MODAL PERFECT 1. Must have + past participle: ắt hẳn là đã (xảy ra trong quá khứ) Ex: I have lost one of my gloves. I must have drooped it somewhere My watch says only ten past six. It must have stopped 2. should(n’t) have + past participle: lẽ ra phải, lẽ ra nên (nhưng thực tế thì không) Ex: You shouldn’t have come to school so late. We didn’t play very well. We should have played better. 3. ought to have + past participle: nên làm một việc gì trong quá khứ Ex: You ought to have asked me before you took my bike. You ought to have been more careful in your exam. 4. needn’t have + past participle: không cần làm một việc gì trong quá khứ Ex: You needn’t have bought her such a precious present. We needn’t have gone to the supermarket. There is enough food at home. 5. can’t/couldn’t have + past participle: ắt hẳn là đã (xảy ra trong quá khứ) Ex: She went to London two days ago. You can’t/couldn’t have seen her yesterday. Tom couldn’t have taken a bus yesterday. There aren’t any buses on Sunday. 6. may/might/could have+ past participle: có lẽ đã Ex: You may/might/could have left your book at school. Someone may/might/could have taken the keys from my bag. 7. would rather have + past participle: ước muốn đã không xảy ra trong quá khứ Ex: The film at the cinema was boring. I would rather have stayed home to watch TV. He studied French at school only because his parents wanted him to. He would rather have studied English EXERCISE 1. Michael wanted to go to the opera, but he put off buying a ticket, and now they’re sold. He (should+buy)…………… his ticket weeks ago. He (should+wait) ……… until now to try to get a ticket. 2. Bob was stopped by a police officer last night. He (must+drive)………… too fast. The police officer gave him a speeding ticket. 3. The staff (must + plan) ……………… very well for the luncheon. There are still about ten peoplewaiting to eat, and there’s not enough food left. 4. A: Where’s your bycycle? B: I don’t know, one of my friend (may + borrow)…………… it. Gee, I hope it wasn’t stolen. Maybe Sally borrowed it. A: Sally? She ( could + borrow) ………………it. She has a broken leg. Why would she want to borrow your bicycle 5. Goerge didn’t do very well on the test because he didn’t understand what he was supposed to do. He (could+ listen)…………. very carefully teacher’s direction. 6. I have no patience with gossips. What I told Bill was a secret. He (should+ repeat) …………….it to you. 7. I don’t know why Jessica wasn’t at the meeting. She (must+forget) ………… about it. 8. Sylvia bought a new sport car. I don’t know how much she paid for it, but it (must + cost) …………….her a lot of money. 9. We had a test in class yesterday. John, who rarely studies and usually fails the test, got score of 95% this time. He (must + study)………… for the test. 10. Mrs. Jenkins has lost some of her hearing. Yesterday the children asked her several times for some cookies, but she didn’t answer. She (must+hear) them Key: 1. should have bought, shouldn’t have waited 2. must have driven 3. mustn’t have planned 4. may have borrowed, couldn’t have borrowed 5. couldn’t have listened 6. shouldn’t have repeated 7. must have forgot 8. must have cost 9. must have studied 10. mustn’t have heard . MODAL PERFECT 1. Must have + past participle: ắt hẳn là đã (xảy ra trong quá khứ) Ex: I have