[...]... 310 Contents 11 .4 .13 .5 11 .4 .13 .6 11 .4 .13 .7 11 .4 .13 .8 11 .4 .13 .9 11 .4 .13 .10 11 .4 .13 .11 11 .4 .13 .12 11 .4 .13 .13 11 .4 .13 .14 11 .4 .13 .15 11 .4 .13 .16 11 .4 .13 .17 11 .4 .13 .18 11 .4 .13 .19 11 .5 11 .5 .1 11. 5.2 11 .5.3 11 .5.4 11 .6 11 .6 .1 11. 6.2 11 .6.3 11 .6.3 .1 11. 6.3.2 11 .6.3.3 11 .6.3.4 11 .6.4 11 .6.5 11 .6.5 .1 11. 6.5.2 11 .6.5.3 11 .6.5.4 11 .6.5.5 11 .6.5.6 11 .6.5.7 11 .6.5.8 11 .6.5.9 11 .6.5 .10 11 .6.5 .11 11 .6.5 .12 11 .6.5 .13 ... Contents 11 .3 .1 11. 3 .1. 1 11 .3 .1. 2 11 .3 .1. 3 11 .3 .1. 4 11 .3 .1. 5 11 .4 11 .4 .1 11. 4 .1. 1 11 .4 .1. 2 11 .4.2 11 .4.3 11 .4.4 11 .4.4 .1 11. 4.5 11 .4.5 .1 11. 4.5.2 11 .4.5.3 11 .4.5.4 11 .4.5.5 11 .4.6 11 .4.6 .1 11. 4.6.2 11 .4.6.3 11 .4.6.4 11 .4.7 11 .4.7 .1 11. 4.7.2 11 .4.7.3 11 .4.7.4 11 .4.8 11 .4.8 .1 11. 4.8.2 11 .4.9 11 .4 .10 11 .4 .11 11 .4 .12 11 .4 .13 11 .4 .13 .1 11. 4 .13 .2 11 .4 .13 .3 11 .4 .13 .4 Elements of a Hydraulic System 276 Pumps and. .. 15 .1. 9.2 15 .1. 9.3 15 .1. 10 15 .1. 10 .1 15 .1. 10.2 15 .1. 10.3 15 .1. 10.4 15 .1. 10.5 15 .1. 11 15 .1. 12 15 .1. 12 .1 15 .1. 12.2 15 .1. 12.3 15 .1. 12.4 15 .1. 12.5 15 .1. 12.6 15 .1. 12.7 15 .1. 12.8 15 .1. 12.9 15 .1. 12 .10 15 .1. 12 .11 15 .1. 12 .12 15 .1. 12 .13 Friction and Lubrication in the Different Areas of a Deep Drawing Operation 527 Significance of Lubrication Dependent upon Sheet Metal Thickness, Drawn -part Size and the Efficiency... 726 18 .18 .10 Corrosion-preventive Characteristics 727 18 .18 .10 .1 Rust Test 727 18 .18 .10 .2 EMCOR Test 727 18 .18 .10 .3 Copper Corrosion 727 18 .19 List of Equivalent Standardized Methods for Testing Lubricants 728 18 .3 .1 18.3.2 18 .4 18 .5 18 .6 18 .7 18 .7 .1 18.7.2 18 .7.3 18 .8 18 .9 18 .10 18 .11 18 .12 18 .13 18 .14 18 .15 18 .16 18 .17 18 .18 18 .18 .1 18 .18 .2 18 .18 .3 18 .18 .4 18 .18 .4 .1 18 .18 .4.2 18 .18 .5 18 .18 .6 18 .18 .6 .1. .. 18 .18 .6 .1 18 .18 .6.2 18 .18 .7 18 .18 .8 18 .18 .8 .1 18 .18 .8.2 18 .18 .9 Contents 736 19 Mechanical–Dynamic Test Methods for Lubricants Thorsten Bartels 19 .1 19.2 19 .2 .1 19.2.2 19 .2.3 19 .2.3 .1 19.2.3.2 19 .2.3.3 19 .2.3.4 19 .2.4 19 .2.5 19 .2.5 .1 19.2.5.2 19 .2.5.3 19 .2.6 19 .2.7 19 .3 19 .3 .1 19.3 .1. 1 19 .3 .1. 2 19 .3 .1. 3 19 .3 .1. 4 19 .3 .1. 5 19 .3 .1. 6 19 .3 .1. 7 19 .4 19 .4 .1 19.4.2 19 .5 19 .5 .1 19.5.2 19 .5.3 19 .5.3 .1 19.5.3.2 19 .6... 15 .1. 1 15 .1. 2 15 .1. 2 .1 15 .1. 2.2 15 .1. 2.3 15 .1. 2.4 15 .1. 2.5 15 .1. 2.6 15 .1. 2.7 15 .1. 3 Efficiency of Deformation, Resistance to Forming, Surface Pressure Strain Rate 526 Anisotropy, Texture, R value 526 Deep drawing 527 526 XXIII XXIV Contents 15 .1. 3 .1 15 .1. 3.2 15 .1. 3.3 15 .1. 4 15 .1. 5 15 .1. 5 .1 15 .1. 5.2 15 .1. 6 15 .1. 6 .1 15 .1. 6.2 15 .1. 7 15 .1. 8 15 .1. 8 .1 15 .1. 8.2 15 .1. 8.3 15 .1. 8.4 15 .1. 9 15 .1. 9 .1 15 .1. 9.2 15 .1. 9.3... 15 .2 .1. 1 15 .2 .1. 2 15 .2 .1. 3 15 .2 .1. 4 15 .2 .1. 5 15 .2 .1. 6 15 .2 .1. 7 15 .2 .1. 8 15 .2 .1. 9 15 .2 .1. 10 15 .2.2 15 .2.2 .1 15.2.2.2 15 .2.2.3 15 .2.2.4 15 .2.2.5 15 .2.2.6 15 .2.2.7 15 .2.2.8 15 .2.3 15 .2.3 .1 15.2.3.2 15 .2.3.3 15 .2.3.4 15 .2.3.5 15 .2.3.6 15 .2.3.7 15 .2.4 15 .2.4 .1 15.2.4.2 15 .2.5 15 .2.5 .1 15.2.5.2 15 .2.5.3 15 .2.6 15 .2.6 .1 15.2.6.2 15 .2.7 15 .2.7 .1 15.2.7.2 15 .2.7.3 15 .2.8 Friction and Lubrication, Tools, and Machines... Cutting Conditions 3 91 XIX XX Contents 14 .2 14 .2 .1 14.2.2 14 .2.3 14 .2.4 14 .2.5 14 .2.6 14 .2.6 .1 14.2.6.2 14 .2.6.3 14 .3 14 .3 .1 14.3.2 14 .3.2 .1 14.3.2.2 14 .3.2.3 14 .3.2.4 14 .3.2.5 14 .3.2.6 14 .3.2.7 14 .3.2.8 14 .3.2.9 14 .3.3 14 .3.4 14 .3.4 .1 14.3.4.2 14 .3.4.3 14 .3.4.4 14 .3.4.5 14 .3.4.6 14 .3.5 14 .3.5 .1 14.3.5.2 14 .3.5.3 14 .3.5.4 14 .3.6 14 .3.6 .1 14.3.6.2 14 .3.6.3 14 .3.7 14 .3.7 .1 14.3.7.2 Friction and Wear Assessment... Selection of Lubricant 645 16 Lubricating Greases 648 Wilfried Dresel and Rolf-Peter Heckler 16 .1 16 .1. 1 16 .1. 2 16 .1. 3 16 .1. 4 16 .1. 5 16 .2 16 .2 .1 16.2 .1. 1 16 .2 .1. 2 16 .2 .1. 3 16 .2 .1. 4 16 .2 .1. 5 16 .2 .1. 6 16 .2 .1. 7 16 .2 .1. 8 16 .2.2 16 .2.2 .1 16.2.2.2 16 .2.2.3 16 .2.2.4 16 .2.2.5 16 .2.3 16 .2.4 16 .2.4 .1 16.2.4.2 16 .2.5 16 .2.5 .1 16.2.5.2 16 .2.6 16 .2.7 Introduction 648 Definition 648 History 648 Advantages over Lubricating... Lubrication 713 17 .1. 2.3 17 .1. 3 17 .1. 4 17 .2 17 .2 .1 17.2 .1. 1 17 .2 .1. 2 17 .2.2 17 .2.3 17 .2.4 17 .2.5 17 .2.6 17 .2.7 17 .2.8 17 .2.9 17 .3 17 .3 .1 17.3 .1. 1 17 .3.2 17 .3.3 17 .3.4 17 .3.5 17 .4 17 .4 .1 17.4.2 17 .4.3 17 .4.4 17 .4.5 18 Laboratory Methods for Testing Lubricants Siegfried Noll and Roman Müller 18 .1 18.2 18 .3 Introduction 715 Density 715 Viscosity 716 715 XXIX XXX Contents Capillary Viscometers 716 Rotary Viscometers . 316 11 .4 .13 .11 Water Content (Karl Fischer method) 316 11 .4 .13 .12 Aging Stability (Baader method) 316 11 .4 .13 .13 Aging Stability (TOST test) 317 11 .4 .13 .14 Neutralization Number 317 11 .4 .13 .15 . Compressibility 310 XVIIContents 11 .4 .13 .5 Gas Solubility, Cavitation 312 11 .4 .13 .6 Air Release 314 11 .4 .13 .7 Foaming 314 11 .4 .13 .8 Demulsification 315 11 .4 .13 .9 Pour-point 315 11 .4 .13 .10 Copper Corrosion. (Maple Leaf) 16 0 7 .10 .6 Other Eco-labels 16 2 7 .10 .6 .1 Austria 16 2 7 .10 .6.2 France 16 2 7 .10 .6.3 Japan 16 3 7 .10 .6.4 USA 16 3 7 .10 .6.5 The Netherlands 16 3 7 .11 Base Fluids 16 4 7 .11 .1 Biodegradable