[...]... 3000 N 4000 N 5000 N 6000 N 0 100 0 0 0 5 αà 10 [ o ] 15 -80 0 5 αà 10 [ o ] 15 AvtÃ''ÃTrhqhrÃvqrÃs prÃhqÃhyvtvtà rÃpuh hpr vvpÃhÃrh rqÃÃurà hq 6QQGD86UDPITÃPAÃUS6ITD@IUÃU`S@ÃHP9@G experiments 6000 non-linear model µ) ] ) \ )]R = 3000N $ )] = 0.83)]R 9Ã= 30km/h µ) ] [N] αÃà 6o = 0 -2000 0.5 Hz 2.0 Hz 4.0 Hz 6.0 Hz 8.0 Hz 150 0] [Nm] 0 -100 0 V/λ 0.5 1 0 V/λ 0.5 1 AvtÃ'(ÃTvqrÃs prÃhqÃhyvtvtà rà rrÃÃurryÃyhqÃh vhvÃhÃhÃyh trÃyv... "ÃUurÃvsyrprÃsÃhÃpuhtrÃvà rhqÃqruÃuhÃirrÃu UurÃyrà ÃhqÃurÃprssvpvrà ÃvqvphrÃurÃvsyrprÃsÃpuhtrÃvÃqrsyrpv 315 radial steel belted 310 tread depth [mm] UH 9à [km/h] 155 20 305 7 mm 3 mm U 1 mm S = 1.8 bar L 320 UH [mm] 126 68 310 U bias ply tread depth: 7 mm S = 1.5 bar 150 L 320 [mm] 310 20 UH U bias ply tread depth: 0 mm S = 1.5 bar 163 300 L 20 290 0 2000 4000 [N] )] AvtÃ' ! U rÃrssrpvrà yyvtà hqvÃhqÃyhqrqà hqvÃhÃhÃspvÃsÃurryÃyhqÃrh rq... urÃqvssr rÃphyrÃs Ãurà hqvhyÃhqÃivhyà rà hqvv 6QQGD86UDPITÃPAÃUS6ITD@IUÃU`S@ÃHP9@G UI ÃUH ρ 15 radial-ply GWÃ=7mm 6 below road level studs [mm] 10 η 1 5 εG GÃ=7mm GÃ= 0 W GÃ=1mm W W ribs bias-ply W 0 0 AvtÃ' "à 5 10 15 20 U Ãvuà rrpÃà rÃs rrà hqvÃU ÃqrÃà r G à Tvhvà hà vhyà yhqà ) 2 SrqpvÃsÃrssrpvrà yyvtà hqvà hqvhyà qrsyrpvà ρ 25 [mm]... purÃurÃp rà r rrvtÃurÃhvhyyÃhpuvrhiyrÃvqrÃs prÃAÃDÃuv rrpÃurÃqryÃpr hvyÃr s ÃryyÃuvpuÃphÃirÃhvqÃsÃurÃhyr hvr ) \ ) α = 6o ) = 3000N ]R $ )] = 0.83) ]R 9= 30km/h 0.6 qÃy h experiments 0.4 non-linear model 0.2 0 0 10 2.0 1.0 λ Q [m] [Hz] 20 0.5 AvtÃ' ÃUurÃqhvpÃyÃhÃhÃyh trÃphÃyvÃhtyrÃhqÃhÃyh trÃyhqÃhyvqrà hv 6QQGD86UDPITÃPAÃUS6ITD@IUÃU`S@ÃHP9@G qryà tr rqà ià @&!à vuÃ... 6QQGD86UDPITÃPAÃUS6ITD@IUÃU`S@ÃHP9@G )\ ) α = 1o ) =3000N ]R 9= 30km/h 0.6 qÃy $ ) ] ) ]R h G\QDPLF ORVV 0.95 0.4 0.90 linear model 0.2 VWDWLF ORVV 0.36 0.73 0.90 0.90 0.73 0.36 0.73 0.36 0 0 10 2.0 1.0 λ Q [m] [Hz] 20 0.5 AvtÃ'&Ã9hvpÃvqrÃs prÃyÃhÃhÃhyyÃyvÃhtyrÃs Ãqvssr rÃyhqÃhyvqrà hv ($Ãur rÃurà rÃhyÃyrÃphpÃhrh ÃÃh hpuÃurÃhyrÃsÃph... t pvpà pyrà Xrà ihvà hpp qvtà à @$ "$à hqà $ yhr Ãr rvÃp rqvtÃvuÃ&#&) &'à ur 6QQGD86UDPITÃPAÃUS6ITD@IUÃU`S@ÃHP9@G 1500 σ à 40 [N/o] [Nm/o] &)α &0α σ à [m] 60 100 0 0.8 &)α 0.4 500 0 0 )] 4000 0 [N] 8000 &0α 20 0 0 4000 )] [N] 8000 AvtÃ'$ GhqÃqrrqrpÃsà rÃh hrr Ãhpp qvtÃÃrh rrÃhqÃuv qÃqrt rr yvhyÃsv G 0 ] G V % ]' 0 & & 0 Ãà . y0 w1 h1" alt="" 0 4m travelled distance α 0 8 o 0 = 6 100 % 10% o travelled distance 0 8m α = 10 o γ κ &KDSWHU 0 1m 0 1m 0.5 10 0 012 σ = [Hz] δ 0 -180 -90 o o = 20m/s 0 1m 0.5 0 1m σ . 0.9 α o =3000N 0.95 0.90 0.73 0.36 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 10 20 [Hz] 2.0 1.0 0.5 λ [m] linear model 0.90 0.73 0.36 = 30km/h α = 1 o 0.90 0.73 0.36 α 10 1550 o [ ] 10 1550 o [ ] [N] [Nm] 6000 2000 100 0 0 120 0 -80 2000. 6 o