TRIBOLOGY - LUBRICANTS AND LUBRICATION Part 1 docx

TRIBOLOGY - LUBRICANTS AND LUBRICATION Edited by Chang-Hung Kuo Tribology - Lubricants and Lubrication Edited by Chang-Hung Kuo Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2011 InTech All chapters are Open Access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Non Commercial Share Alike Attribution 3.0 license, which permits to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt the work in any medium, so long as the original work is properly cited. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published articles. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Iva Simcic Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer Jan Hyrat Image Copyright Sergej Khakimullin, 2011. Used under license from Shutterstock.com First published September, 2011 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Tribology - Lubricants and Lubrication, Edited by Chang-Hung Kuo p. cm. ISBN 978-953-307-371-2 Contents Preface IX Part 1 Hydrodynamic Lubrication 1 Chapter 1 Theory of Tribo-Systems 3 Xie You-Bai Chapter 2 Tribological Aspects of Rolling Bearing Failures 33 Jürgen Gegner Chapter 3 Methodology of Calculation of Dynamics and Hydromechanical Characteristics of Heavy-Loaded Tribounits, Lubricated with Structurally-Non-Uniform and Non-Newtonian Fluids 95 Juri Rozhdestvenskiy, Elena Zadorozhnaya, Konstantin Gavrilov Igor Levanov, Igor Mukhortov and Nadezhda Khozenyuk Chapter 4 The Bearing Friction of Compound Planetary Gears in the Early Stage Design for Cost Saving and Efficiency 119 Attila Csobán Chapter 5 Three-Dimensional Stress-Strain State of a Pipe with Corrosion Damage Under Complex Loading 139 S. Sherbakov Part 2 Lubrication Tests and Biodegradable Lubricants 173 Chapter 6 Experimental Evaluation on Lubricity of RBD Palm Olein Using Fourball Tribotester 175 Tiong Chiong Ing, Mohammed Rafiq Abdul Kadir, Nor Azwadi Che Sidik and Syahrullail Samion Chapter 7 Biodegradable Lubricants and Their Production Via Chemical Catalysis 185 José André Cavalcanti da Silva VI Contents Chapter 8 Lubricating Greases Based on Fatty By-Products and Jojoba Constituents 201 Refaat A. El-Adly and Enas A. Ismail Chapter 9 Characterization of Lubricant on Ophthalmic Lenses 223 Nobuyuki Tadokoro Chapter 10 Lubricating Oil Additives 249 Nehal S. Ahmed and Amal M. Nassar Part 3 Solid Lubricants and Coatings 269 Chapter 11 Tribological Behaviour of Solid Lubricants in Hydrogen Environment 271 Thomas Gradt Chapter 12 Alternative Cr+6-Free Coatings Sliding Against NBR Elastomer 287 Beatriz Fernandez-Diaz, Raquel Bayón and Amaya Igartua Chapter 13 The New Methods for Scuffing and Pitting Investigation of Coated Materials for Heavy Loaded, Lubricated Elements 305 Remigiusz Michalczewski, Witold Piekoszewski, Waldemar Tuszynski, Marian Szczerek and Jan Wulczynski Preface In the past decades, significant advances in tribology have been made as engineers strive to develop more reliable and high performance products. The advancements are mainly driven by the evolution of computational techniques and experimental characterization that leads to a thorough understanding of tribological process on both macro- and microscales. Although great strides have been made in tribology, there are imminent challenges for researchers in the 21 st century to develop more environmental friendly and energy efficient technology. The purpose of this book is to present recent progress of researchers on the hydrodynamic lubrication analysis and the lubrication tests for biodegradable lubricants. The book comprises three sections. The first section, Hydrodynamic Lubrication, covers the fundamental aspects of hydrodynamic lubrication modeling and analysis. It consists of five chapters including theory of tribo-systems, hydrodynamic lubrication analysis of heavy-loaded tribounits lubricated with non-newtonian fluid, tribological aspects of rolling bearing failures, bearing friction of compound planetary gears, and the three-dimensional stress calculation of a damaged pipe under complex loading. The second section, Lubrication Tests and Biodegradable Lubricants, covers recent development of biodegradable lubricants. It consists five chapters including lubricity of RBD palm olein, biodegradable lubricants and production via chemical catalysis, lubricating greases based on fatty by-products and jojoba constituents, and characterization of lubricant on ophthalmic lenses. The third section, Solid Lubricant and Coatings, covers the applications of solid lubricants and surface coatings to wear resistant. The section includes investigation of tribological behavior of solid lubricants in hydrogen environment, alternative Cr+6-free coatings sliding against NBR elastomer, and the new methods for scuffing and pitting investigation of coated materials for heavy loaded, lubricated elements. I wish to sincerely thank the authors for writing comprehensive chapters on a tight schedule. I would also like to express my sincere appreciation to the publisher, and in particular to Ms. Iva Simcic for her patience and excellent cooperation. Chang-Hung Kuo National Chi Nan University, Taiwan . Tribology - Lubricants and Lubrication, Edited by Chang-Hung Kuo p. cm. ISBN 97 8-9 5 3-3 0 7-3 7 1- 2 Contents Preface IX Part 1 Hydrodynamic Lubrication 1 Chapter 1 Theory. TRIBOLOGY - LUBRICANTS AND LUBRICATION Edited by Chang-Hung Kuo Tribology - Lubricants and Lubrication Edited by Chang-Hung Kuo Published. in 19 83 (The Panel Steering Committee for the Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics Division of the NSF, 19 84) and then Tribology - Lubricants and Lubrication 4 the “Journal of Lubrication