IADC Drilling Manual Part 15 doc

Y-68 International Association of Drilling Contractors IADC Drilling Manual - Eleventh Edition Figure Y4-4. Mud processing pump suction detail - POOR Figure Y4-4. Mud processing pump suction detail - FAIR Y-69 International Association of Drilling Contractors Chapter Y: Solids Control Removal Figure Y4-4. Mud processing pump suction detail - GOOD Figure Y4-4. Mud processing pump suction detail - BEST A loosely fit bottom bearing is recommended on longer agitator shafts to prevent the shaft from whipping and bending on start up. Mud guns are relatively expensive devices to operate from the standpoint of pump mainte- nance and barite degradation. Good mud tank design and good agitation are a more cost effective means of keeping barite in suspension. Notes on Safety Design mud processing and mud pit areas to be safe. Mud residue on a steel deck presents an extreme slip hazard. Use serrated steel grating or fiberglass grating with a non-slip surface wherever possible. Non-slip stairway treads are a must. Use properly built handrails with toe plates along all walkways, stairs, and pit tops. Maintain a safe lighting level around all equipment, stairs, and walkways. Wash equipment and clean up mud spills as soon as possible. Eye wash stations should be provided throughout the surface mud system areas. Proper protective clothing in good condition should always be readily available to those mixing mud. Some combination of goggles, dust masks, face shields, rubber gloves and rubber aprons are required depending on the particular chemicals being mixed. Y-70 International Association of Drilling Contractors IADC Drilling Manual - Eleventh Edition Spilled chemicals and bags should be cleaned up quickly and disposed of in a proper manner according to company policy and/or environmental regulations. A responsible qualified person should periodically inspect all electrical devices, electric cable and fittings for physical damage or excessive corrosion. A shock hazard or explosion hazard can exist if this special equipment is not maintained in a proper state. Always use an approved Classified Area electrical device or fitting in an area requiring Division I / Zone I or Division II / Zone II explosion proof or vapor tight electrical devices and fittings. B. Centrifugal Pump Selection and Piping Design The purpose of this section is to present some guidelines and simplified techniques to size pumps and piping typically used in mud systems. If unusual circumstances exist such as unusually long or complicated pipe runs or if very heavy or viscous drilling muds are used, a qualified engineer should analyze the system in detail and calculate an exact solution. Definitions Total Head To write about pumps, one must use words that are known and well understood. For example, the label on the left- hand side of any centrifugal pump curve is Total Head Feet. What does this mean? The simplest way to flow water is to lay a length of pipe on the level ground and connect it to a standpipe (Figure Y4-5). Water from the standpipe will flow steadily through the pipe. It flows faster when there is greater depth of water in the standpipe. The depth of water measured down the standpipe to the pipe connection centerline is the Total Head. Total Head remains constant for a particular pump operated at a constant speed regardless of the fluid being pumped. However, a pump's pressure will increase as the fluid density (mud weight) increases according to the following relationship: PMUD(PSIG) = PWATER(PSIG) x {FLUID DENSITY(LBS/GAL)}/8.34 If a pump produces 200 ft-hd, then it follows that the pressure developed when pumping water will be: PWATER = 200 FT-HD x 0.433 (PSIG/FT) x {FLUID DENSITY(LBS/GAL)}/8.34 PWATER = 200 FT-HD x 0.433 X 8.34/8.34 = 86.6 PSIG NOTE: Fresh water weighs 8.34 lbs/gal. The pressure developed when pumping 16 lb mud will be: PMUD = 200 FT-HD x 0.433(PSIG/FT) x (16/8.34)LBS/GAL = 166.1 PSIG Note that the pump pressure almost doubled. It follows that the required pump horsepower has increased by the same percentage. If the pump required 50 HP for water service, it will require the following horsepower for 16 lb/ gal mud: HP2 = HPWATER x (16/8.34) LBS/GAL = 50 x 1.92 = 95.9 HP To summarize, a pump's Total Head remains constant for any fluid pumped, only the pump pressure and pump horsepower will change. Therefore, a pump motor must be sized according to the heaviest weight mud to be pumped. Pressure Head Y-71 International Association of Drilling Contractors Chapter Y: Solids Control Removal Pressure Head is simply the distance in feet that water will rise up a sight tube connected anywhere to a pipe with liquid in it (see Figure Y4-5). Figure Y4-5. Water flow in a pipe In our example problem, the required desilter pressure head is 75 ft. for any mud weight. However, the pressure would be 30.3 PSIG for water or 43.6 PSIG for 12 lb mud or 58.1 PSIG for 16 lb mud. A good rule of thumb is that the required pressure (PSIG) equals 4 times the mud weight (12 LB/GAL x 4 = 48 PSIG). Fluid Fluid is a general term meaning water, brine, mud, oil or any other liquid being pumped. Flow Rate Flow Rate will be expressed in gallons per minute, barrels per minute or cubic feet per second. Velocity (V) Velocity of the fluid down the pipe is the average velocity across the inside diameter and is expressed in FT/SEC. Velocity head Velocity Head is an expression of the energy required to accelerate the fluid from 0 FT/SEC in the suction tank up to the velocity of the fluid in the pipe. VELOCITY HEAD = {(V)2}/(2G) G = (GRAVITATIONAL CONSTANT) = 32.2 FT/SEC/SEC The following charts may be used for velocity head ranges of our design fluid velocities. Velocity (V) Velocity Head (VH) 5 FT/SEC 0.39 FT-HD 10 FT/SEC 1.55 FT-HD 15 FT/SEC 3.49 FT-HD 20 FT/SEC 6.21 FT-HD Y-72 International Association of Drilling Contractors IADC Drilling Manual - Eleventh Edition Velocity head is generally not a large number but should be included in pump calculations. Example Problem We will size a pump and piping for desilter service. the desilter is a typical 16 cone unit equipped with 4" diameter hydrocyclones. Figure Y4-6. Typical desilter piping arrangement STEP ONE Determine the required pressure head and flow rate. If the pump is to supply a device such as a mud mixing hopper or a desilter, consult the manufacturer's information or sales representative to determine the optimum flow rate and pressure head required at the device. (On devices like desilters the pressure head losses downstream of the device are considered negligible and are usually disregarded.) Our desilter cones require 50 GPM each at an inlet pressure head of 75 FT-HD. therefore, the total capacity will become: 16 CONES x 50 GPM = 800 GPM AT 75 FT-HD STEP TWO Select the basic pump to pump the desired flow rate. Its best to refer to a manufacturer's pump curve for your particular pump. (See example - Figure Y4-7). Y-74 International Association of Drilling Contractors IADC Drilling Manual - Eleventh Edition Table Y4-1. Capacity and Pressure for Various Pump Sizes The pump's impeller may be machined to a smaller diameter to reduce its pressure for a given application. Refer to the manufacturer's pump curves or manufacturer's representative to determine the proper impeller diameter. Excessive pressure and flow should be avoided for the following reasons: 1. Pump wears at a faster rate. 2. Equipment such as hydrocyclones wear at a faster rate. 3. Hydrocyclones do not operate effectively at a higher or lower pressure than specified. 4. A larger electric motor, electric cable, and starter may be required unnecessarily. 5. Energy cost to operate the pump will be greater. The pump must produce more than 75 FT-HD at the pump if 75 FT-HD is to be available at the desilter inlet and the pump's capacity must be at least 800 GPM. Therefore, we should consider using one of the following pumps from the above list: 4" x 5" Pump 1750 RPM - 1000 GPM at 160 FT-HD; or 5" x 6" Pump 1750 RPM - 1200 GPM at 160 FT-HD STEP THREE Size the piping. The pump suction and discharge piping is generally the same diameter as the pump flange diameters. The resulting fluid velocities will then be within the recommended ranges of 4 to 10 FT/SEC for suction lines and 4 to 12 FT/ SEC for discharge lines. Circumstances may dictate that other pipe diameters be used, but remember to try to stay within the above velocity guidelines. Smaller pump discharge piping will create larger pressure drops in the piping and the pump may not be able to pump the required amount of fluid. (For example, don't use a 4" discharge pipe on a 6" x 8" pump and expect the pump's full fluid flow.) Find the proposed pipe diameter and flow rate in the attached tables (Figure Y4-8) and confirm that the velocities are reasonable. Y-76 International Association of Drilling Contractors IADC Drilling Manual - Eleventh Edition Y-77 International Association of Drilling Contractors Chapter Y: Solids Control Removal Y-78 International Association of Drilling Contractors IADC Drilling Manual - Eleventh Edition Y-79 International Association of Drilling Contractors Chapter Y: Solids Control Removal [...]... Z-13 IADC Glossary - G Z -15 IADC Glossary - H Z-17 IADC Glossary - I Z-18 IADC Glossary - J Z-19 IADC Glossary - K Z-20 IADC Glossary - L Z-20 IADC Glossary - M Z-21 IADC Glossary - N Z-23 IADC Glossary - O Z-23 IADC Glossary - P Z-24 IADC Glossary... of Drilling Contractors Y-91 Chapter Z: Glossary of Terms Chapter Z Glossary International Association of Drilling Contractors Z-1 IADC Drilling Manual - Eleventh Edition Table of Contents - Chapter Z Glossary IADC Glossary - A Z-3 IADC Glossary - B Z-4 IADC Glossary - C Z-7 IADC Glossary - D Z-10 IADC Glossary - E Z-13 IADC. .. Z-26 IADC Glossary - R Z-26 IADC Glossary - S Z-30 IADC Glossary - T Z-34 IADC Glossary - U Z-36 IADC Glossary - V Z-36 IADC Glossary - W Z-36 IADC Glossary - X Z-38 IADC Glossary - Y Z-38 IADC Glossary - Z Z-38 Z-2 International Association of Drilling Contractors.. .IADC Drilling Manual - Eleventh Edition Y-80 International Association of Drilling Contractors Chapter Y: Solids Control Removal International Association of Drilling Contractors Y-81 IADC Drilling Manual - Eleventh Edition Y-82 International Association of Drilling Contractors Chapter Y: Solids Control Removal Note the Velocity... called circulating fluid See mud drilling foreman n: the supervisor of drilling or workover operations on a rig Also called a rig manager, rig supervisor, rig superintendent, or toolpusher drilling line n: a wire rope used to support the drilling tools Also called the rotary line International Association of Drilling Contractors Z-11 IADC Drilling Manual - Eleventh Edition drilling rate n: the speed with... Association of Drilling Contractors Chapter Y: Solids Control Removal Table Y4-2a Mud Trough Sizing, 8" wide x 8" high Table Y4-2b Mud Trough Sizing, 12" wide x 12" high International Association of Drilling Contractors Y-89 IADC Drilling Manual - Eleventh Edition Table Y4-2c Mud Trough Sizing, 15" wide x 15" high Table Y4-2d Mud Trough Sizing, 18" wide x 18" high Y-90 International Association of Drilling. .. that constitute a unit of acreage sufficient to justify the expense of drilling a wildcat drilling contractor n: an individual or group that owns a drilling rig or rigs and contracts services for drilling wells drilling crew n: a driller, a derrickman, and two or more helpers who operate a drilling or workover rig for one tour each day drilling fluid n: circulating fluid, one function of which is to lift... materials (as cement to formation) v to adhere or to join to another material International Association of Drilling Contractors Z-5 IADC Drilling Manual - Eleventh Edition BOP abbr: blowout preventer borehole n: a hole made by drilling or boring See wellbore bottomhole n: the lowest or deepest part of a well adj: pertaining to the bottom of the wellbore bottomhole choke n: a device with a restricted... formation before installing casing in a well See formation testing drilling in v: The process of drilling into the oil or gas reservoir drilling out v: Refers to drilling out of the residual cement which normally remains in the lower section of casing and the wellbore after the casing has been cemented drilling under pressure v: carrying on drilling operations while maintaining a seal at the top of the... necessary to well drilling Includes: Rotary table, draw-works, kelly, swivel, hook, blocks, line, engines, mud pumps and piping (steel mud pits, if used) utilities unit, dog house, tool house, mud house, etc., and electric generators, motors, and wiring if used International Association of Drilling Contractors Z-27 IADC Drilling Manual - Eleventh Edition rotary helper n: a worker on a drilling or workover . Contractors IADC Drilling Manual - Eleventh Edition Y-79 International Association of Drilling Contractors Chapter Y: Solids Control Removal Y-80 International Association of Drilling Contractors IADC Drilling. of Drilling Contractors IADC Drilling Manual - Eleventh Edition Y-77 International Association of Drilling Contractors Chapter Y: Solids Control Removal Y-78 International Association of Drilling. Drilling Manual - Eleventh Edition Y-81 International Association of Drilling Contractors Chapter Y: Solids Control Removal Y-82 International Association of Drilling Contractors IADC Drilling Manual