Modern Plastics Handbook 2011 Part 14 docx

Specimen Test conditions and Property Standard type, mm Unit supplementary instructions Rheological Properties At test conditions for temperature and load specified in Part 2 of appropriate material standards. Thermosetting materials only in parallel and normal directions. Thermoplastic materials only in parallel and normal directions. Mechanical Properties (At 23°C/50% RH, Unless Noted) Test speed 1 mm/min; between 0.05% to 0.25% strain. Test speed 50 mm/min if strain at yield or break Ͼ 10%. Test speed 50 mm/min if no yield at Ͼ 50 Strain and 5 mm/min if strain at break Յ 0%. At 1 h; Strain Ͻ 0.5% At 1000 h Test speed 2 mm/min At ϩ23°C and Ϫ30°C; edgewise impact. At ϩ23°C and Ϫ30°C; edgewise impact. At ϩ23°C; record if fracture cannot be observed with notched Charpy test. Record maximum force and energy at 50% decrease in force after the maximum; Striker velocity 4.4 m/s; striker diameter 20 mm; speci- men clamped sufficiently to prevent any out-of- plane movement; striker lubricated. Thermal Properties Record peak melting temperature; at 10°C/min. Record midpoint temperature; at 10°C/min 0.45 MPa for less rigid materials. 1.8 MPa for both soft and rigid materials. 8.0 MPa for rigid materials only. Heating rate 50°C/h. Load 50 N. Mean secant value over the temperature range 23 55°C in parallel and normal directions. Record one of the classifications V-0, V-1, V-2, HB4 HB75 or N. Record classifications 5VA, 5VB, or N. Use procedure A (top surface ignition). Electrical Properties At 100-Hz and 1-MHz frequency; compensate for electrode edge effects. Use contacting line electrodes 1 to 2 mm wide, 50 mm long, and 5 mm apart; voltage 500V. Use 20-mm-dia spherical electrodes; immerse in transformer oil in accordance with IEC 60296; Use a voltage application of 2 kV/s. Use solution A. Other Properties Saturation value in water at 23°C and equilibri- um value at 23°C/50%RH. Melt mass-flow rate Melt volume-flow rate Molding shrinkage Tensile modulus Stress at yield Strain at yield Nominal strain at break Stress at 50% strain Stress at break Strain at break Tensile creep modulus Tensile creep modulus Flexural modulus Flexural strength Charpy impact strength Charpy notched impact strength Tensile impact strength Puncture impact behavior Melting temperature Glass transition temperature Temperature of deflection under load Vicat softening temperature Coefficient of linear thermal expansion Burning behavior Oxygen Index Relative permittivity Dissipation factor Volume resistivity Surface resistivity Electric strength Comparative tracking index Water absorption Density ISO 1133 ISO 2577 ISO 294-4 ISO 527-1 and 527-2 ISO 899-1 ISO 178 ISO 179-1 or ISO 179-2 ISO 8256 ISO 6603-2 ISO 11357-3 ISO 11357-2 ISO 75-1 and 75-2 ISO 306 ISO 11359-2 ISO 1210 ISO 10351 ISO 4589-2 IEC 60250 IEC 60093 IEC 60243-1 IEC 60112 ISO 62 ISO 1183 Molding compound 60 ϫ 60 ϫ 2 (ISO 294 3 type D2) ISO 3167 ISO 3167 80 ϫ 10 ϫ 4 80 ϫ 10 ϫ 4 80 ϫ 10 ϫ 4 Machined V-notch with r ϭ 0.25 80 ϫ 10 ϫ 4 Machined double V- notch with r ϭ 1 60 ϫ 60 ϫ 2 Molding compound Molding compound 80 ϫ 10 ϫ 4 Ն10 ϫ 10 ϫ4 Prepared from ISO 3167 125 ϫ 13 ϫ 3 Additional thickness Յ150 ϫՅ150 ϫ 3 Additional thickness 80 ϫ 10 ϫ 4 Ն60 ϫՆ60 ϫ 2 Ն60 ϫՆ60 ϫ 1 and Ն60 ϫՆ60 ϫ 2 Ն15 ϫՆ15 ϫ 4 Thickness Ն1 Use part of the center of the multipurpose test specimen g/10min cm 3 /10 min % MPa MPa % % MPa MPa % MPa MPa MPa MPa kJ/m 2 kJ/m 2 °C °C °C °C °C °C 1/K % ⍀иcm ⍀ kV/mm % kg/m 3 TABLE 11.18 Test Conditions and Format for Presentation of Single-Point Data According to ISO 10350-1: 1999 0267146_Ch11_Harper 2/24/00 4:41 PM Page 25 orientation in test specimens with high reproducibility. With this approach, the end result is a reduction in variables typically associated with specimen preparation, thereby ensuring more reliable, repro- ducible, and comparable data. The specimen of choice for testing plastics with ASTM methods is often the ASTM D 638 type 1 specimen (Fig. 11.4) with dimensions of 165 ϫ 12.7 ϫ 3.2 mm. The cross-sectional areas of both specimens are nearly the same—40 mm 2 versus 40.6 mm 2 —a dif- ference of only 1.5%. However, the thickness differences between the two test specimens is significant—4 mm versus 3.2 mm—a 20% difference. Test specimen preparation. Although often overlooked, one of the most critical parameters in testing plastics is how the test specimen is pre- pared. The recommended specimen preparation conditions for some common polymer families, according to ISO material standards, are summarized in Table 11.20 and corresponding ASTM guidelines are listed in Table 11.21. A quick comparison of the two tables reveals slight differences, in some cases, in melt temperature recommenda- tions between the two approaches. More often, the recommended mold temperatures are somewhat different between the two approaches, notably in the case of polypropylene, acetal copolymer, and ABS resin. Test procedures. A detailed comparison of the specific tests recom- mended in ISO 10350-1 for the single-point data with the correspond- ing ASTM test methods is summarized in Table 11.22. Compilations of 11.26 Chapter Eleven TABLE 11.19 ISO and ASTM Material Standards for Common Polymer Families Family ISO standards* ASTM standards ABS 2580 - 1 : 99 2580 - 2 : 94 D 4673 - 98 Styrene acrylonitrile 4894 - 1 : 97 4894 - 2 : 94 D 4203 - 95 Polystyrene, crystal 1622 - 1 : 94 1622 - 2 : 94 D 4549 - 98 Polystyrene, high impact 2897 - 1 : 97 2897 - 2 : 94 D 4549 - 98 Polypropylene 1873 - 1 : 95 1873 - 2 : 97 D 4101 - 98a Polyethylene 1872 - 1 : 93 1872 - 2 : 97 D 4976 - 98 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), plasticized 2898 - 1 : 97 2898 - 2 : 97 D 2287 - 96 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), unplasticized 1163 - 1 : 95 1163 - 2 : 91 D 1784 - 97 PMMA 8257 - 1 : 98 8257 - 2 : 98 D 788 - 96 Polycarbonate 7391 - 1 : 95 7391 - 2 : 95 D 3935 - 94 Acetals 9988 - 1 : 98 FDIS 9988 - 2 : 99 D 4181 - 98 Polyamides 1874 - 1 : 96 1874 - 2 : 95 D 4066 - 98 Thermoplastic polyester 7792 - 1 : 98 7792 - 2 : 98 D 5927 - 97 Polyketone FDIS 15526 - 1 : 99 FDIS 15526 - 2 : 99 D 5990 - 96 PPE FDIS 15103 - 1 : 99 FDIS 15103 - 2 : 99 D 4349 - 96 Thermoplastic polyester elastomer 14910 - 1 : 97 14910 - 2 : 98 D 4550 - 92 *The Part 1 of each ISO material document addresses the “designatory properties.” (text continues on page 11.66) 0267146_Ch11_Harper 2/24/00 4:41 PM Page 26 Plastics Testing 11.27 l 3 l 2 b 2 l 1 b 1 r h Thickness h 4.0Ϯ0.2 mm Overall length l 3 Ն150 mm 1 Length of narrow parallel-sided portion l 1 80Ϯ2 mm Distance between broad parallel-sided portion l 2 104 to 113 mm Width at ends b 2 20.0Ϯ0.2 mm Width of narrow portion b 1 10.0Ϯ0.2 mm Radius r 20 to 25 mm 1 For some materials, the length of the tabs may need to be extended to prevent breakage or slippage in the jaws of the testing machine. Figure 11.3 ISO 3167 multipurpose test specimen. W G L T R D LO WO Thickness T 3.2Ϯ0.4 mm Length over-all LO 165 mm Length of narrow section L 57Ϯ0.5 mm Gage length G 50Ϯ0.25 mm Distance between grips D 115Ϯ5 mm Width over-all WO 19 mm (+6.4, 0) Width of narrow section W 13Ϯ0.5 mm Radius of fillet R 76 Ϯ1 mm Figure 11.4 ASTM D 638 type I specimen. 0267146_Ch11_Harper 2/24/00 4:41 PM Page 27 11.28 Chapter Eleven TABLE 11.20 Recommended Conditions for Test Specimen Preparation from Common Materials According to ISO Guidelines Average Melt Mold injection temperature, temperature, velocity, Material °C °C mm/s Reference ABS 250 60 200 ± 100 2580 - 2 : 94 SAN 240 60 200 ± 100 4894 - 2 : 94 Polystyrene (PS) 220 45 200 ± 100 1622 - 2 : 94 PS - I General purpose 220 45 200 ± 100 2897 - 2 : 94 Flame-retarded 210 45 200 ± 100 PP MFR Ͻ 1.5 g/10 min 255 40 200 ± 20 MFR Ͼ 1.5 Յ 7 g/10 min 230 40 200 ± 20 1873 - 2 : 97 MFR Ͼ 7 g/10 min 200 40 200 ± 20 Polyethylene (PE) 210 40 100 ± 20 1872 - 2 : 97 PC Unreinforced MFR Ͼ 15 g/10 min 280 80 200 ± 100 MFR Ͼ 10 Յ 15 g/10 min 290 80 200 ± 100 MFR Ͼ 5 Յ 10 g/10 min 300 80 200 ± 100 7391 - 2 : 95 MFR Յ 5 g/10 min 310 90 200 ± 100 Glass fiber reinforced 300 110 200 ± 100 Acetals Homopolymer MFR Յ 7 g/10 min 215 90 140 ± 100 MFR Ն 7 g/10 min 215 90 300 ± 100 Homopolymer, impact modified MFR Յ 7 g/10 min 215 60 140 ± 100 9988 - 2 : 99 MFR Ն 7 g/10 min 215 60 300 ± 100 Copolymer 205 90 200 ± 100 Copolymer, impact-modified 205 80 200 ± 100 Polyamide (PA)6 Unfilled, VN Յ160 mg/L 250 80 200 ± 100 Unfilled, VN Ն160–Յ200mg/L 260 80 200 ± 100 1874 - 2 : 95 Unfilled, VN Ն200–Յ240 mg/L 270 80 200 ± 100 Filled 290 80 200 ± 100 PA66 Unfilled, VN Յ200 mg/L 290 80 200 ± 100 Filled, VN Յ200 mg/L, glass Ͼ10 to Յ50% 290 80 200 ± 100 1874 - 2 : 95 Filled, VN Յ200 mg/L, glass Ͼ50 to Յ70% 300 100 200 ± 100 Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) Unfilled 260 80 200 ± 100 Unfilled, impact-modified or flame-retarded 250 80 200 ± 100 7792 - 2 : 98 Filled 260 80 200 ± 100 Filled, impact-modified and flame-retarded 250 80 200 ± 100 0267146_Ch11_Harper 2/24/00 4:41 PM Page 28 Plastics Testing 11.29 TABLE 11.21 Recommended Conditions for Test Specimen Preparation from Common Materials According to ASTM Guidelines Average Melt Mold injection temperature, temperature, velocity, Material °C °C mm/s Reference ABS: General purpose Flame-retarded High heat grade Filled SAN PS PS - I PP MFR 1.0–1.5 g/10 min MFR 1.6–2.5 g/10 min MFR 2.6–4.0 g/10 min MFR 4.1–6.5 g/10 min MFR 6.6–10.5 g/10 min MFR 10.6–17.5 g/10 min MFR 17.6–30.0 g/10 min PE PC Unfilled, MFR Ͻ 8 g/10 min Unfilled, MFR Ͼ 8 g/10 min Filled and reinforced High heat copolymer, unfilled High heat copolymer, filled/ reinforced Acetals: Homopolymer Homopolymer, modified Copolymer PA6 Unfilled Filled PA66 Unfilled Filled PBT 250 ± 5 220 ± 5 255 ± 5 255 ± 5 Molding conditions shall be as specified in practice D 3641 unless otherwise agreed by the user and the supplier. 220 ± 10 220 ± 10 250 ± 3 240 ± 3 230 ± 3 220 ± 3 210 ± 3 200 ± 3 190 ± 3 Unless otherwise specified, test specimens shall be compression- molded in accordance with procedure C of practice D 1928. 290 - 345 275 - 290 300 - 350 330 - 375 Consult manufacturer for recommended molding conditions. 215 ± 5 210 ± 5 195 ± 5 260 290 260 290 260 ± 3 55 ± 5 55 ± 5 55 ± 5 55 ± 5 50 ± 10 50 ± 10 60 ± 3 60 ± 3 60 ± 3 60 ± 3 60 ± 3 60 ± 3 60 ± 3 80 - 115 70 - 95 80 - 115 80 - 100 90 ± 10 90 ± 10 85 ± 5 80 80 80 80 80 ± 5 200 ± 100 200 ± 100 200 ± 100 200 ± 100 The injection speed is set to produce equal weight parts (that is, part weight not varying by more than ± 2% regardless of material flow rates) and to minimize sink and flash. 200 ± 100 200 ± 100 200 ± 100 200 ± 100 200 ± 100 200 ± 100 200 ± 100 200 ± 100 D 4673 - 98 D 4203 - 95 D 4549 - 98 D 4549 - 98 D 4101 - 98a D 4976 - 98 D 3935 - 94 D 4181 - 98 D 4066 - 98 D 4066 - 98 D 5927 - 97 0267146_Ch11_Harper 2/24/00 4:41 PM Page 29 TABLE 11.22 Comparison of Test Methods Between ISO 10350-1 and ASTM Approaches* Property ISO/IEC methods as specified by ISO 10350-1:99 ASTM methods Rheological Properties Melt flow rate (MFR), melt volume rate (MVR), and flow rate ratio (FRR): Standard ISO 1133:97 D 1238-98 Specimen Powder, pellets, granules, or strips of films. Powder, pellets, granules, strips of films, or molded slugs. Conditioning In accordance with the material standard, if necessary. Check the applicable material specification for any conditioning requirements before using this test. See practice D 618 for appropriate conditioning practices. Apparatus Extrusion plastometer with a steel cylinder 115 Ϫ 180 Extrusion plastometer with a steel cylinder 162 mm (L) ϫ mm (L) ϫ 9.55 ± 0.025 mm (ID), and a die with an 9.55 ± 0.008 mm (ID), and a die with an orifice of orifice of 8.000 ± 0.025 mm (L) ϫ 2.095 ± 0.005 mm (ID). 8.000 ± 0.025 mm (L) ϫ 2.0955 ± 0.0051 mm (ID). Test procedures Test temperature and test load as specified in Part 2 of Test temperature and test load as specified in the applicable the material designation standards, or as listed in material specification, or as listed D1238 Table 1. ISO 1133 Table A.2. Some examples from Table A.2: Some examples from Table 1: PC (300°C/1.2 kg) ABS (220°C/10 kg) PC (300°C/1.2 kg) ABS (230°C/10 kg) PS (200°C/5 kg) PS-HI (200°C/5 kg) PS (200°C/5 kg) PS-HI (200°C/5 kg) SAN (220°C/10 kg) PP (230°C/2.16 kg) SAN (220°C/10 kg) PP (230°C/2.16 kg) PE (190°C/2.16 kg) POM (190°C/2.16 kg) PE (190°C/2.16 kg) POM (190°C/2.16 kg) PMMA (230°C/3.8 kg) Acrylics (230°C/3.8 kg) Charge—within 1 min Charge—within 1 min Preheat—4 min Preheat—6.5 min Test time—last measurement not to exceed 25 min from charging Test time—7.0 ± 0.5 min from initial charging Procedure A—manual operation using the mass and Procedure A—manual operation using the mass and cut- cut-time intervals shown here: time intervals shown here: Melt flow range Mass Cut-time interval Melt flow range Mass Cut-time interval 0.1 to 0.5 g/10 min 3–5 g 4 min 0.15 to 1 g/10 min 2.5–3 g 6.00 min Ͼ0.5 to 1 g/10 min 4–5 g 2 min Ͼ1 to 3.5 g/10 min 3–5 g 3.00 min Ͼ1 to 3.5 g/10 min 4–5 g 1 min Ͼ3.5 to 10 g/10 min 4–8 g 1.00 min Ͼ3.5 to 10 g/10 min 6–8 g 30 s Ͼ10 to 25 g/10 min 4–8 g 30 s Ͼ10 g/10 min 6–8 g 5–15 s Ͼ25 g/10 min 4–8 g 15 s 11.30 0267146_Ch11_Harper 2/24/00 4:41 PM Page 30 Procedure B—automated time or travel indicator is used to Procedure B—MFR (MVR) is calculated from automated calculate the MFR (MVR) using the mass as specified time measurement based on specified travel distances: previously in Procedure A for the predicted MFR. Ͻ10 MFR travel distance is 6.35 ± 0.25 mm Ͼ10 MFR travel distance is 25.4 ±0.25 mm and using the mass as specified above for the predicted MFR. Values and units MFR (g/10 min) MFR (g/10 min) MVR (cm 3 /10 min) MVR (cm 3 /10 min) FRR [ratio of the MFR (190/10) by MFR (190/2.16) (used specifically for polyethylenes)]. Injection molded shrinkage: Standard ISO 294-4:97 D 955-89 (reapproved 1996) Specimen 60- ϫ 60- ϫ 2-mm plate with specified fan runner of 127- ϫ 12.7- ϫ 3.2-mm bar with an end gate of 6.4 ϫ 3.2 mm, 66 ϫ 25-30 ϫ 4.0 mm and a low tolerance gate with or for diametral shrinkage at 102-mm-dia ϫ 3.2- dimensions of 60 ϫ 4.0 ϫ 1.50 mm. (Refer to ISO mm disk with a radial gate of 12.7 ϫ 3.2 mm placed on the edge 294-3 Type D mold.) of the disk. Conditioning At 23 ± 2°C between 16 and 24 h. Materials which show At 23 ± 2°C and 50 ± 5% relative humidity for 1–2 h for “initial marked difference in mold shrinkage if stored in a humid or dry molding shrinkage” (optional), 16–24 h for “24-h shrinkage” atmosphere must be stored in dry atmosphere. (optional), and 40–48 h for “48-h or normal shrinkage.” Test procedures Mold at least five specimens, using a two-cavity ISO 294-3 type Mold at least five specimens. No mold is specified and no cavity D2 mold, equipped with cavity pressure sensor. sensor is required. Molding equipment complies with the relevant 4.2 clauses in ISO Molding in accordance with the practice D 3641 such that the 294-1 and ISO 294-3. In addition, accuracy of the cavity pressure molding equipment is operated without exceeding 50–75% of sensor must be ±5%. The machine is operated such that the ratio its rated shot capacity. of the molding volume to the screw-stroke volume is between 20–80%, when using the injection-molding conditions specified in Part 2 of the relevant material standard. Perform mold shrinkage measurements on specimens which have No cavity pressure requirements are given. been molded such that one or more of the preferred “cavity pressure at pressure at hold (pch) of 20, 40, 60, 80 and/or 100 MPa is achieved. *Information in this table is accurate as of June 1, 1999. ISO and ASTM standars have mandatory 5-y revisions; however the standards can be revised as needed. 11.31 0267146_Ch11_Harper 2/24/00 4:41 PM Page 31 TABLE 11.22 Comparison of Test Methods Between ISO 10350-1 and ASTM Approaches* Property ISO/IEC methods as specified by ISO 10350-1:99 ASTM methods Rheological Properties TABLE 11.22 Comparison of Test Methods Between ISO 10350-1 and ASTM Approaches* (Continued) Property ISO/IEC methods as specified by ISO 10350-1:99 ASTM methods Injection molded shrinkage (Continued): Allow molded specimens to cool to room temperature by placing Allow molded specimens to cool at 23 ± 2°C and 50 ± 5% relative them on a material of low thermoconductivity with an appropriate humidity. No warpage limits are specified. load to prevent warping. Any specimen that has warpage Ͼ3% of its length is discarded. Measure the length and width of the cavity and the corresponding Measure the length or diameter (both parallel and normal to the molded specimens to within 0.02 mm at 23 ± 2°C. flow) of the cavity and the corresponding molded specimens to within 0.02 mm. Temperature requirement of the mold while measuring the cavity dimensions is not specified. Values and units Molding shrinkage (16–24 h): %* Initial molding shrinkage: mm/mm (optional)* 24-h shrinkage: mm/mm (optional)* 48 h or normal shrinkage: mm/mm* *Reported as mean value of the five specimens measured. *Reported as mean value of the five specimens measured. Mechanical Properties Tensile properties: Standard ISO 527-1:93 and 527-2:93 D 638-98 Specimen ISO 3167 (type A or B*) multipurpose test specimens (Figure 11.3). For rigid/semirigid plastics: D 638 Type I specimens (Figure 11.4) are the preferred specimen and shall be used when sufficient material having a thickness of 7 mm or less is available. *Type A is recommended for directly molded specimens, so the 80- ϫ 10- ϫ 4-mm specimens required for most tests in ISO 10350-1 can be cut from the center of these specimens. Type B is recommended for machined specimens. Dimensions for ISO 3167 specimens are: Dimensions for D 638 Type I specimens are: Overall length Ͼ150 mm Overall length 165 mm Width 10 mm Width 12.7 mm Thickness 4 mm Thickness 3.2 mm Fillet radius 20–25 mm (type A) Fillet radius 76 mm or Ͼ60 mm (type B) Length of parallel narrow section 57 mm Length of parallel narrow section 80 mm (type A) or 60 mm (type B) 0267146_Ch11_Harper 2/24/00 4:41 PM Page 32 Conditioning Specimen conditioning, including any postmolding treatment, At 23 ± 2°C and 50 ± 5% relative humidity for not less than 40 h shall be carried out at 23°C ± 2°C and 50 ± 5% RH for a prior to testing in accordance with D 618 Procedure A for those minimum length of time of 88 h, except where special conditioning tests where conditioning is required. For hygroscopic materials, is required as specified by the appropriate material standard. the material specification takes precedence over the preceding routine preconditioning requirements. Test procedures A minimum of five specimens shall be prepared in accordance with A minimum of five test specimens shall be prepared by machining the relevant material standard. When none exists, or unless operations or die cutting the materials in sheet, plate, slab, or otherwise specified, specimens shall be directly compression or similar form. Specimens can also be prepared by injection or injection molded in accordance with ISO 293 or ISO 294-1. compression molding the material to be tested. Test speed for ductile failure (defined as yielding or with a strain Test speed is specified in the specification for the material being at break Ͼ10%) is 50 mm/min and for a brittle failure (defined as tested. If no speed is specified, then use the lowest speed given in rupture without yielding or strain at break Ͻ10%) is 5 mm/min. Table 1 (5, 50, or 500 mm/min) which gives rupture within 0.5 to For modulus determinations the test speed is 1 mm/min. response and resolution are adequate. Extensometers are required for determining strain at yield and Extensometers are required for determining strain at yield and tensile modulus. The specified initial gauge length is 50 mm. tensile modulus. The specified initial gauge length is 50 mm. For The extensometer shall be essentially free of inertia lag at the modulus determinations, an extensometer which meets Class B- specified speed of testing and capable of measuring the change 2 (Practice E-38) is required, for low extensions (Ͻ20%) the in gauge with an accuracy of 1% of the relevant value or better. extensometer must at least meet Class C (Practice E38) This corresponds to ±1 ␮m for the measurement of modulus requirements, for high extensions (Ͼ20%) any measurement on a gauge length of 50 mm. technique which has an error no greater than ±10% can be used. The reported tensile modulus is a chord modulus determined by Tangent modulus is determined by drawing a tangent to the drawing a straight line that connects the stress at 0.05% strain steepest initial straight line portion of the load-deflection curve and the stress at 0.25% strain. There is no requirement for toe and then dividing the difference in stress on any section of this compensation in determining a corrected zero point, if necessary. line by the corresponding difference in strain. Secant modulus is the ratio of stress to corresponding strain at any given point on the stress-strain curve, or the slope of the straight line that joins the zero point or corrected zero point and the selected point corresponding to the strain selected on the actual stress-strain curve. Toe compensation, if applicable as defined, is mandatory. 0267146_Ch11_Harper 2/24/00 4:41 PM Page 33 TABLE 11.22 Comparison of Test Methods Between ISO 10350-1 and ASTM Approaches* (Continued) [...]... results obtained using different pendulum.) 026 7146 _Ch11_Harper TABLE 11.22 Four types of failure are specified: C—complete break; specimen separates into one or more pieces H—hinge break; an incomplete break such that one part of the specimen cannot support itself above the horizontal when the other part is held vertically (less than 90° included angle) P—partial break; an incomplete break which does... supports: 64 mm apart (flatwise specimens) The contact edges of the supports and loading nose shall be rounded to a radius of 3.0 ± 0.2 mm Specimen supports shall be 100 ± 2 mm apart Page 46 Tm (Tg), midpoint temperature (°C) Tf (Tg) extrapolated onset temperature (°C) 2/24/00 4:42 PM Quench cool at a rate of at least (20° ± 1°) K/min to well below the Tg (usually 50 K below) 026 7146 _Ch11_Harper TABLE... Ͼ2.0 J Four types of failure are defined: C—complete break; specimen separates into one or more pieces H—hinge break; an incomplete break such that both parts of the specimen are only held together by a thin peripheral layer in the form of a hinge P—partial break; an incomplete break which does not meet the definition for a hinge break NB—nonbreak; in the case of the nonbreak, the specimen is only bent... rounded to a radius of 2.0 ± 0.5 mm ASTM methods 026 7146 _Ch11_Harper TABLE 11.22 Comparison of Test Methods Between ISO 10350-1 and ASTM Approaches* (Continued) 0.20% for 50.0 J pendulum 2/24/00 4:42 PM Permissible error after correction with specimen: 0.01 J for 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 J pendulums No correction applicable for pendulums with energies Ͼ 2.0 J 026 7146 _Ch11_Harper TABLE 11.22 Page 39 Four types of... Page 39 Four types of failure are defined: C—complete break; specimen separates into one or more pieces H—hinge break; an incomplete break such that both parts of the specimen are only held together by a thin peripheral layer in the form of a hinge P—partial break; an incomplete break which does meet the definition for a hinge break NB—nonbreak; in the case of the nonbreak, the specimen is only bent... shall be 20 to 23°C at the start of each test, unless previous tests have shown that, for the particular materials under test, no error is introduced by starting at other temperatures The bath temperature shall be about room temperature at the start of the test unless previous tests have shown that, for a particular material, no error is introduced by starting at a higher temperature Apply the calculated... procedures Page 52 ISO 4589-2:96, Procedure A 2/24/00 4:42 PM Standard Specimen 026 7146 _Ch11_Harper TABLE 11.22 Comparison of Test Methods Between ISO 10350-1 and ASTM Approaches* (Continued) Specimen is mounted such that the top of the specimen is at least 100 mm below the top of the chimney, and the lowest exposed part of the specimen is 100 mm above the top of the gas distribution device Specimen... rupture occurs above 50% nominal strain One can either report the strain at break or simply Ͼ50% For brittle materials: Stress at break (MPa) Strain at break (%) Chord modulus (0.5–0.25% strain) (MPa) 026 7146 _Ch11_Harper TABLE 11.22 Comparison of Test Methods Between ISO 10350-1 and ASTM Approaches* (Continued) Test procedures Flexural properties: Standard Specimen Conditioning Apparatus ISO 178:93 80 ϫ... only bent and passed through, possibly combined with stress whitening Values and units The measured values of complete and hinged breaks can be used for a common mean value with remark If in the case of partial breaks a value is required, it shall be assigned with the letter P In case of nonbreaks, no figures are to be reported (If within one sample the test specimens show different types of failures,... 12.7 mm ϫ (*) mm specimen, *The width of the specimens shall be between 3.0 and 12.7 mm as specified in the material specification, or as agreed upon as representative of the cross section in which the particular material may be used (Figure 11.8) Comparison of Test Methods Between ISO 10350-1 and ASTM Approaches* (Continued ) Property ISO/IEC methods as specified by ISO 10350-1:99 ASTM methods Notched . polyester elastomer 149 10 - 1 : 97 149 10 - 2 : 98 D 4550 - 92 *The Part 1 of each ISO material document addresses the “designatory properties.” (text continues on page 11.66) 026 7146 _Ch11_Harper. horizontal when the P—partial break; an incomplete break which does not meet the other part is held vertically (less than 90° included angle). definition for a hinge break. P—partial break; an incomplete. 200 ± 100 Filled, impact-modified and flame-retarded 250 80 200 ± 100 026 7146 _Ch11_Harper 2/24/00 4:41 PM Page 28 Plastics Testing 11.29 TABLE 11.21 Recommended Conditions for Test Specimen