Vincoli, Jeffrey W. "Q-Z" Lewis' Dictionary of Occupational and Environmental Safety and Health Edited by Jeffrey W. Vincoli Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC, 2000 ©2000 CRC Press LLC Q Q Quantity or volume of air. Q factor See quality factor. Q fever An rickettsial infection often seen among meat and livestock handlers. Can be con- tracted by inhalation of dust particles that are infected with the infectious organism. The organisms are found in the hides of sheep and cattle. It is contagious between humans and its symptoms include sudden hay fever, chills, headache, muscle pain, and coughing. QA See quality assurance. QC See quality control program and quality cir- cle. QLFT Qualitative fit test. QNFT Quantitative fit test. quack A pretender to medical skill which he/she does not possess. One who practices as a physician or surgeon without adequate experi- ence or due qualification. quad map A topographic map with an approximate scale of one inch to 2,000 feet; shows physical features such as wetlands, water bodies, roadways, mines, and buildings. quadrant (1) One-fourth of the circumference of a cir- cle. (2) An angular dissection of ninety de- grees. (3) One of the quarters created by two intersecting lines, roads, streets, vectors, etc. (4) One of four corresponding parts, or quar- ters, as of the surface of the abdomen or of the field of vision. quadrantanopia Loss of vision in one fourth of the visual field. quadriceps Having four heads. quadriceps femoris muscle A muscle group on the anterior thigh consist- ing of four muscles which flex the hip and extend the knee: rectus femoris, vastus later- alis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius. Well-defined quadriceps femoris muscles of the anterior thigh quadriplegia A condition in which all four limbs are af- fected by paralysis. qualification The possession by an individual of the quali- ties, properties, circumstances, natural or ad- ventitious, which are inherently or legally necessary to perform a task, fill an office, or perform a duty or function. qualification tests The required tests used to demonstrate that the design, manufacture, and assembly have re- sulted in hardware conforming to specifica- tion requirements. qualified Adapted; fitted; entitled; susceptible; compe- tent; fitting; possessing legal power or capac- ity; eligible. Applied to one who has taken the steps to prepare himself/herself for an ap- pointment of office. One who is adequately and satisfactorily trained and/or experienced to perform a function or task. qualified handicapped individual Under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA): A handicapped individual who is ca- pable of performing a specific job with rea- sonable accommodation. ©2000 CRC Press LLC qualified operator A worker having the adequate physical/mental attributes, training, education, and experience who has demonstrated that he/she is capable of safely performing a given task involving the operation of machinery or equipment with acceptable quality and quantity. qualified person One familiar with the construction and opera- tion of the equipment and the hazards in- volved. Note 1: Whether an employee is con- sidered to be a "qualified person" will depend upon various circumstances in the workplace. It is possible and, in fact, likely for an indi- vidual to be considered "qualified" with re- gard to certain equipment in the workplace, but "unqualified" as to other equipment. Note 2: An employee who is undergoing on-the- job training and who, in the course of such training, has demonstrated an ability to per- form duties safely at his/her level of training and who is under the direct supervision of a qualified person is considered to be a quali- fied person for the performance of those du- ties. qualified worker A worker having the adequate physical/mental attributes, training, education, and experience who has demonstrated that he/she is capable of performing a given task using basic tools with acceptable quality and quantity. qualifying phase I technology Under the Clean Air Act (CAA): A techno- logical system of continuous emission reduc- tion which achieves a 90 percent reduction in emissions of sulfur dioxide from the emis- sions that would have resulted from the use of fuels which were not subject to treatment prior to combustion. qualimeter An instrument for measuring the quantity of roentgen rays generated by a Coolidge tube. qualitative The characteristic attributes or qualities per- taining to an exposure based on subjective in- formation, nonrigorous quantitative data, and judgment. qualitative exposure assessment The identification of contaminants and physi- cal agents an individual may be exposed to, and a judgment of the associated hazard based on the frequency and duration of exposure, the control measures in effect (engineering, administrative, and personal protection), the properties of the stressor, and the manner in which it is being used/handled. qualitative risk assessment An examination of system risk based upon established criteria that allows the analyst to evaluate risk levels in relation to other risks or total system risk. quality A condition in which a product satisfies a set of requirements involving such aspects as strength, durability, function, appearance, and user-satisfaction. quality analysis An examination or study of product quality goals. quality assurance (QA) (1) A company-wide program that establishes project policies, procedures, standards, and guidelines designed to produce an acceptable level of professional quality. (2) A system of practices, procedures, and activities that are taken to provide assurance that the work be- ing carried out will meet defined standards of quality. The assessment of the potential for a procedure to produce sampling results of ade- quate quality to satisfy the defined objectives. The primary purpose of a quality assurance program is to provide the necessary safe- guards to minimize erroneous sample analy- ses and to provide a means of detecting errors when they occur. quality assurance project plan As per the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): A plan that describes the policy, or- ganization, functional activities, and quality assurance and quality control protocols neces- sary to achieve DQOs dictated by the in- tended use of the data (RI/FS Guidance). quality assurance/quality control According to the U.S. Environmental Protec- tion Agency (EPA): A system of procedures, checks, audits, and corrective actions to en- sure that all EPA research design and per- formance, environmental monitoring and sampling, and other technical and reporting activities are of the highest achievable quality. ©2000 CRC Press LLC quality circle (QC) A small group of people involved in a similar type of work who voluntarily meet on a pre- determined schedule (e.g., weekly) on paid time in an attempt to identify, analyze, and solve some of the problems in their work en- vironment. Also referred to as quality con- trol circles and employee participation team. quality control chart A chart used for recording data regarding product quality. quality control (QC) programs Establish project activities that apply the poli- cies, procedures, standards, training, guide- lines, and systems developed in the QA pro- gram. QC programs aim to maintain an ac- ceptable level of project quality through ap- plication of sound project management prin- ciples and practices. quality factor (1) General. A measure for expressing the rate of attenuation (sharpness) of time-varying energy as a function of frequency. Also re- ferred to as Q factor. (2) Ionizing Radiation. A modifying factor that is used to derive the radiation dose equivalent from absorbed dose. It is a factor by which the absorbed radiation dose in rad is multiplied to obtain a quantity that expresses the biological effectiveness of the absorbed dose in rem. The factor for beta, gamma, and X-radiation is 1. For alpha parti- cles and fast neutrons it is 10. Other values are used for neutrons of other energies and heavy recoil nuclei. (3) Ionizing Radiation. The number intended to represent the effec- tiveness of various types of ionizing radiation based on relative biological effectiveness or linear energy transfer, based on the following values: X-ray, beta 1 protons, fast neutrons 10 alpha particles 20 quantitation limit The lowest level at which a chemical may be accurately and reliably quantified. Usually equal to the detection limit multiplied by a factor of 3 to 5, but varies between chemicals and between samples. quantitative The property of anything which can be deter- mined by measurement and expressed as a quantity. quantitative exposure assessment The procedure of quantitatively determining an individual's exposure to a health hazard, employing accepted sampling and analytical procedures, and assessing the likelihood that an adverse health effect may occur based on the sample results. quantitative risk assessment An application of statistical techniques to mathematically identify the level of probable risk associated with a given hazard, as it re- lates to total system operation. quantum The smallest quantity of energy, responding to the energy of electromagnetic radiation, that can be associated with a given phenome- non. quantum theory A theory based on the concept that energy is radiated intermittently in units of definite magnitude called quanta and absorbed in like manner. quarantine (1) A place or period of detention of ships coming from infected or suspected ports. (2) Restrictions placed on entering or leaving premises where a case of communicable dis- ease exists. (3) The application of measures to prevent contact between persons who are not infected and persons suspected of being infected. quarrel An altercation, angry dispute, or an exchange of recriminations, taunts, threats, or accusa- tions between two persons. quart One-fourth of a gallon (946 cc). quartan (1) Recurring in 4-day cycles (every third days). 2) A variety of intermittent fever of which the paroxysms recur on every third day. See also malaria. quarter The fourth part of anything, especially a year. ©2000 CRC Press LLC quarter line A line used to set a boat out where maneuver- ability is limited. quarter section The quarter of a section of land according to the divisions of a government survey, deter- mined by dividing the section into four equal parts by north and south and east and west, and containing 160 acres (a quarter of a square mile of land). quartile The value of the boundary at the 25th, 50th, or 75th percentile of a frequency distribution divided into four parts, each containing a quarter of the population. quartz One of the forms of crystalline silicon diox- ide. Also referred to as one of the forms of free silica. Quaternary The period of geologic time starting 1.6 mil- lion years ago and continuing to the present day. It is divided into two epochs: the Pleis- tocene and the Holocene, with the division between these two falling approximately 10,000 years before the present. Late Qua- ternary refers to time between 700,000 years ago and the present day. Pre-Quaternary re- fers to any time before 1.6 million years ago. quaternary (1) Fourth in a series. (2) Made up of four elements or radicals. Queckenstedt's test When the veins in the neck are compressed on one or both sides there is a rapid rise in the pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid of healthy persons, and this rise quickly disappears when pressure is taken off the neck. But when there is a block in the spinal canal the pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid is affected little or not at all by the maneuver. quench tank A water-filled tank used to cool incinerator residues or hot materials during industrial processes. Quervain's disease Inflammation of the long abductor and short extensor tendons of the thumb, with swelling and tenderness. questioning technique A method for analyzing and attempting to improve work processes, generally by asking questions such as: a) what is the purpose for some activity, b) why is a particular sequence followed, c) why does a particular person perform that job, and d) is the method being used to accomplish the task the best possible. questionnaire A written set of questions intended to obtain an individual's responses on his/her attitudes, issues, etc. queue (1) Place a discrete unit in position for se- quential flow in a single processing channel. (2) A location from which units may be se- lected for processing when processing time or other requisite conditions permit. queuing theory A quantitative rule describing the patterns pertaining to arrivals, service times, and the sequence in which arrivals are handled. quick disconnect valve (1) Breathing Apparatus. A device which starts the flow of air by inserting of the hose (which leads from the facepiece) into the regulator of self-contained breathing appara- tus, and stops the flow of air by disconnection of the hose from the regulator. (2) Servicing and Maintenance. A mechanical device, usu- ally spring-loaded or under some type of me- chanical tension, that allows for the quick connection and/or disconnection of two structures. Common in many industries, such as refining, aerospace, the military, etc. Quick disconnect valves used in the fueling of aircraft allow for quick and safe connection/disconnection of fuel hose lines ©2000 CRC Press LLC quickening (1) A display technique involving the use of time derivatives for aiding an operator in tracking or control operations involving mo- tion. (2) The first perceptible movement of the fetus in the uterus, appearing usually in the sixteenth to eighteenth week of pregnancy. quinine A white, bitter alkaloid usually obtained from cinchona. An analgesic, antipyretic, bitter tonic, and effective antimalarial. quinquevalent Pentavalent; having a valence of five. quinsy Acute suppurative inflammation of the tonsil and the surrounding tissue. quintan Recurring every 5 days (every fourth day). quorum A majority of the entire body. The number of members who must be present in a delibera- tive body before business may be transacted. quotidian (1) Recurring every day. (2) A form of inter- mittent malarial fever with daily recurrent paroxysms. quotient A number obtained by division. quotient verdict A verdict resulting from an agreement whereby each juror writes down the amount of damages to which he/she thinks a party is entitled and each amount is then added to- gether and divided by the number of jurors. QWERTY keyboard A keyboard with a letter distribution pattern of QWERTY on the left side of the top row. See also Dvorak keyboard. ©2000 CRC Press LLC R R (1) Degrees Rankine. (2) See electrical re- sistance. R & D See research and development. R meter An instrument for measuring and displaying the intensity of ionizing radiation in roent- gens. R value See thermal resistance value. RA See remedial action. See also return air. rabbit fever See tularemia. rabies An acute infectious viral disease communi- cated to man by the bite of an infected animal and affecting the brain and the nervous sys- tem. Rabies is transmitted by warm-blooded animals, especially dogs and foxes. The viru s i s o f t e n p r e s e n t i n t h e s a l i v a o f a f f e c t e d a n i m a l s and is trans mit ted chi efl y th ro u gh bi te wou n ds and occasi on all y th rou gh op en wo un ds or s ores . After the vi ru s ent ers the bo dy it travel s alo ng th e nerve tru n k to th e brain . The farther the bite is from the head, the longer it takes to reach the brain. The incubation period varies from 2 weeks to as long as 6 months. The bitten person must start treatment with antira- bies vaccine and serum before the virus reaches the brain. The disease must be pre- vented because it is always fatal in man. Also called hydrophobia. RAC See risk assessment code. race (1) A breakdown of the human species by certain genetically determined characteristics such as skin color, bodily proportions, hair type, and stature. (2) A form of competition where the purpose is to complete a prescribed path or function with a minimal time or ahead of others in the competition. raceway A channel designed expressly for holding wires, cables, or bus bars, with additional functions (as permitted in applicable codes and standards). Raceways may be of metal or insulating material, and the term includes rigid metal conduit, rigid nonmetallic conduit, intermediate metal conduit, liquid-tight flexi- ble metal conduit, flexible metal conduit, electrical metallic tubing, under floor race- ways, cellular concrete floor raceways, cellu- lar metal floor raceways, surface raceways, wire ways, and bus ways. RACT See reasonably achievable control technol- ogy. rad See radiation absorbed dose. radappertize To radiate food with ionizing radiation to sterilize it. radar An acronym derived from Radio Detection and Ranging. A system using emitted and re- flected electromagnetic energy, principally radio frequency and microwaves, to detect and track objects or weather. radar air traffic control facility (RATCF) An air traffic control facility, located at a U.S. Naval or Marine Corps Air Station, utilizing surveillance, and normally, precision ap- proach radar and air/ground communication equipment to provide approach control serv- ices to aircraft arriving, departing, or transit- ing the airspace controlled by the facility. The facility may be operated by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the United Sates Navy (USN), the United States Marine Corp (USMC), or the FAA & USN and serv- ice may be provided for both civil and mili- tary airports. radar air traffic control tower An airport traffic control tower that uses radar and nonradar capabilities to provide approach control services to aircraft arriving, departing, or transiting airspace controlled by the facil- ity. It provides radar air traffic control serv- ices to aircraft operating in the vicinity of one or more civil and/or military airports in the terminal area. ©2000 CRC Press LLC Radar air traffic control operations radar altimeter Aircraft instrument that makes use of the re- flection of radio waves from the ground to determine the height of the aircraft above the surface. radar approach control (RAPCON) An air traffic control facility, located at a U.S. Air Force (USAF) base, utilizing surveillance and, normally, precision approach radar and air/ground communication equipment to pro- vide approach control services to aircraft ar- riving, departing, and transiting the airspace controlled by the facility. The facility may be operated by the Federal Aviation Administra- tion (FAA), or the United States Air Force (USAF). Service may be provided to both civil and military airports. radar approach control tower An airport traffic control tower (ATCT) that uses radar and nonradar capabilities to pro- vide approach control services to aircraft ar- riving, departing, or transiting airspace con- trolled by the facility. It provides radar Air Traffic Control (ATC) services to aircraft op- erating in the vicinity of one or more civil and/or military airports in the terminal area In other words, a radar approach control tower is an ATCT at which airport traffic control spe- cialists are permitted to provide radar ap- proach control service, including extensive vectoring, as well as to handle takeoffs and landings. Radar acts can be separated into a control tower and a radar room. radar display The graphic presentation of a radar scan on a radarscope. radar dome A dome-shaped structure used to protect the antenna of a radar installation. radar reflector A device capable of or intended for reflecting radar signals. radarscope The CRT or other device used to project the scan of a radar beam for operator viewing. radial (1) Pertaining to the radius bone. (2) On a line directed outward from the center of a cir- cle. (3) A type of tire usually constructed with steel belts for added puncture protection and durability. radial deviation A movement of the wrist such that the longi- tudinal axis of the hand is directed toward the lateral/radial/thumb side of the forearm. radial keratotomy A surgical procedure in which radial incisions are made in the cornea to improve myopic vi- sion. radial nerve A spinal nerve innervating the upper arm, forearm, and the dorsal-thumb side of the hand. Also called musculospiral nerve. radiale The uppermost point on the lateral margin of the leading end of the radius bone. radiale height See elbow height. radiale – stylion length The linear distance from radiale to stylion parallel to the long axis of the freely hanging lower arm. Measured with the individual standing, the arm hanging naturally at the side, and the palm facing the thigh. Also re- ferred to as forearm length and lower arm length. radian A planar angular measure in which the arc length of the subtended angle at the center of a circle equals the radius (approximately 57.3 degrees). See also plane angle. radiance (L) The value of the ratio of the radian flux to the solid angle and the perpendicular surface projection. ©2000 CRC Press LLC radiant energy The energy of electromagnetic waves from sources such as radiowaves, visible light, in- frared, x-rays, and gamma rays. These waves do not need molecules to propagate them, and in a vacuum they travel at nearly 300,000 kilometers per second. radiant exitance (M) The radiant flux density leaving a specified surface. radiant flux The rate of flow of radiant power which flows onto or through a unit area. radiant flux density That amount of radiant power which flows onto or through a unit area. radiant heat A form of electromagnetic energy. radiant heat load Energy that is transformed into heat when it strikes an object. The human body can both emit and receive radiant energy. radiant heat temperature The temperature of an object as a result of it having absorbed radiant energy. radiant heat transfer Radiant heat transfer occurs when there is a large difference between the temperatures of two surfaces that are exposed to each other but are not touching. radiant heating That heating which occurs solely by radiation. radiation (1) Divergence from a common center. (2) A structure made up of diverging elements, es- pecially a tract of the central nervous system made up of diverging fibers. (3) Electromag- netic waves. The emission and propagation of energy in the form of waves or corpuscular emissions of particles through space or through a material medium; for instance, the emission and propagation of electromagnetic waves, electric waves, or other forms of elec- tromagnetic radiation, as well as ionizing ra- diation. Sources of radiation include natural or "background" radiation, such as cosmic rays from outer space, and the naturally oc- curring radioactive substances found in the earth. Manmade radiations result from artifi- cially produced nuclear reactions in stable elements which are then changed to radioac- tive substances. Radiations are particulate and nonparticulate; that is, that may be made up of particles such as neutrons and protons which are fragments of the nuclei of disinte- grating atoms, or they may consist of electro- magnetic waves, which have no mass. Par- ticulate radiations may consist of alpha parti- cles or beta particles. Most radioactive iso- topes (radioisotopes) emit particulate radia- tions and at the same time also release elec- tromagnetic rays (gamma rays). Both par- ticulate and nonparticulate radiations are ca- pable of penetrating and being absorbed into matter. Alpha particles are the least pene- trating; beta particles slightly more penetrat- ing; and the gamma rays, like x-rays, are ca- pable of completely penetrating the body. Harmful effects of uncontrolled radiation ex- posure include serious disturbances of bone marrow and other blood-forming organs, burns, and sterility. There may be permanent damage to the germ plasm or genes, which re- sults in genetic mutations. The mutations can be transmitted to future generations. Radia- tion also may produce harmful effects on the embryo or fetus, bringing about fetal death or malformations. Radiation also apparently shortens the life span of those exposed to it over a period of time, and predisposes persons to the development of cataracts. Exposure to large doses of radiation over a short period of time produces a group of symptoms known as the acute radiation syndrome. These symp- toms include general malaise, nausea, and vomiting, followed by a period of remission of symptoms. Later, the patient develops more severe symptoms such as fever, hemor- rhage, fluid loss, anemia, and central nervous system involvement. The symptoms then gradually subside or become more severe, and may lead to death. radiation absorbed dose (rad) The unit of absorbed dose which is equal to 100 ergs/g. It is a measure of the energy im- parted to matter by ionizing particles per unit mass of irradiated material at the point of ex- posure. radiation accident Any accident exposing humans to excessive radiation or involving the spread of radioac- ©2000 CRC Press LLC tive materials beyond their intended contain- ment. radiation area An area accessible to individuals, in which ionizing radiation levels could result in a per- son receiving a dose equivalent in excess of 5 millirem (equivalent to 0.05 mSv) in 1 hour at 12 inches (30 centimeters) from the source or from any surface that the radiation penetrates. radiation dosimetry A measurement of the amount of ionizing radiation exposure by individuals, materials, or equipment at a specific location. radiation effect Any of the documented effects from high lev- els of ionizing radiation exposure, such as hair loss, cancer, nausea, cataracts, or death. See also radiation sickness. radiation fluence See fluence. radiation fog Fog produced over land when radiation cool- ing reduces the air temperature to or below its dew point. It is also referred to as ground fog and valley fog. radiation hazard A situation in which persons might receive ionizing radiation in excess of the applicable maximum permissible dose or in which radia- tion damage might be done to materials. radiation inversion An increase in temperature with height due to radiation cooling of the earth's surface. Also called nocturnal inversion. radiation length The mean distance required to reduce the en- ergy of charged particles by 1/e in passing through a material. radiation monitoring A form of environmental monitoring in which periodic or continuous measurements are taken to determine the radiation levels present in a specific environment. radiation protection Any measure to reduce the exposure of hu- mans and/or equipment to radiation, whether through legislation, regulations, policies, or physical measures. radiation protection guide (RPG) The total amount of ionizing radiation dose over certain periods of time that may be per- mitted to persons whose occupation involves exposure to such radiation. It is equivalent to what was formerly called the maximum per- missible exposure (MPE). radiation protection officer (RPO) The person who has been selected and trained to be responsible for overseeing the ionizing radiation protection program in a facility. Also referred to as the radiation safety officer or RSO. radiation safety The study and/or implementation of equip- ment and procedures to prevent excessive ra- diation exposure to personnel or radiation re- lease to the environment. radiation safety officer (RSO) See radiation protection officer. radiation sickness A self-limiting syndrome characterized by nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and psychic de- pression, following exposure to appreciable doses of ionizing radiation, particularly to the abdominal region. Also called radiation syn- drome. radiation source Materials, equipment, or devices that generate or are capable of generating ionizing radiation including naturally occurring radioactive ma- terials, byproduct materials, source materials, special nuclear materials, fission products, materials containing induced or deposited ra- dioactivity, nuclear reactors, radiographic and fluoroscopic equipment, particle generators and accelerators, radio frequency generators such as certain klystrons and magnetrons that produce x-rays, and high voltage devices that produce x-rays. radiation standards Regulations that set maximum exposure limits for protection of the public from radioactive materials. radiation survey An evaluation of the radiation hazard incident to the production, use, release, disposal, or presence of a radioactive material or other sources of ionizing radiation under a specific set of conditions. Includes surveys necessary [...]... reaction of the recipient to foreign tissue cells (antigens) after homograft transplantation, with the production of anti- bodies and ultimate destruction of the transplanted organ REL See recommended exposure limit relapsing fever Any one of a group of similar infectious diseases transmitted to man by the bites of lice and ticks, and marked by alternating periods of normal temperature and periods of fever... amount of any specified radioisotope that may be allowed to accumulate in the body radiobiology The study of radiation effects on living things More specifically, the branch of science concerned with effects of light and of ultraviolet and ionizing radiations on living tissue or organisms radiocarbon A radioactive isotope of carbon The isotope of mass 14 (14C) is used in many diagnostic procedures and. .. transit railroad, and transit railway railbus A relatively light, diesel-powered, two-axle rail vehicle with a body resembling that of a bus railing A vertical barrier erected along exposed sides of stairways and platforms to prevent falls of persons The top member of a railing usually serves as a handrail railroad (1) A person engaged in transportation by rail (2) All forms of non-highway ground transportation... objective in collecting a random sample is to obtain a sample which is free of bias random signal See random process random variable A real function whose value is determined randomly Also referred to as chance variable and stochastic variable ©2000 CRC Press LLC randomize To select or assign randomly randomized design An experimental design in which the subjects are assigned randomly to groups representing... generate, or are capable of generating, ionizing radiation including radiographic and fluoroscopic equip©2000 CRC Press LLC ment, particle generators and accelerators, radio frequency generators such as certain klystrons and magnetrons that produce x-rays, and high voltage devices that produce x-rays radioactive half-life That time required for one-half the original amount of unstable nuclei in a radioactive... ionizing radiation ©2000 CRC Press LLC and promoting better health through beneficial applications of sources of ionizing radiation radiology The branch of medicine that deals with the diagnostic and therapeutic applications of radiant energy radioluminescence The emission of visible light from ionizing radiation or the decay of radioactive isotopes causing the excitation of crystals or phosphors radiometer... qualified (3) That assessment of a worker's pace or output relative to the standard pace or output rating factor That level of skill and effort displayed by an operator during the period of study, based on 100% as normal skill and effort rating of perceived effort (RPE) An individual's estimate of how hard a task is, in terms of very, very light to very, very hard Also known as rate of perceived exertion,... following an accident event, the better the chance of obtaining more usable testimony ©2000 CRC Press LLC rattening An offense on the part of the members of a trade union involving the taking away and/ or hiding of the tools, clothes, or other property of a worker in an attempt to compel him/her to join the union or cease working In England, it is an offense punishable by fine or imprisonment Raub scale... observable changes in the bones and joints, whitening and numbness in one or more fingers of either hand, skin atrophy, and occasionally gangrene Also referred to as Raynaud's disease, dead hands, and vibration white-hands disease RBC Red blood cell RBE See relative biological effectiveness RC See room criterion curve RCC See rescue coordination center reach (1) A straight-line anthropometric measure... Reclamation Act The Reclamation Act of 1902 authorized the Secretary of the Interior to locate, construct, operate, and maintain works for the storage, diversion, and development of waters for the reclamation of arid and semiarid lands in the Western States reclining Pertaining to a posture involving an intermediate position between sitting and lying in which the posterior aspect of the body is against some . "Q-Z" Lewis' Dictionary of Occupational and Environmental Safety and Health Edited by Jeffrey W. Vincoli Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC, 2000 ©2000 CRC Press LLC Q Q Quantity or volume of. One-fourth of the circumference of a cir- cle. (2) An angular dissection of ninety de- grees. (3) One of the quarters created by two intersecting lines, roads, streets, vectors, etc. (4) One of. U.S. Environmental Protec- tion Agency (EPA): A system of procedures, checks, audits, and corrective actions to en- sure that all EPA research design and per- formance, environmental monitoring and sampling,