PLANTS THAT FIGHT CANCER - PART 1 ppsx

[...]... the promoting effect of 12 -O-tetradecanoylphorbol -1 3 -acetate on skin tumor formation in mice initiated with 7 ,12 -dimethylbenz-[a]anthracene G Inhibition of two-stage initiation/promotion [dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)/croton oil] skin carcinogenesis in mice G The MTT [ 3-( 4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl )-2 ,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] colorimetric assay Clinical trials are studies that evaluate the effectiveness... secreting HbsAg) The human larynx (HEp-2) and lung (PC -1 3 ) carcinoma cells The mouse B16 melanoma, leukemia P-388, and L 517 8Y cells The liver-metastatic variant (L5) 7 ,12 -dimethyl benzanthracene (DMBA) induced rat mammary tumors Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC), Dalton’s lymphonia ascites (DLA) and Sarcoma -1 8 0 (S -1 8 0) cells MCA-induced soft tissue sarcomas in albino mice 12 Spiridon E Kintzios Sophisticated... development is a step-wise process in that it requires an accumulation of mutations in a Table 1. 1 Examples of genes related to cancer incidence in humans Type of gene Gene Cancer type Oncogene Oncogene Oncogene Oncogene PDGF Erb-B RET Ki-ras Oncogene Oncogene Oncogene Oncogene CDKN2 HPC1 N-ras c-myc Oncogene Oncogene Oncogene Oncogene Tumor suppressor gene Tumor suppressor gene N-myc Bcl -1 MDM2 BCR-ABL p53 RB... Alternatively, animal systems bearing certain types of cancer have been used For example, materials entering the NCI drug discovery program from 19 60 to 19 82 were first tested using the L1 210 and P-388 mouse leukemia models Most of the drugs discovered during that period, and currently What do we know about cancer and its therapy? 11 available for cancer therapy, are effective predominantly against rapidly... fastest growing tissues such as tumors Plants and cancer 19 2.4 Chemical groups of natural products with anticancer properties Plant-derived natural products with documented anticancer/antitumor properties can be classified into the following 14 chemical groups: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Aldehydes Alkaloids Annonaceous acetogenins Flavonoids Glycosides Lignans Lipids Lipids (unsaponified) Nucleic... methods for determining cellular growth and viability in primary screens include: G Suppression of 12 -O-tetradecanoylphorbol -1 3 -acetate (TPA)-stimulated 32 Pi-incorporation into phospholipids of cultured cells G Epstein–Barr virus activation G Suppression of the tumor-promoting activity induced by 7 ,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) plus TPA, (calmodulin involved systems) G Production of TNF, possibly... What do we know about cancer and its therapy? 5 healthy tissues or organs (such as lymph nodes) and the inability to remove metastasized cancer cells or tumors not visible to the surgeons In addition, surgery can activate further proliferation of “latent” small tumors, the so-called “pet-cancers” (Koehnlechner, 19 87) Radiation (X-rays, gamma rays) of a cancerous tumor, thus causing cancer cell death or... are cancers of connective tissues, gliomas are cancers of the nonneuronal brain cells and carcinomas (the most common cancer forms) originate in epithelial cells In the following box, a classification of major cancer diseases is given according to the currently estimated five-year survival rate of the affected patient Cancers with less than 20% five-year survival rate (at all stages) 1 2 Lung cancer. .. treatment on 17 women with advanced breast cancer that had not responded to other treatments The patients took 24 shark cartilage capsules a day for three months, but the disease still progressed in 15 and one developed cancer of the brain The Danish results support earlier research that found powdered shark cartilage did not prevent tumor growth in 60 patients with an advanced cancer 1. 3.3 Other advanced... Other advanced therapies Advanced cancer therapies also include the use of tissue-specific cytotoxic agents For example, novel mutagenic cytotoxins (interleukin 13 – IL13) have been developed against brain tumors, which do not interact with receptors of the normal tissue but only with brain gliomas (Beljanski and Beljanski, 19 82; Beljanski et al., 19 93) 1. 3.4 Alternative cancer treatments These include . candidate anticancer drug 10 1. 4 .1. Preclinical tests 10 1. 4.2. Phases of clinical trials 13 1. 4.3. Clinical trial protocols 13 2 Plants and cancer 15 2. The plant kingdom: nature’s pharmacy for cancer. Classification of cancer types 3 1. 3. Therapy 4 1. 3 .1. Conventional cancer treatments 4 1. 3.2. Advanced cancer treatments 6 1. 3.3. Other advanced therapies 9 1. 3.4. Alternative cancer treatments 9 1. 4. From. Kuo-Hsiung Lee ISBN 0-4 1 5-2 983 7-7 (hardback) Mistletoe The genus Viscum Edited by Arndt Bussing ISBN 9 0-5 82 3-0 9 2-9 (hardback) Hypericum The genus Hypericum Edited by Edzard Ernst ISBN 0-4 1 5-3 6954-I