ASM Metals Handbook - Desk Edition (ASM_ 1998) WW part 6 pdf

indicates that yield and tensile strengths are virtually identical from room temperature to 600 °C (1100 °F), but that ductility is moderately lower in cast material. Hot hardness of cast H13 is higher than that of wrought H13 at temperatures above about 300 °C (about 600 °F); this hardness advantage increases with temperature and measures about eight points on the HRC scale at 650 °C (1200 °F). Because cast dies exhibit uniform properties in all directions, no problem of directionality (anisotropy) exists. Dimensional control of castings is very consistent after an initial die is made and any necessary corrections are incorporated in the pattern. Reasonable finishing allowances are 0.25 to 0.38 mm (0.010 to 0.015 in.) on the impression faces, 0.8 to 1.6 mm ( to in.) at the parting line of the mold, and 1.6 to 3.2 mm ( to in.) on the back and outside surfaces. The hot-work tool steels most commonly cast include H12, H13, H21, and H25. Specialty Tool Steels Through-Hardening Stainless Steels. Type 420 martensitic stainless steel (and modifications of this alloy) is commonly used for injection molds for all thermoplastic materials. It is particularly adaptable for molding vinyls or other corrosive plastics, or when the atmospheric or storage conditions are unusually severe, because it does not require chromium plating to resist these types of corrosive attack. Other stainless steels used for plastic molds include type 414, free-machining grade 420F, and Elmax, a high-hardness (58 to 60 HRC) wear-resistant P/M grade. Chemical compositions of these stainless steels are given in Table 8. Table 8 Chemical compositions of martensitic stainless steel plastic mold materials Composition, wt% Alloy C Si Mn Cr Ni Mo V S 414 0.15 1.0 1.0 12.5 1.9 . . . . . . . . . 420 mod 0.38 0.9 0.5 13.6 . . . . . . 0.3 . . . 420F mod 0.33 0.35 1.4 16.7 . . . . . . . . . 0.12 Elmax (a) 1.7 0.8 0.3 17.0 . . . 1.0 3.0 . . . (a) P/M stainless steel produced by hot isostatic pressing of gas-atomized stainless steel powder Type 440C martensitic stainless steel, both in wrought and P/M versions, is also used for some cold-work applications. CPM 440V is a high-vanadium, high-chromium tool steel for applications requiring both high wear resistance and good corrosion resistance. The composition of this material (Table 7) is essentially that of wrought type 440C to which about 5.75% V and increased carbon have been added to improve wear resistance. Maraging Steels. Certain high-nickel maraging steels are being used for special noncutting tool applications; 18Ni(250) is the type most frequently used. However, for the most demanding applications, the higher-strength 18Ni(300) is often preferred. For applications requiring maximum abrasion resistance, any of the maraging steels can be nitrided. Maraging steels achieve full hardness nominally 500 HRC for 18Ni(250), 54 HRC for 18Ni(300), and 58 HRC for 18Ni(350) by a simple aging treatment, usually 3 h at about 480 °C (900 °F). Because hardening does not depend on cooling rate, full hardness can be developed uniformly in massive sections, with almost no distortion. Decarburization is of no concern in these alloys because they do not contain carbon as an alloying element. If the long-time service temperature exceeds the aging temperature, maraging steels overage with a significant drop in hardness. The 18Ni(250) grade is used for aluminum die-casting dies and cores, aluminum hot forging dies, dies for molding plastics, and various support tooling used in extrusion of aluminum. In die casting of aluminum, maraging steel dies can be used at higher hardness than is possible for dies made of H13 tool steel because maraging steel is not as prone to heat checking. Because the aging process results in very little size change, it is possible to machine the intricate impressions for plastic molding dies to final size prior to final hardening. For molding extremely abrasive types of plastics, the higher surface hardness provided by 18Ni(300) maraging steel is desirable. Wrought Stainless Steels: Selection and Application Introduction STAINLESS STEELS are iron-base alloys that contain a minimum of approximately 11% Cr, the amount needed to prevent the formation of rust in unpolluted atmospheres (hence the designation stainless). Few stainless steels contain more than 30% Cr or less than 50% Fe. They achieve their stainless characteristics through the formation of an invisible and adherent chromium-rich oxide surface film. This oxide forms and heals itself in the presence of oxygen. Other elements added to improve particular characteristics include nickel, molybdenum, copper, titanium, aluminum, silicon, niobium, nitrogen, sulfur, and selenium. Carbon is normally present in amounts ranging from less than 0.03% to over 1.0% in certain martensitic grades. Figure 1 provides a useful summary of some of the compositional and property linkages in the stainless steel family. Fig. 1 Compositional and property linkages in the stainless steel family of alloys Production of stainless steels is a two-stage process involving the melting of scrap and ferro-alloys in an electric-arc furnace followed by refining by oxygen-inert gas injection (argon oxygen decarburization) or oxygen injection under vacuum (vacuum oxygen decarburization) to adjust carbon content and remove impurities. (Both of these processes are described in the Section "Iron and Steelmaking Practices" in this Handbook.) The refined molten metal is then poured into molds to form ingots, followed later by blooming or slabbing, or is poured directly into a continuous casting machine to form slabs, blooms, or billets. Cast ingots can be rolled or forged; and flat products (sheet, strip, and plate) can be produced from continuously cast slabs. The rolled product can be drawn, bent, extruded, or spun. Stainless steels can be further shaped by machining, and they can be joined by welding, brazing, soldering, and adhesive bonding. Stainless steels can also be used as an integral cladding on plain carbon or low-alloy steels, as well as some nonferrous metals and alloys. Stainless steels are used in a wide variety of applications. Most of the structural applications occur in the chemical and power engineering industries, which account for more than a third of the market for stainless steel products (see the following table). These applications include an extremely diversified range of uses, including nuclear reactor vessels, heat exchangers, oil industry tubulars, components for chemical processing and pulp and paper industries, furnace parts, and boilers used in fossil fuel electric power plants. The relative importance of the major fields of application for stainless steel products are as follows: Application Percentage Industrial equipment Chemical and power engineering 34 Food and beverage industry 18 Transportation 9 Architecture 5 Consumer goods Domestic appliances, household utensils 28 Small electrical and electronic appliances 6 Some of these applications involve exposure to either elevated or cryogenic temperatures; austenitic stainless steels (see the following discussion) are well suited to either type of service. Designations for Stainless Steels In the United States, wrought grades of stainless steels are generally designated by the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) numbering system, the Unified Numbering System (UNS), or the proprietary name of the alloy. In addition, designation systems have been established by most of the major industrial nations. Of the two institutional numbering systems used in the U.S., AISI is the older and more widely used. Most of the grades have a three-digit designation; the 200 and 300 series are generally austenitic stainless steels, whereas the 400 series are either ferritic or martensitic. Some of the grades have a one- or two-letter suffix that indicates a particular modification of the composition. The UNS system includes a considerably greater number of stainless steels than AISI because it incorporates all of the more recently developed stainless steels. The UNS designation for a stainless steel consists of the letter S, followed by a five-digit number. For those alloys that have an AISI designation, the first three digits of the UNS designation usually correspond to an AISI number. When the last two digits are 00, the number designates a basic AISI grade. Modifications of the basic grades use two digits other than zeroes. For stainless steels that contain high nickel contents ( 25 to 35% Ni), the UNS designation consists of the letter N followed by a five-digit number. Examples include N08020 (20Cb-3), N08024 (20Mo-4), N08026 (20Mo-6), N08366 (AL-6X), and N08367 (AL-6XN). Although classified as nickel-base alloys by the UNS system, the previously mentioned materials constitute the "superaustenitic" category of stainless steel shown in Fig. 1 and described in the following section "Classification of Stainless Steels." Classification of Stainless Steels Stainless steels can be divided into five families. Four are based on the characteristic crystallographic structure/microstructure of the alloys in the family: martensitic, ferritic, austenitic, or duplex (austenitic plus ferritic). The fifth family, the precipitation-hardenable alloys, is based on the type of heat treatment used, rather than microstructure. Martensitic Stainless Steels Characteristics and Compositions. Martensitic stainless steels are essentially Fe-Cr-C alloys that possess body- centered tetragonal (bct) crystal structure (martensitic) in the hardened condition. They are ferromagnetic, hardenable by heat treatments, and generally resistant to corrosion only in relatively mild environments. Chromium content is generally in the range of 10.5 to 18%, and carbon content can exceed 1.2%. The chromium and carbon contents are balanced to ensure a martensitic structure. Elements such as niobium, silicon, tungsten, and vanadium can be added to modify the tempering response after hardening. Small amounts of nickel can be added to improve corrosion resistance in some media and to improve toughness. Sulfur or selenium is added to some grades to improve machinability. Table 1 provides chemical compositions for standard (AISI) and nonstandard grades. Table 1 Chemical compositions of martensitic stainless steels Composition (a) , % UNS No. Type/designation C Mn Si Cr Ni P S Other Standard (AISI) grades S40300 403 0.15 1.00 0.50 11.5- 13.0 . . . 0.04 0.03 . . . S41000 410 0.15 1.00 1.00 11.5- 13.5 . . . 0.04 0.03 . . . S41400 414 0.15 1.00 1.00 11.5- 13.5 1.25- 2.50 0.04 0.03 . . . S41600 416 0.15 1.25 1.00 12.0- 14.0 . . . 0.06 0.15 min 0.6 Mo (b) S41623 416Se 0.15 1.25 1.00 12.0- 14.0 . . . 0.06 0.06 0.15 min Se S42000 420 0.15 min 1.00 1.00 12.0- 14.0 . . . 0.04 0.03 . . . S42020 420F 0.15 min 1.25 1.00 12.0- 14.0 . . . 0.06 0.15 min 0.6 Mo (b) S42200 422 0.20- 0.25 1.00 0.75 11.5- 13.5 0.5-1.0 0.04 0.03 0.75-1.25 Mo; 0.75-1.25 W; 0.15-0.3 V S43100 431 0.20 1.00 1.00 15.0- 17.0 1.25- 2.50 0.04 0.03 . . . S44002 40A 0.60- 0.75 1.00 1.00 16.0- 18.0 . . . 0.04 0.03 0.75 Mo S44003 440B 0.75- 0.95 1.00 1.00 16.0- 18.0 . . . 0.04 0.03 0.75 Mo S44004 440C 0.95- 1.20 1.00 1.00 16.0- 18.0 . . . 0.04 0.03 0.75 Mo Nonstandard grades S41008 Type 410S 0.08 1.00 1.00 11.5- 13.5 0.60 0.040 0.030 . . . S41040 Type 410 Cb (XM-30) 0.15 1.00 1.00 11.5- 13.5 . . . 0.040 0.030 0.05-0.20 Nb DIN 1.4935 (c) HT9 0.17- 0.23 0.30- 0.80 0.10- 0.50 11.0- 12.5 0.30- 0.80 0.035 0.035 0.80-1.20 Mo; 0.25-0.35 V; 0.4-0.6 W S41610 416 Plus X (XM-6) 0.15 1.5-2.5 1.00 12.0- 14.0 . . . 0.060 0.15 min 0.6 Mo S41800 Type 418 (Greek Ascolloy) 0.15- 0.20 0.50 0.50 12.0- 14.0 1.8-2.2 0.040 0.030 2.5-3.5 W S42010 TrimRite 0.15- 0.30 1.00 1.00 13.5- 15.0 0.25- 1.00 0.040 0.030 0.40-1.00 Mo S42023 Type 429 F Se 0.3-0.4 1.25 1.00 12.0- 14.0 . . . 0.060 0.060 0.15 min Se; 0.6 Zr; 0.6 Cu S42300 Lapelloy 0.27- 0.32 0.95- 1.35 0.50 11.0- 12.0 0.50 0.025 0.025 2.5-3.0 Mo; 0.2-0.3 V S44020 Type 440 F 0.95- 1.20 1.25 1.00 16.0- 18.0 0.75 0.040 0.10- 0.35 0.08 N S44023 Type 440 F Se 0.95- 1.20 1.25 1.00 16.0- 18.0 0.75 0.040 0.030 0.15 min Se; 0.60 Mo (a) Single values are maximum values unless otherwise indicated. (b) Optional. (c) German (DIN) specification Properties and Applications. The most commonly used alloy within the martensitic stainless steel family is type 410, which contains approximately 12 wt% Cr and 0.1 wt% C to provide strength. The carbon level and, consequently, strength increase in the 420, 440A, 440B, and 440C alloy series. The latter three alloys, in particular, have an increased chromium level in order to maintain corrosion resistance. Molybdenum can be added to improve mechanical properties or corrosion resistance, as it is in type 422 stainless steel. Nickel can be added for the same reasons in types 414 and 431. When higher chromium levels are used to improve corrosion resistance, nickel also serves to maintain the desired microstructure and to prevent excessive free ferrite. The limitations on the alloy content required to maintain the desired fully martensitic structure restrict the obtainable corrosion resistance to moderate levels. In the annealed condition, martensitic stainless steels have a tensile yield strength of approximately 275 MPa (40 ksi) and can be moderately hardened by cold working. However, martensitic alloys are typically heat treated by both hardening and tempering to yield strength levels up to 1900 MPa (275 ksi), depending primarily on carbon level. These alloys have good ductility and toughness properties, which decrease as strength increases. Depending on the heat treatment, hardness values range from approximately 150 HB (80 HRB) for materials in the annealed condition to levels greater than 600 HB (58 HRC) for fully hardened materials. Martensitic stainless steels are specified when the application requires good tensile strength, creep, and fatigue strength properties, in combination with moderate corrosion resistance and heat resistance up to approximately 650 °C (1200 °F). In the United States, low- and medium-carbon martensitic steels (for example, type 410 and modified versions of this alloy) have been used primarily in steam turbines, jet engines, and gas turbines. In Europe, alloy HT9 (12Cr-1Mo-0.3V) has been widely used in elevated-temperature, pressure-containment applications, including steam piping and steam generator reheater and superheater tubing used in fossil fuel power plants. Type 420 and similar alloys are used in cutlery, valve parts, gears, shafts, and rollers. Other applications for higher carbon-level grades (type 440 grades) include cutlery, surgical and dental instruments, scissors, springs, valves, gears, shafts, cams, and ball bearings. Ferritic Stainless Steels Characteristics and Compositions. Ferritic stainless steels are essentially iron-chromium alloys with body-centered cubic (bcc) crystal structures. Chromium content is usually in the range of 11 to 30%. Some grades may contain molybdenum, silicon, aluminum, titanium, and niobium to confer particular characteristics. Sulfur or selenium can be added to improve machinability. Table 2 lists compositions of ferritic stainless steels. Table 2 Chemical compositions of ferritic stainless steels Composition (a) , wt% UNS No. Type/designation C Cr Mo Ni N Other First-generation alloys S42900 429 0.12 14.0-16.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . S43000 430 0.12 16.0-18.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . S43020 430F 0.12 16.0-18.0 0.6 . . . . . . 0.06 P; 0.15 min S S43023 430FSe 0.12 16.0-18.0 . . . . . . . . . 0.15 min Se S43400 434 0.12 16.0-18.0 0.75-1.25 . . . . . . . . . S43600 436 0.12 16.0-18.0 0.75-1.25 . . . . . . Nb + Ta = 5 × %C min S44200 442 0.20 18.0-23.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . S44600 446 0.20 23.0-27.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . Second-generation alloys S40500 405 0.08 11.5-14.5 . . . . . . . . . 0.10-0.30 Al S40900 409 0.08 10.5-11.75 . . . 0.5 . . . Ti = 6 × C min to 0.75 max . . . 409Cb 0.02 (b) 12.5 (b) . . . 0.2 (b) . . . 0.4 Nb (b) S44100 441 0.02 (b) 18.0 (b) . . . 0.3 (b) . . . 0.7 Nb (b) , 0.3 Ti (b) . . . AL433 0.02 (b) 19.0 (b) . . . 0.3 (b) . . . 0.4 Nb (b) , 0.5 Si (b) , 0.4 Cu (b) . . . AL446 0.01 (b) 11.5 (b) . . . 0.2 (b) . . . 0.2 Nb (b) , 0.1 Ti (b) . . . AL468 0.01 (b) 18.2 (b) . . . 0.2 (b) . . . 0.2 Nb (b) , 0.1 Ti (b) . . . YUS436S 0.01 (b) 17.4 (b) 1.2 (b) . . . . . . 0.2 Ti (b) S43035 439 0.07 17.00-19.00 . . . 0.5 . . . Ti = 0.20 + 4 (C + N) min to 1.0 max . . . 12SR 0.2 12.0 . . . . . . . . . 1.2 Al; 0.3 Ti . . . 18SR 0.04 18.0 . . . . . . . . . 2.0 Al; 0.4 Ti K41970 406 0.06 12.0-14.0 . . . 0.5 . . . 2.75-4.25 Al; 0.6 Ti UNS No. Type/designation C Cr Fe Mo Ni N Other Third-generation alloys S44626 26-1Ti 0.02 26 bal 1 0.25 0.025 0.5Ti S44400 Type 444 0.02 18 bal 2 0.4 0.02 0.5Ti S44660 SEA-CURE 0.02 27.5 bal 3.4 1.7 0.025 0.5Ti S44635 Nu Monit 0.025 25 bal 4 4 0.025 0.4Ti S44735 AL 29-4C 0.030 29 bal 4 1.0 0.045 (Nb + Ti) S44726 E-Brite 26-1 0.002 26 bal 1 0.1 0.01 0.1Nb S44800 AL 29-4-2 0.005 29 bal 4 2 0.01 . . . . . . SHOMAC 26-4 0.003 26 bal 4 . . . 0.005 . . . . . . SHOMAC 30-2 0.003 30 bal 2 0.18 0.007 . . . . . . YUS 190L 0.004 19 bal 2 . . . 0.0085 0.15Nb (a) Single values are maximum unless otherwise indicated. (b) Typical value The ferritic alloys are ferromagnetic. They can have good ductility and formability, but high-temperature strengths are relatively poor compared to those of the austenitic grades. Toughness may be somewhat limited at low temperatures and in heavy sections. Unlike the martensitic stainless steels, the ferritic stainless steels cannot be strengthened by heat treatment. Also, because the strain-hardening rates of ferrite are relatively low and cold work significantly lowers ductility, the ferritic stainless steels are not often strengthened by cold work. Properties and Applications. Typical annealed yield and tensile strengths for ferritic stainless steels are 35 to 55 ksi (240 to 380 MPa) and 60 to 85 ksi (415 to 585 MPa), respectively. Ductilities tend to range between 20 and 35%. Higher strengths, up to 75 ksi (515 MPa) for yield strength and 95 ksi (655 MPa) for tensile strength, are obtained in the more highly alloyed "superferritic" steels shown in Fig. 1. Whereas the martensitic stainless steels offer only moderate corrosion resistance, that of the ferritic stainless steels can range from moderate for the low-to-medium, chromium-content alloys to outstanding for the superferritics such as type 444 and UNS No. S44627, S44635, S44660, S44700, and S44800. The low-chromium (11%) alloys, such as types 405 and 409, have fair corrosion and oxidation resistance and good fabricability at low cost. Type 409, the most widely used ferritic stainless steel, has gained wide acceptance for use in automotive exhaust systems. The intermediate-chromium (16 to 18%) alloys include type 430, which resists mild oxidizing acids and organic acids and is used in food-handling equipment, and type 434, which includes a molybdenum addition for improved corrosion resistance and is used for automotive trim. The high-chromium (19 to 30%) alloys, which include types 442 and 446 as well as the superferritics, are used for applications that require a high level of corrosion and oxidation resistance. By controlling interstitial element content via argon oxygen decarburization (AOD) processing, it is possible to produce grades with unusually high chromium and molybdenum (up to 4.5%) contents and very low carbon contents (as low as 0.01%). Such highly alloyed superferritics offer exceptional resistance to localized corrosion induced by exposure to aqueous chlorides. Localized corrosion, such as pitting, crevice corrosion, and stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) are problems that plague many austenitic stainless steels. Therefore, the superferritics are often used in heat exchangers and piping systems for chloride- bearing aqueous solutions and seawater. [...]... -7 3 -1 00 324 47 8 76 127 -1 96 -3 20 365 53 1358 23 74 214 31 -7 3 -1 00 303 -1 96 Alloy -3 20 24 Elongation in 4D, % Reduction of area, % Charpy V-notch strength S21904 (2 1 -6 -9 ) S28200 (1 8-1 8 Plus) 82 325 240 82 79 294 217 197 66 69 237 175 503 73 63 82 325 240 44 68 3 99 97 79 3 16 233 421 61 1027 149 90 77 225 166 75 359 52 69 6 101 53 73 325 240 -1 10 60 7 88 1007 1 46 52 72 289 213 -1 96 Type 384 ft · lbf -7 9... 0.5 0-1 .50 Cu; 0.1 5-0 .35 Nb N080 26 20Mo -6 0.03 1.00 0.50 22.0 26. 00 33.037.20 0.03 0.03 5.0 0 -6 .70 Mo; 2.0 0-4 .00 Cu N08028 Sanicro 28 0.02 2.00 1.00 26. 028.0 29.532.5 0.020 0.015 3. 0-4 .0 Mo; 0. 6- 1 .4 Cu N08 366 AL-6X 0.035 2.00 1.00 20.022.0 23.525.5 0.030 0.030 6. 0-7 .0 Mo N08 367 AL-6XN 0.030 2.00 1.00 20.022.0 23.5025.50 0.040 0.030 6. 0-7 .0 Mo; 0.1 8-0 .25 N N08700 JS-700 0.04 2.00 1.00 19.023.0 24.0 26. 0... 9. 0-1 1.0 0.040 0.030 0.00 3-0 .009 B; 0.7 5-1 .25 Nb; 0.1 5-0 .40 V S2 160 0 Type 2 16 (XM-17) 0.08 7. 5-9 .0 1.00 17.522.0 5. 0-7 .0 0.045 0.030 2. 0-3 .0 Mo; 0.2 5-0 .50 N S2 160 3 Type 2 16 L (XM-18) 0.03 7. 5-9 .0 1.00 17.522.0 7. 5-9 .0 0.045 0.030 2. 0-3 .0 Mo; 0.2 5-0 .50 N S21800 Nitronic 60 0.10 7. 0-9 .0 3.54.5 16. 018.0 8. 0-9 .0 0.040 0.030 0.0 8-0 .18 N S21900 Nitronic 40 (XM-10) 0.08 8. 0-1 0.0 1.00 19.021.5 5. 5-7 .5 0. 060 ... 0.045 0.03 S3 160 0 3 16 0.08 2.0 1.00 16. 018.0 10.014.0 0.045 0.03 2. 0-3 .0 Mo S3 162 0 316F 0.08 2.0 1.00 16. 018.0 10.014.0 0.20 0.10 min 1.7 5-2 .5 Mo S3 160 9 316H 0.040.10 2.0 1.00 16. 018.0 10.014.0 0.045 0.03 2. 0-3 .0 Mo S3 160 3 316L 0.03 2.0 1.00 16. 018.0 10.014.0 0.045 0.03 2. 0-3 .0 Mo S3 165 3 316LN 0.03 2.0 1.00 16. 018.0 10.014.0 0.045 0.03 2. 0-3 .0 Mo; 0.1 0-0 . 16 N S3 165 1 316N 0.08 2.0 1.00 16. 018.0 10.014.0... 5. 0 -6 .5 1.00 16. 018.0 5. 0 -6 .5 0.040 0.180.35 0.5 Mo; 1.7 5-2 .25 Cu S20910 Nitronic 50 (XM-19) 0. 06 4. 0 -6 .0 1.00 20.523.5 11.513.5 0.040 0.030 1. 5-3 .0 Mo; 0. 2-0 .4 N; 0.10.3 Nb; 0. 1-0 .3 V S21400 Tenelon (XM-31) 0.12 14.5 16. 0 0.31.0 17.018.5 0.75 0.045 0.030 0.35 N S21 460 Cryogenic (XM-14) S21500 Tenelon 0.12 14.0 16. 0 1.00 17.019.0 5. 0 -6 .0 0. 060 0.030 0.3 5-0 .50 N Esshete 1250 0.15 5. 5-7 .0 1.20 14.0 16. 0... S43400 434 530(b) 77(b) 365 (b) 53(b) 23(b) 83 S4 360 0 4 36 530(b) 77(b) 365 (b) 53(b) 23(b) 83 S44200 442 515 75 275 40 20 95 S44400 444 415 60 275 40 20 95 S4 460 0 4 46 515 75 275 40 20 95 S4 462 5 E-Brite 2 6- 1 450 65 275 40 22(c) 90 S4 466 0 Sea-cure/SC-1 550 80 380 55 20 100 S44700 2 9-4 550 80 415 60 20 88 S44800 2 9-4 -2 550 80 415 60 20 98 18SR 62 0(b) 90(c) 450(c) 65 (c) 25(e) 90 min(b) Annealed... S15700 PH1 5-7 Mo(h) 165 0 240 1590 230 1 46 HRC (min) S17700 1 7-7 PH(g) 1450 210 1310 190 1 -6 43 HRC (min) S35000 AM-350(i) 1140 165 1000 145 2-8 36 HRC (min) S35500 AM-355(i) 1170 170 1030 150 12 37 HRC (min) S 662 86 A-2 86( j) 89 6- 9 65 12 5-1 40 65 5 95 4-1 5 24 HRC (min) (a) At 0.2% offset 4 (b) Typical values (c) 20% elongation for thicknesses of 1.3 mm (0.050 in.) or less (d) Tempered at 260 °C (500... 14. 0-1 6. 0 5. 0-7 .0 0. 5-1 .0 0.03 0.03 1.2 5-1 .75 Cu; 8 × %C min Nb S45500 Custom 455 0.05 0.50 0.50 11. 0-1 2.5 7. 5-9 .5 0.50 0.04 0.03 1. 5-2 .5 Cu; 0. 8-1 .4 Ti; 0. 1-0 .5 Nb Semiaustenitic types S15700 PH1 5-7 Mo 0.09 1.00 1.00 14. 0-1 6. 0 6. 507.75 2. 0-3 .0 0.04 0.04 0.7 5-1 .50 Al S17700 1 7-7 PH 0.09 1.00 1.00 16. 0-1 8.0 6. 507.75 0.04 0.04 0.7 5-1 .50 Al S35000 AM-350 0.070.11 0.501.25 0.50 16. 0-1 7.0 4. 0-5 .0 2.503.25... 0.03 0.04 1.0 24.027.0 4. 5 -6 .5 2. 9-3 .9 0.100.25 1. 5-2 .5 Cu S32750/39275 2507 0.03 1.2 0.02 0.035 1.0 24.0 26. 0 6. 0-8 .0 3. 0-5 .0 0.240.32 0.5 Cu S32 760 /392 76 Zeron 100 0.03 1.0 0.01 0.03 1.0 24.0 26. 0 6. 0-8 .0 3. 0-4 .0 0.30 0. 5-1 .0 Cu, 0.51.0 W S32900/ Type 329 0. 06 1.00 0.03 0.04 0.75 23.028.0 2. 5-5 .0 1. 0-2 .0 (b) S32950/39295 7 Mo Plus 0.03 2.00 0.01 0.035 0 .60 26. 029.0 3. 5-5 .2 1. 0-2 .5 0.150.35 (a) Certain... 30 S38400 384 41 5-5 50 6 0-8 0 S38500 385 41 5-5 50 6 0-8 0 N08904 904L 490 71 220 31 35 95 N08 366 AL-6X 515 75 205 30 30 S38100 1 8-1 8-2 515 75 205 30 40 96 N08700 JS-700 550 80 205 30 30 40 N08020 20Cb-3 585 85 275 40 30 95 S30453 304LN 515 75 205 30 308L 550(b) 80(b) 207(b) 30(b) 60 (b) 70(b) 312 65 5 95 20 S3 165 3 316LN 515(b) 75(b) 205(b) 30(b) 60 (b) 70(b) S31725 317LM . S20 161 Gall-Tough 0.15 4.0 0- 6. 00 3.0 0- 4.00 15. 0- 18.0 4.0 0- 6. 00 0.040 0.040 0.0 8-0 .20 N S20300 203 EZ (XM-1) 0.08 5. 0 -6 .5 1.00 16. 0- 18.0 5. 0 -6 .5 0.040 0.1 8- 0.35 0.5 Mo; 1.7 5-2 .25. 20. 0- 22.0 3.2 5- 4.50 0.030 0.0 4- 0.09 0.2 8-0 .50 N S63012 2 1-2 N 0.5 0- 0 .60 7. 0-9 .50 0.25 19.2 5- 21.50 1.5 0- 2.75 0.050 0.0 4- 0.09 0.2 0-0 .40 N S63017 2 1-1 2N 0.1 5- 0.25 1.0 0- 1.50. 1.00 16. 0- 18.0 10. 0- 14.0 0.045 0.03 2. 0-3 .0 Mo S3 165 3 316LN 0.03 2.0 1.00 16. 0- 18.0 10. 0- 14.0 0.045 0.03 2. 0-3 .0 Mo; 0.1 0-0 . 16 N S3 165 1 316N 0.08 2.0 1.00 16. 0- 18.0 10. 0- 14.0