Dictionary of Occupational and Environmental Safety and Health - Part 3 pptx

Vincoli, Jeffrey W. "I-P" Lewis' Dictionary of Occupational and Environmental Safety and Health Edited by Jeffrey W. Vincoli Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC, 2000 ©2000 CRC Press LLC I I say again Aviation. Communication Protocol. The message will be repeated. IADL See instrumental activities of daily living. IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency. IAP See intra-abdominal pressure. IAQ See indoor air quality. IARC International Agency for Research on Cancer. IATA See International Air Transportation Asso- ciation. IC Integrated circuit. Also ion chromatography. See also inspiratory capacity. ICAO See International Civil Aviation Organiza- tion. ICAO word list A standard word list in which the first letter of each word represents the corresponding se- quence of letters in the alphabet (e.g., alpha, bravo, charlie, delta, echo, foxtrot, gulf, hotel, india, juliet, kilo, lima, etc.) ICC Interstate Commerce Commission (United States). ice action on bridge piers The force required to break ice, transmitted to bridge piers and other structures in the river. Such a force could damage the structures. Ice Age See Pleistocene epoch. ice clause Maritime Law. A standard clause in the chartering of ocean vessels. It dictates the course a vessel master may take if the ship is prevented from entering the loading or dis- charging port because of ice, or if the vessel is threatened by ice while in the port. The clause establishes rights and obligations of both vessel owner and charterer if these events occur. ice crystal process A process that produces precipitation. The process involves tiny ice crystals in a super- cooled cloud growing larger at the expense of the surrounding liquid droplets. Also called the Wegener-Bergeron-Findeisen process. ice fog A type of fog composed of tiny suspended ice particles that forms at very low temperatures. ice gorge A conglomeration of ice solidly packed from bank to bank which is obstructing the flow of the river and marine traffic. ice nuclei Particles that act as nuclei for the formation of ice crystals in the atmosphere. ice pellets See sleet. ice pier A heavily constructed cluster of piling or con- crete behind which towboats moor or shelter from running ice. ice shelf Seaward extension of an ice sheet, floating but attached to the land on at least one side and bounded on the seaward side by a steep cliff rising 2 to 50 m or more above sea level. iceberg A large mass of detached land ice in the sea or stranded in shallow water. Icelandic low The subpolar low-pressure area that is cen- tered near Iceland on charts that show mean sea level pressure. ICHCA See International Cargo Handling Coordi- nation Association. ichthyismus Disease caused by eating rancid fish or poi- sonous fish. ichthyosis Dryness, roughness, and scaliness of the skin, resulting from the failure of shedding of the keratin produced by the skin cells. ©2000 CRC Press LLC icon (1) A graphical, nonlinguistic representation of an object or action. (2) A small picture that represents a function, file, or program. In Windows, for example, users can run pro- grams by choosing icons rather than having to remember the program name and type a command. iconic memory A sensory memory associated with the visual system. ICPES See inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy. ICRP International Commission on Radiological Protection. icterus Jaundice due to the deposition of bile pigment in the skin and mucous membranes with a re- sulting yellow appearance of the individual. ICW See intracellular water. i.d. Inside diameter. id (1) A Freudian term used to describe that part of the personality which harbors the uncon- scious, instinctive impulses that lead to im- mediate gratification of primitive needs such as hunger, the need for air, the need to move about and relieve body tension, and the need to eliminate. Id impulses are physiological and body processes, as opposed to the ego and superego, which are psychological and social processes. The id is dominated by the pleas- ure principle and some gratification of the id impulses is necessary for survival of a per- son's personality. (2) A skin eruption occur- ring as an allergic reaction to an agent causing primary lesions elsewhere. ideal blackbody See blackbody. ideal radiator See blackbody. ideal spectrum A frequency distribution in which a pure tone appears as a vertical line due to perfectly sharp filtering. ideation The mental process(es) through which ideas are formed. ideational fluency The ability to generate a number of ideas on a given topic. ident Aviation. Communication Protocol. A re- quest for a pilot to activate the aircraft trans- ponder identification feature. This will help the controller to confirm an aircraft identity or to identify an aircraft. ident feature A special feature in the Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System (ATCRBS) equipment. It is used to immediately distinguish one dis- played beacon target from other beacon tar- gets. identification (1) A mental mechanism by which an indi- vidual unconsciously takes as his or her own characteristics, postures, achievements, or other identifying traits of other persons or groups. (2) The official legends "For Official Use Only" and "U.S. Government," and other legends showing either the full name of the department, establishment, corporation, or agency by which it is used, if such title readily identifies the department, establishment, cor- poration, or agency concerned. identification lamps Lamps used to identify certain types of com- mercial motor vehicles. identified As used in reference to a conductor or its ter- minal, means that such conductor or terminal can be readily recognized as grounded. idiopathic A disease of unknown origin or cause. idiosyncratic error A type of human error due to peculiarities of an individual's characteristics, such as atti- tudes, social problems, or emotional state. idle thrust The jet thrust obtained with the engine power control level set at the stop for the least thrust position at which it can be placed. ©2000 CRC Press LLC idle time A temporal interval, excluding standby time, during which a worker, a piece of equipment, or a system is at the workplace, but not pro- ducing output, regardless of the cause. See also delay time. IDLH See immediately dangerous to life and health. IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engi- neers. IEMG See integrated electromyogram. IES Illuminating Engineering Society. IF See intermediate fix. if no transmission received for (time) Aviation. Communication Protocol. Used by Air Traffic Control (ATC) in radar ap- proaches to prefix procedures which should be followed by the pilot in the event of lost communications. IFR See instrument flight rules. IFS See in-flight survey. ignitable Capable of burning or causing fire. ignitable waste A waste that poses a fire hazard during rou- tine storage, handling, or disposal. ignition The introduction of some external spark, flame, or glowing object that initiates self- sustained combustion. ignition temperature (1) The lowest temperature that will cause a gas/vapor to ignite and burn independent of the heating source. (2) The lowest tempera- ture at which sustained combustion for a volatile substance will occur when heated in air or another specified oxidizing environ- ment. ignitor A device containing a specifically arranged charge of ready burning composition, usually black powder, used to amplify the initiation of a primer. IH Industrial hygienist or industrial hygiene. ileitis Inflammation of the ileum, or lower portion of the small intestine. It may result from infec- tion, obstruction, severe irritation, or faulty absorption of material through the intestinal walls. A specific type of inflammation of un- known cause involving the small and large intestines is known as regional ileitis, regional enteritis, or Crohn's disease. The advanced stage is marked by hardening, thickening, and ulceration of parts of the bowel lining. An obstruction may cause the development of a fistula. A common symptom of ileitis is pain in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen or around the umbilicus. Other symptoms in- clude loss of appetite, loss of weight, anemia, and diarrhea, which may alternate with peri- ods of constipation. ileus Intestinal obstruction, especially failure of peristalsis. The condition frequently accom- panies peritonitis and usually results from disturbances in neural stimulation of the bowel. iliac crest The lateral, superior rim of the coxal bone. iliac spine A projection from the coxal bone at the ante- rior portion of the iliac crest. iliocristale height The vertical distance from the floor or other reference surface to the highest point of the iliac crest in the midaxillary plane. Measured with the individual standing erect and his/her weight equally balanced on both feet. iliospinale The most anterior point on the iliac spine. iliospinale height The vertical distance from the floor or other reference surface to iliospinale. Measured with the individual standing erect and his/her weight evenly distributed between both feet. illegally obtained evidence Evidence which is obtained in violation of a defendant's rights because officers had no ©2000 CRC Press LLC warrant and no probable cause to arrest or be- cause the warrant was defective and no valid grounds existed for seizure without a warrant. illiteracy Having no ability to read and write. illness (1) A condition or pronounced deviation from the normal health state; sickness. Illness can be the result of disease or injury. (2) Sick- ness, disease, or disorder of body or mind. illness incident rate The number of annual occupational illnesses experienced by a company in one year, based on 100 full-time employees. Expressed as: illuminance The amount of light falling on a surface. Il- luminance is expressed in units of foot- candles or lux. illuminance category An alphabetic character, ranging from A through H, representing illumination ranges for various types of work such that the further the letter is from A, the brighter the light. illuminance meter A device, composed of a photodetector, filter, and electronic circuitry, for measuring the lu- minous flux incident on a plane. illuminance threshold That lowest luminance level which the eye or other image sensor is capable of detecting, given a specified luminance contrast, position within the field of view, dark adaptation, flicker rate, source dimensions, and color. illuminant Any light source or combination of flight sources. illuminant A A standard CIE illuminant corresponding to a typical tungsten filament incandescent lamp. illuminant B A standard CIE illuminant corresponding to direct sunlight. illuminant C A standard CIE illuminant corresponding to average daylight. illuminant D A series of standard CIE illuminants corre- sponding to a daylight which measures be- yond the normal visible spectrum. illuminate To distribute or provide light to an area or region. illumination The density of light flux incident upon a sur- face. illusion A perceptual misinterpretation of a stimulus. ILO International Labor Organization (of the United Nations). IM See inner marker. image (1) The sum of the perceptions by an individ- ual, group, or population about itself or an- other entity. (2) An electronic or photo- graphic representation of one or more entities. (3) A subjective sensory experience, espe- cially in the visual modality. image analysis Any computer or other electronic processing to quantify an image, usually with the intent of deriving some statistically based conclu- sions. image enhancement That electronic or other processing to improve the resolution, features, or other quality of an electronic or photographic image. image processing Any type of computer-based alteration of the data representing an image, including en- hancement, analysis, and reconstruction. image reconstruction The process of re-working data for image en- hancement. IMC See instrument meteorological conditions. immaterial evidence Evidence which lacks probative weight and is unlikely to influence the tribunal in resolving I IR = N o. of illnesses x 200,000 N o. of man-hours worked ©2000 CRC Press LLC the issue before it. Such evidence is com- monly objected to by opposing counsel, and disallowed by the court. immaterial facts Those which are not essential to the right of action or defense. immaterial issue In pleading, an issue taken on an immaterial point; that is, a point not proper to decide the action. immediate cause The last of a series or chain of causes tending to a given result, and which, of itself, and without the intervention of any further cause, directly produces the result or event. A cause may be immediate in this sense, and yet not "proximate," and, conversely, the proximate cause (that which directly and efficiently brings about the result) may not be immedi- ate. The familiar illustration is that of a drunken man falling into the water and drowning. His intoxication is considered the proximate cause of his death, if it can be said that he would not have fallen into the water when sober; but the immediate cause of death is suffocation by drowning. See also proxi- mate cause. immediate danger The definition of "immediate danger" as part of the humanitarian doctrine contemplates that there be some inexorable circumstance, situa- tion, or agency bearing down on the plaintiff with reasonable probability of danger prior to the negligent act of the defendant. immediately Aviation. Communication Protocol. Used by Air Traffic Control (ATC) when such action compliance is required to avoid an imminent situation. immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH) The maximum level to which a healthy indi- vidual can be exposed to a chemical for thirty minutes and escape without suffering irre- versible health effects or impairing symptoms. For example, some materials such as hydro- gen fluoride gas and cadmium vapor may produce immediate transient effects that, even if severe, may pass without medical attention, but are followed by sudden, possibly fatal collapse 12-72 hours after exposure. The vic- tim "feels normal" after recovery from tran- sient effects until collapse. Such materials in hazardous quantities are considered to be "immediately" dangerous to life or health. immersion foot That damage to the skin, blood, vessels, and nerves of the feet resulting from prolonged exposure to water at temperatures between freezing and approximately 60°F. imminent danger Any conditions or practices in a place of em- ployment which are such that danger exists which could reasonably be expected to cause death or serious physical harm immediately or before the imminence of such danger can be eliminated. imminent hazard (1) General. A hazardous situation, condition, or circumstance the nature of which poses a serious and imminent threat to human health or the environment. If actions are not taken to immediately correct or stop the hazard cause, the results could be catastrophic. (2) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act. A situation which exists when the continued use of a pesticide during the time required for cancellation proceedings would be likely to result in unreasonable adverse effects on the environment or will involve unreasonable hazard to the survival of a species declared endangered or threatened by the Secretary of Agriculture pursuant to the Endangered Spe- cies Act of 1973. imminently hazardous chemical substance or mixture A chemical substance or mixture which pre- sents an imminent and unreasonable risk of serious or widespread injury to health or to the environment. Such a risk to health or the environment shall be considered imminent if it is shown that the manufacture, processing, distribution in commerce, use, or disposal of the chemical substance or mixture, or that any combination of such activities, is likely to re- sult in such injury to health or the environ- ment. immiscible Not capable of being uniformly mixed or blended. ©2000 CRC Press LLC immune Not affected or responsive. Not susceptible to a particular disease. immunity Not susceptible. Biologically, immunity is usually to a specific infectious agent and is one result of infection. The quality or condi- tion of being immune. An inherited, acquired, or induced condition to a specific pathogen. The power of the body to successfully resist infection and the effects of toxins. immunoassay The measurement of an antigen-antibody in- teraction. immunodeficient Lacking in the ability to produce antibodies in response to an antigen. immunoglobulin Serum globulin having antibody activity. Most of the antibody activity apparently re- sides in the gamma fraction of globulin. immunotoxin An antibody to the toxin of a microorganism, zootoxin (spider or bee toxin), or phytotoxin (toxin from a plant) which combines specifi- cally with the toxin, resulting in the neutrali- zation of its toxicity. IMO See International Maritime Organization. impact A rapid transmission of physical momentum from one object to another in a mechanical system. impact acceleration An acceleration lasting less than one second. impact acceleration profile A graphical display or plot of the deceleration sequence experienced by a vehicle in a crash. impact analysis A subjective technique for attempting to quantify the positive and negative aspects of a system or plan. impact attenuation The reduction in impulsive forces due to cushioning or other means of spreading out the forces in space or time. impact biodynamics See biodynamics. impact load A force implemented by a rapid blow. impact noise Variations in the noise level such that the maximum noise level occurs at intervals of greater than one second. impact strength The impulse energy required to fracture a material. impact velocity The velocity at which one object strikes an- other. impaction The forcible contact of particles with a sur- face. The cascade impactor is a device that operates on this principle. impactor An object which makes contact with another body or structure. impairment Any dysfunction in which one or more body systems or subsystems are not capable of functioning to the degree considered normal. impartial expert A wit nes s ap p oi nt ed by trib un al fo r an un bi - ased op i ni on on a matt er ad dres s ed t o t he co urt. impedance Obstruction or opposition to passage or flow, as of an electric current or other form of en- ergy. See also electrical impedance. imperial gallon A British gallon, slightly larger than the U.S. gallon (an older term). impermeable Not capable of being permeated or not allow- ing substances to pass through the openings or interstices of the material. impetigo A skin disease characterized by pustules and caused by streptococci, often in association with staphylococci. The disease occurs most frequently in children, especially in very young infants because of their low resistance. It is spread by direct contact with the moist discharges of the lesions. impingement The process by which particulate material in air is collected by passing the air through a ©2000 CRC Press LLC nozzle or jet and impinging the air-particle mixture onto a surface that is immersed in a liquid, such as water. The particles are re- tained in the liquid. The midget and Green- burg-Smith impingers are examples of in- struments using this principle of dust collec- tion. impinger A sampling device used to collect airborne particulates. The midget impinger and the Greenburg-Smith impinger were widely used types. implementation allowance That time allowance provided for workers in beginning new techniques or changing to a different method to prevent them from losing income during the change. implosion A violent inward collapse of an item, such as an evacuated glass vessel. importance A subjective rating of greater worth, neces- sity, or regard relative to other items or func- tions. importance principle A rule stating that displays and controls with the greatest operational importance should be placed in optimum locations with regard to convenient access and visibility. imports Receipts of goods into the 50 states and the District of Columbia from foreign countries and from Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and other U.S. possessions and territories. impounding space A volume of space formed by dikes and floors which is designed to confine a spill of hazard- ous liquid. impounding system Includes an impounding space, including dikes and floors for conducting the flow of spilled hazardous liquids to an impounding space. impoundment A body of water or sludge confined by a dam, dike, floodgate, or other barrier. imprecision That variance due to measurement error from repeated measurements within a short period of time, and which are attributed to measure- ment process only. impression (1) An indentation or dent. (2) A negative copy or counterpart of some object made by bringing into contact with the object, with varying degrees of pressure, some plastic material that later becomes solidified. (3) An effect on the mind or senses produced by ex- ternal objects. improbable In terms of probability of hazard or mishap occurrence, a hazard or event whose occur- rence is so unlikely during the life of an item or system, it can be assumed that the hazard will not occur. improper loading Maritime Safety. Loading, including weight shifting, of a vessel causing instability, lim- ited maneuverability, or dangerously reduced freeboard. improper lookout Maritime Safety. No proper watch; the failure of the operator to perceive danger because no one was serving as lookout, or the person so serving failed in that regard. impulse (1) A human urge based more on emotional than cognitive factors and without significant consideration of possible consequences. (2) The area under the curve of a force for the brief time duration of the force application. impulsive force See impact. impulsive noise An acoustic event characterized by very short rise time and duration. impurity Chemicals. (1) A chemical that remains in a product that is distributed in commerce. (2) A chemical substance which is unintentionally present in another chemical substance. imputed negligence The negligence of one person may be charge- able to another depending upon the relation- ship of the parties. For example, the negli- gence of an agent acting within the scope of his/her employment is chargeable to the prin- cipal. ©2000 CRC Press LLC in Inch. in 2 Square inch or square inches. in 3 Cubic inch or cubic inches. in bulk The transportation, as cargo, of property, ex- cept Class A and B explosives and poison gases, in containment systems with capacities in excess of 3,500 water gallons. in draft Maritime Navigation. Current moving across the lock entrance toward the shore. in-out racks Maritime. Dry land boat storage on a vertical rack system. in phase Pertaining to waveforms having the same fre- quency and which are at the same point in their respective cycles at the same time. in shape Maritime Navigation. Term used when a tow is properly aligned for entering a lock or passing through a narrow channel or opening between bridge piers. in situ In its original place. in-stream use Water use taking place within a stream chan- nel, e.g., hydroelectric power generation, navigation, water quality. in the marks Maritime Navigation. Proceeding along the channel line as described in the channel re- port. Well on the line (imaginary) running from one mark to the other or from one light to the other. in-use mile per gallon (mpg) A miles per gallon (mpg) that was adjusted for seasonal fluctuations and annual miles traveled. in vitro (1) "In glass" (a test-tube culture). (2) Any laboratory test using living cells taken from an organism. Refers to an experiment or pro- cedure that is observable with a test tube, other laboratory equipment, or an artificial environment. in vivo In the living body of a plant or animal, in vivo tests are those laboratory experiments carried out on whole animals or human volunteers. inaccessible Incapable of being reached or entered by a human, a human body part, a remotely oper- ated system, or a tool for retrieval or repair of a system or subsystem. inactive aircraft All legally registered civil aircraft which flew zero hours. inactive window In computing, an open, perceptually and functionally available window which must be activated before the user may work within it. inadequate damages Damages are referred to as "inadequate" (within the rule that an injunction will not be granted where adequate damages at law could be recovered for the injury sought) when such a recovery at law would not compensate the parties and place them in the position in which they formerly stood. inapparent infection Infection without recognizable clinical signs or symptoms. inboard-outboard U.S. Coast Guard. Regarded as inboard be- cause the power unit is located inside the boat. Also referred to as inboard/outdrive. incandescence The emission of light and other forms of electromagnetic energy due solely to heating a source material. incandescent lamp A light source derived from incandescence, usually from electrical heating of a filament within a sealed bulb. incapacitated person Any person who is impaired by reason of mental illness, mental deficiency, physical ill- ness or disability, advanced age, chronic use of drugs, chronic intoxication, or other cause (except minority) to the extent that he/she lacks sufficient understanding or capacity to ©2000 CRC Press LLC make or communicate responsible decisions concerning his/her person. incendiary A material that is primarily used to start fires. incendive spark A spark of sufficient temperature and energy to ignite a flammable vapor/gas. incentive Any condition which motivates behavior to obtain a reward or avoid punishment. incentive operators Those employees whose wages are deter- mined either entirely or in part by the quality and/or quantity of their output. incentive pace The performance level of a worker under in- centive conditions and without excess fatigue. incentive plan Any procedure by which an organization at- tempts to promote increased productivity. incerfa (uncertainty phase) Aviation. A situation wherein uncertainty exists as to the safety of an aircraft and its oc- cupants. inch A unit of length in the English system, equal to 2.54 cm in the metric system. inch of mercury A unit used in measuring or expressing pres- sure. One inch of mercury pressure is equivalent to 0.491 pounds per square inch. inches of water A pressure term. One inch of water is equal to 0.0735 inches of mercury, or 0.036 pounds per square inch (psi). Atmospheric pressure at standard conditions is 407 inches water gauge (w.g.). incidence Number of new cases of diseases within a specified period of time. incidence (or incident) rate For OSHA recordkeeping purposes, the num- ber of injuries, illnesses, or lost workdays re- lated to a common exposure base of 100 full- time workers (working 40 hours per week, 50 weeks per year). incident (1) General. An occurrence, happening, or energy transfer that results from either posi- tive or negative influencing events and may be classified as an accident, mishap, near- miss, or none of them, depending on the level and degree of the negative or positive out- come. (2 ) T r a n s p o r t a t i o n . C o l l i s i o n s , d e r a i l - m e n t s , p e r s o n a l c a s u a l t i e s , f i r e s , a n d p r o p e r t y d a m a g e i n e x c e s s o f $ 1 0 0 0 , a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t r a n s i t a g e n c y r e v e n u e v e h i c l e s ; a l l o t h e r f a - c i l i t i e s o n t h e t r a n s i t p r o p e r t y ; a n d s e r v i c e v e - h i c l e s , m a i n t e n a n c e a r e a s , a n d r i g h t s - o f - w a y . incident reporting thresholds Transit. For an incident to be reportable, it must involve a transit vehicle or occur on transit property, and result in death, injury, or property damage in excess of $1,000. incidental damages Any commercially reasonable charges, ex- penses, or commissions incurred as a result of the stopping of a delivery; in the transporta- tion, care and custody of goods after the buyer's breach; in connection with the return or resale of the goods; or otherwise resulting from the breach. Also, such damages, result- ing from a seller's breach of contract, include expenses reasonably incurred in inspection, receipt, transportation, and care and custody of goods rightfully rejected, any commercially reasonable charges, expenses, or commissions in connection with effecting cover and any other reasonable expense incident to the delay or other breach. incidental element See irregular element. incidental learning The acquisition of information or skills as a byproduct of one's simple presence or through other, unrelated activities. incidental vibration Any unintended vibration (an older term). incineration (1) Burning of certain types of solid, liquid, or gaseous materials. (2) A treatment technol- ogy destruction of waste by controlled burn- ing at high temperatures, e.g., burning sludge to remove the water and reduce the remaining residues to a safe, nonflammable ash which can be disposed of safely on land, in some waters, or in underground locations. [...]... Plague 3 6 3 6 Pneumonia, bacterial 1 3 1 3 Puerperal infection 1 3 1 3 Rabies 14 – 42 10 - 180 Relapsing fever (tick) 3 6 2 – 12 Relapsing fever (louse) 7 5 – 12 Rocky Mountain spotted fever 3 – 10 3 – 10 Scabies 1–2 1–2 Scarlet fever 2–5 2–5 Smallpox 12 7 – 21 Syphilis 21 10 – 90 Tetanus 4 – 21 4 – 21 Tuberculosis variable variable Tularemia 3 1 – 10 Typhoid fever 7 – 14 3 – 38 Yellow Fever 3 6 3 6... the sides of the runway and inner-approach OFZ and applies only to precision instrument runways The innertransitional surface OFZ slopes 3 (horizontal) to 1 (vertical) out from the edges of the runway OFZ and inner-approach OFZ to a height of 150 feet above the established airport elevation See also obstacle free zone innervation The distribution of nerves or neurons to all or some portion of the body... local areas and commercial zones intercostal Between the ribs interdigital crotch That region of soft tissue between each pair of digits on the hand or foot The pair of digits being referred to should be specified when using this term interest, long-term debt and capital leases Interest on all classes of debt, both short-term and long-term, as well as the amortization of premium, discount and expense... goods and/ or passengers using an IWT vessel on a given inland waterways network inland waterways passenger transport link The combination of the place of embarkment and the place of disembarking of the passenger conveyed by inland waterways whichever itinerary is followed inland waterways traffic Any movement on an inland waterways transport (IWT) vessel on a given network inland waterways transit Inland... index of physiological effects A measure of heat stress index of refraction The value of the ratio of the velocity of electromagnetic radiation in one medium relative to another medium A constant for a given pair of media and a given wavelength index of relative strain A measure of heat stress based on clothing insulation and clothing effects on evaporation index of thermal stress An indicator of the... value of clothing insulin A sulfur-containing hormone produced by the pancreas of vertebrates This hormone stimulates the conversion of glucose to glyco- gen and fat An insulin deficiency results in excess blood sugar and causes the condition diabetes mellitus Various preparations of insulin are used in the treatment of this illness Types of insulin vary in the rapidity of action and the duration of effectiveness... the common route and/ or the non-common route begins or ends inland waters of the United States Those waters of the United States lying inside the baseline from which the territorial sea is measured and those waters outside such baseline which are a part of the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway See also inland waterway of the United States inland waterway convoy One or more non-powered inland waterways transport... regarded as passengers inland waterways passenger-kilometer Unit of measure representing the transport of one passenger by inland waterway over one kilometer ©2000 CRC Press LLC inland zone The environment inland of the coastal zone excluding the Great Lakes, Lake Champlain, and specified ports and harbors on inland rivers The term inland zone delineates an area of federal responsibilities for response actions... as a result of nuclear reactions that involve the formation of unstable nuclei industrial hygiene (IH) The art and science of anticipating, recognizing, evaluating, and controlling occupational and environmental health hazards in the work place and the surrounding community induction (1) The generation of an electrical current by a change in magnetic flux in a conductor (2) The alteration of a perception... employee of an employer, and includes reinspection, follow-up inspection, accident investigation, or other inspection conducted under Section 8(a) of the Occupational Safety and Health Act (3) Law To examine; scrutinize; investigate; look into; check over; or view for the purpose of ascertaining the quality, authenticity, or conditions of an item, product, document, residence, business, etc inspection and . Vincoli, Jeffrey W. "I-P" Lewis' Dictionary of Occupational and Environmental Safety and Health Edited by Jeffrey W. Vincoli Boca Raton: CRC Press. as to meet balance of payments estima- tion needs. The IFS covers about 70% of U.S. carriers and 35 % of foreign carriers who vol- untarily choose to participate. inflow Entry of extraneous rain. negligence The negligence of one person may be charge- able to another depending upon the relation- ship of the parties. For example, the negli- gence of an agent acting within the scope of his/her employment