Ch10_Harper 2/24/00 4:43 PM Page 10.21 TABLE 10.7 Specific Test Methods for Coatings (Continued) Federal STD. MIL-STD- Federal STD. Test ASTM 141a, method 202, method 406, method Others Dielectric strength, Material V/mil Comments* Source of information Polymer coatings: Acrylics 450–550 Short-time method a 350–400 Step-by-step method a 400–530 b 1700–2500 2-mil-thick samples Columbia Technical Corporation, Humiseal Coatings Alkyds 300–350 b Chlorinated polyether 400 Short-time method a Chlorosulfonated polyethylene 500 Short-time method a Diallyl phthalate 275–450 b 450 Step-by-step method a Diallyl isophthalate 422 Step-by-step method a Depolymerized rubber (DPR) 360–380 H. V. Hardman Company, DPR Subsidiary Epoxy 650–730 Cured with anhydride–castor Autonetics, Division of North oil adduct American Rockwell Epoxy 1300 10-mil-thick dip coating Epoxies, modified 1200–2000 2-mil-thick sample Columbia Technical Corporation, Humiseal Coatings Neoprene 150–600 Short-time method a Phenolic 300–450 b Polyamide 780 106 mil thick sample Polyamide-imide 2700 Polyesters 250–400 Short-time method a 170 Step-by-step method a Polyethylene 480 b 300 60-mil-thick sample c 500 Short-time method a Polyimide 3000 Pyre-ML, 10 mils thick d 4500–5000 Pyre-ML (RC-675) e 560 Short-time method, 80 mils thick Polypropylene 750–800 Short-time method a Polystyrene 500–700 Short-time method a 400–600 Step-by-step method a 450 60-mil-thick sample c Polysulfide 250–600 Short-time method a Polyurethane 3800 1-mil-thick sample f (single component) Polyurethane 530–1010 g (two components)/castor oil cured Polyurethane 275 125-mil-thick sample Products Research & (two components, Chemical Corporation 100% solids) (PR-1538) 750 25-mil thick sample Polyurethane (single 2500 2-mil-thick sample Columbia Technical component) Corporation, Humiseal 1A27 Polyvinyl butyral 400 Polyvinyl chloride 300–1000 Short-time method 275–900 Step-by-step method b Polyvinyl formal 860–1000 Polyvinylidene fluoride 260 Short-time, 500-V/s, 1 ր 8 -in sample h 1280 Short-time, 500-V/s, 8-mil sample h 950 Step by step (1-kV steps) h Polyxylylenes: Parylene N 6000 Step by step Union Carbide Corporation 6500 Short time Union Carbide Corporation Parylene C 3700 Short time Union Carbide Corporation 1200 Step by step Union Carbide Corporation Parylene D 5500 Short time Union Carbide Corporation 4500 Step by step Union Carbide Corporation Silicone 500 Sylgard 182 Dow Corning Corporation Silicone 550–650 RTV types General Electric & Stauffer Chemical Company bulletins Silicone 800 Flexible dielectric gel Dow Corning Corporation Silicone 1500 2-mil-thick sample Columbia Technical Corporation, Humiseal 1H34 TFE fluorocarbons 400 60-mil-thick sample c 480 Short-time method a 430 Step by step a Teflon TFE dispersion coating 3000–4500 1- to 4-mil-thick sample E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company Teflon FEP dispersion coating 4000 1.5-mil-thick sample E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company TABLE 10.8 Electric Strengths of Coatings 0267146_Ch10_Harper 2/24/00 4:43 PM Page 10.22 [...]... Polyurethane (two components) Volume resistivity at 25°C, ⍀-cm 1014–1015 Ͼ1014 7.6 ϫ 1014–1.0 ϫ 1015 a 1014 1015 1014 1.3 ϫ 1 013 a 108–2.5 ϫ 1010 2 ϫ 1016 1.1–1.5 ϫ 1014 6 ϫ 1012–1 013 1 013 7.7 ϫ 1016 Ͼ1016 1016–1018 1010–Ͼ1016 Ͼ1016 2.4 ϫ 1011 5.5 ϫ 1012 2.0 ϫ 1012 4 ϫ 1 013 1 ϫ 1 013 5 ϫ 109(300°F) Polyvinyl chloride Polyvinylidene chloride Polyvinylidene fluoride Polyxylylenes (parylenes) Silicone (RTV)... Corporation Chart 651 kE B Shand, Glass Engineering Handbook, McGraw-Hill, 1958 lW D Kingery, “Oxides for High Temperature Applications,” Proceedings, International Symposium, Asilomar, Calif., October 1959, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1960 mW H Kohl, Handbook of Materials and Techniques for Vacuum Devices, Reinhold Publishing Company, New York, 1967 nModern Plastics Encyclopedia, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1968... York, 1962 c Insulation, Directory Encyclopedia Issue, no 7, June–July 1968 dC F Coombs, ed., Printed Circuits Handbook, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1967 eH Lee and K Neville, Handbook of Epoxy Resins, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1967 fJ R Learn and M P Seeger, Teflon-Pyre-M.L Wire Insulation System, 13th Symposium of Technical Progress in Communications Wire and Cable, Atlantic City, NJ, Dec 2–4, 1964 g Du Pont... Electric E I du Pont de Nemours & Company 0.003–0.006 Ͻ0.0003 a a 0.00005 0.0001 0.0003 0.0001 0. 013 0.016 0.0015–0.0019 Union Carbide Corporation h h 0.00017(1010 Hz) Design, Plastics Reference Issue, vol 38, no 14, Penton Publishing Co., 1966 Directory, Encyclopedia Issue, no 7, June–July 1968 cH Lee and K Neville, Handbook of Epoxy Resins, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1967 dK Mathes, Electrical Insulation Conference,... 155 147 85–106 38 95 196 50 172 96 200–220 113 208 122 136 9.7 44 305 290–310 360 51 70 trucks, and ships Owing to their chemical resistance and ease of decontamination from chemical, biological, and radiological warfare agents, they are widely used for painting military land vehicles, ships, and aircraft They are used on automobiles as coatings for plastic parts and as clear topcoats in the basecoat–clearcoat... Publication, mid-October 1967–1968 c W H Kohl, Handbook of Materials and Techniques for Vacuum Devices, p 586, Reinhold Publishing Corporation, New York, 1967, p 586 dJ R Learn and M P Seegers, “Teflon-Pyre-M L Wire Insulation System,” 13th Symposium on Technical Progress in Commun Wire and Cables, Atlantic City, NJ, December 2–4, 1964 e J T Milek: Polyimide Plastics: A State of the Art Report, Hughes... complex parts and to obtain uniform thickness and reproducible coverage Motor frames and housings, electronic enclosures, circuit boards, electronic modules Dip Provides thorough coverage, even on complex parts such as tubes and high-density electronic modules Viscosity and pot life of dip must be monitored Speed of withdrawal must be regulated for consistent coating thickness Small- and medium-sized parts,... Technology Press of MIT and John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1961 Dissipation Factors of Coatings Coating 0.04–0.06 0.003–0.06 0.01 0.03 0.007–0. 013 0.010 0.008 0.027 0.02–0.03 0.01 0.07(103 Hz) 0.0073–0.016 0.011 0.009 0.018 0.011 0.008 0.0085 0.004 0.006 0.0 213 0.009 0.0170 0.0084 0.0165 0.005–0.5 0.015 0.008–0.041 0.00015 0.06 0.0001–0.0005 Ͼ106 Hz 0.022 0.022–0.097 0.038–0.039 0.02 0.007 0.08–0.15... Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) PTFE, dispersion cast Fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) Polyvinyl fluoride Teslar Parylene N Parylene C Silicone (RTV 521) Methyl phenyl silicone Polyurethane (AB 0130 -002) Phenoxy Alkyd-silicone (DC -137 7) Alkyd-silicone (DC-1400) Alkyd-silicone Polyvinyl fluoride (PT-207) 1 120.78 38.31 4.33 3.5 6.47 4.45 6.16–7.9 0.7 *Trademark of Avisun Corporation, Philadelphia, Pa †Trademark... Subsidiary b Hysol Corporation, DK-4 Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing, No 5133 5.2 4.8 7.0 5.8 10 4–5 8 3.5 7.2 1.73–2.76 2.5–3.3 4–5 3–4 3.7 2.0 3.6 3 5–7.5 3.5–7.5 3.5–3.6 Union Carbide Dow Corning Corporation Dow Corning Corporation Dow Corning Corporation 3.7 7 (150°C) Dow Corning Corporation Dow Corning Corporation 4 10 11 12.5 12 13 17.8 5.4 18.0 50.0 20.2 15–20 8–11 c DuPont DuPont d a a e f g a n . 10 13 H. V. Hardman, DPR Subsidiary Diallyl phthalate 10 8 –2.5 ϫ 10 10 a Epoxy (cured with DETA) 2 ϫ 10 16 c,d Epoxy polyamide 1.1–1.5 ϫ 10 14 Phenolics 6 ϫ 10 12 –10 13 a Polyamides 10 13 Polyamide-imide. good Vinyl fluoride 10 13 –10 14 260 6.4–8.4 0.05–0.15 300 Excellent, if fused Excellent 1200 (8 mil) on surface Low temperature—excellent Vinyl formal (Formvar‡) 10 13 –10 15 850–1000 3.7 0.007–0.2. “Teflon-Pyre-M. L. Wire Insulation System,” 13th Symposium on Technical Progress in Commun. Wire and Cables, Atlantic City, NJ, December 2–4, 1964. e J. T. Milek: Polyimide Plastics: A State of the Art Report,