Dictionary of mythology - part 8 pdf

the first being, in the lore of the Californian tribes When Ouiot grew old, his children, deeming him no longer capable of ruling, poisoned him. At his funeral, Coyote snatched a piece of the corpse from the pyre and ran off. Some of the skin fell on the ground and here the creator Chinigchinich appeared, giving Ouiot’s children the power to become medicine-men for the benefit of the men he promised to make. In another version, he was the son of Sirout and Ycaiut, and was killed by his children who ground up some of the black rock, Tosaut, and used it to kill him by sprinkling it on his chest where it ate into his body. At his funeral, Attajen appeared and gave the children of Ouiot the power to become sorcerers. Other tribes referred to Ouiot as Atahen or Attajen. (see also Wy’ot) Oulomos (see Oulomus) Oulomus Phoenician [Oulomos] a being produced by Aer and Ether progenitor of Chousorus Our Father (see Senx) Our Grandmother (see Kokumthena) Our Great Chief (see Totec) Our Lady (see Isis) ouraboros (see ouroboros) Ourania (see Urania) Ourannus (see Ouranos) Ouranos 1 Phoenician [Auchthon.Epigeus.Ourannus: =Greek Uranus] son of Elioun and Berouth consort of Gea father of Ashtart, Baitulos, Dagan, El, Pontus and Zeus Damaros The Semitic version of the Greek Uranus. In some versions he and Gea were two halves of a primordial egg, produced by Chousorus, from which all else came. Ouranos 2 (see Uranus) Oure Greek sacred mountains created by Gaea ouroboros Greek [oroboros.(o)uraboros] a symbolic serpent with its tail in its mouth representing the cycle of life, totality, etc. Ousel of Cilgwri (see Blackbird of Cilgwri) Ousous Phoenician a creator-god, a giant fire-deity brother of Hyposouranios He and his brother were said to be the inventors of mankind. Outgard (see Utgard) Outis (see Noman) Outlake (see Ontzlake) Ouvin (see Odin) Ouzel of Cilgwri (see Blackbird of Cilgwri) Ouzelem bird an imaginary bird This bird is said to fly backwards and consequently never knows where it is going but always knows where it has been. A similar story is told of Jayhawk. Ovakuru African ancestral spirits of the Ashanti Ovda Baltic [Alvasta.Surali] a forest-spirit of the Lapps This flesh-eating monster could appear as male or female, naked with its feet pointing to the rear. It killed people by tickling them to death before eating them but it could be rendered powerless if touched under its left arm. Ovid Roman [(Publius Ovidius) Naso] a 1st CBCpoet He was the author of Amores, Fasti, Heroides, Medea, Metamorphoses, etc. Ovik (see Syen) Ovinnik Slav a mischievous spirit a type of Domovik This being, living in barns or, some say, in kitchens or drying kilns, is envisaged as a black cat which barks. Ovo Okare East Indian in Papuan lore, the third person to be created This person, born from a turtle’s egg, later turned into the red coconut palm. Owain 1 British [Ewain.Ewayne.Ivain.Knight of the Lion.Owe(i)n.Uwain(e):=Dutch Iwa(i)nus.Iwein=French Yvain.Ywain] a knight of King Arthur’s court one of the Knights of Battle son of Urien and Morgan le Fay or Modron twin brother of Morfudd husband of Denw or of Penarwan father of Galian, some say In some accounts, he was the son of Gorlois and Igraine, in others the brother of Gawain. Morgan planned to kill King Arthur and her husband, Urien, marry her lover Accolan and make him king. Believing that Accolan had killed Arthur in a fight, she took her husband’s sword and was about to kill him as he slept. Owain, alerted by a servant, was hidden in the room and seized his mother in time to prevent murder. His mother duped him into believing that she had been possessed by evil spirits and he forgave her when she promised to give up magic arts. King Arthur felt that he could no longer trust Urien or Owain so he banished Owain from his court. His friend Gawain opted to go with him and they set out to find adventure which would allow Owain to prove his loyalty to the king. Their first encounter was with Morholt who quickly unhorsed two strange knights in succession. He then challenged Owain and Gawain, disposing easily of the young Owain who sustained a leg wound, and fighting an honourable draw with Gawain. All three became friends and travelled on together. They met three women who offered to lead them to adventure and Owain chose the oldest of the three. She turned out to be Lyne, a woman who had always wanted to be a man and had made a lifetime study of knightly pursuits. She made Owain undergo ten months of intensive training at her home in Wales and then they set off to find adventure. He unhorsed thirty knights at a tournament and won the prize, riding on to the Castle of the Rock. Here lived the Lady of the Rock who had had all her property, except the Castle, taken from her by the brothers Edward and Hugh. Owain fought them both at once, killing Edward and forcing Hugh to surrender. The Lady of the Rock offered him the chance to live with her and run her regained estates but he chose to leave. At the crossroads, Lyne left him to await another knight errant she could train while Owain joined Gawain and Morholt and returned with them to Camelot where they were all made welcome by the king. He was one of the knights captured and imprisoned by Tarquin, who hated all Arthur’s knights, until rescued by Lancelot. In Welsh stories, he appeared as Owein, in the dream of Rhonabwy playing a game of chess with King Arthur and in the story of the Lady of 794 Oulomos Owain 1 EABC8972-576D-4878-8C33-C9EBD9D6F5A9 the Fountain. His ‘army’ consisted of 300 ravens given to him by Cenferchyn. When Cynon (or Colgrevaunce) was unhorsed by the Black Knight, Escalados, Owain met the victor and wounded him so severely that he died. He was rescued from prison by Luned who gave him a ring which made him invisible and Owain took over all the Black Knight’s lands and his wife Laudine, the Lady of the Fountain, living with her for three years. At the end of that time, Arthur went in search of him and Kay met the Knight of the Fountain in single combat and was defeated. Each of Arthur’s knights was defeated in turn and it was only when Gwalchmei fought him that they realised they were fighting Owain. He was reunited with Arthur and returned to his court for three years. When he realised how he had deserted his wife, he did penance (or went mad, some say) and lived the life of a mendicant, killing a dragon and taming the lion which had been fighting with it. His path crossed that of Luned once again and he rescued her from death at the stake. In some versions, he returned to the Lady of the Fountain, in others he was reunited with his wife and they lived together at Arthur’s court. In another story, he arrived home to find his castle occupied by Salados and his followers. In the fight that ensued, Owain escaped with his life only when the lion, which had become his faithful companion, intervened, killing Salados and routing his followers. Other stories include a fight with Gawain when Owain set out to defend a lady robbed of her property by her elder sister. The two finally recognised each other, the fight was ended and Arthur settled the dispute between the sisters. En route to this adventure, Owain had released 300 ladies held captive in the Castle of Pesme Aventure by two demons who forced them to weave cloth. Owain 2 British [Ewain.Ewayne.Iwain.Owein the Bastard.Owen] a Knight of the Round Table father of Chaus He was the illegitimate son of Urien by the wife of his steward and thus half-brother to the other Owain. He was killed by Gawain whom he challenged to a joust. Owain 3 British [Ewain.Ewayne.Iwain.Owe(i)n] son of Macsen He fought a duel with a giant in which they were both killed. Owain 4 (see Lady of the Fountain) Owain Gwynedd British father of Madawg, the prince said to have discovered America owanka wakan North American a sacred altar Owasse North American an Algonquian bear-spirit Owatatsumi (see Watatsumi) Owein (see Owain) Owein the Bastard (see Owain 2 ) Owel (see Eoghabal) Owen (see Eoghan.Owain) Owen Glendower Welsh a Welsh hero He was said to own a stone, which he had obtained fom a raven, which could make him invisible. Owiot (see Ouiot) owl a widely-distributed night-flying bird of prey traditionally deemed to be wise (1) The Buddhists regard the owl as a messenger of Yama. (2) In Central America the Aztec refer to the owl as Tlacolotl and regard it as a bird of ill-omen. (3) In the Christian tradition the owl is an attribute of both Christ and Satan. (4) In Egypt the owl was regarded as a symbol of death. (5) In Greece the owl was regarded as sacred to Athene and Demeter. (6) In Hindu lore, the owl (Shakra) was regarded as an attribute of Yama and sacred to Indra. (7) The Japanese regard the owl as typifying filial ingratitude, as a form of Fukuro and as a god of villages. (8) The Malay regard owls as ghosts. (9) In North America, the Algonquin people regard the owl as an attendant on the Lord of the Dead. (10) In Persian lore the owl, Asho- Zushta, could drive away demons by reciting passages from the Avesta. Owl-glass (see Tyll Eulenspiegel) Owl of Cwm Cawlwyd Welsh a very old bird Culhwch consulted this bird in his quest for the hand of Olwen but the owl was unable to give any help in finding Mabon and referred him to the Eagle of Gwern Abwy. Owlespiegle (see Tyll Eulenspiegel) Owner (see Malik 1 ) Owo African a supreme god of the Idoma people of Nigeria ox (see bull) Ox Boy (see Ch’ien Niu) Ox Head (see Niu T’ou) Oxheheon North American a Cheyenne sun-dance spirit Oxlahun Ti Ku Central American [Oxlanhuntiku] a group of 13 Mayan sky-gods In some accounts, these deities were captured by another group, the Bolon Ti Ku. Oxlahuntiku (see Oxlanhun Ti Ku) Oxomoco Central American [Oromuco.Oxomuco] the Aztec first man who, with the woman Cipactonal, was created by Piltzintecuhtli In some accounts, Piltzintecuhtli was the son of Oxomoco and Cipactonal, while others say that he was the same as Tonatiuh. Oxomoco was one of the four sages of the Aztec migration, the others being Chipactonal, Tlaltecuin and Xochicahuaca. These four were said to have invented the Aztec alphabet. In some accounts, Oxomoco is the same as Xmucane. Oxomuco (see Oxomoco) Oxydeices (see Optiletis) Oxylus Greek co-king of Elis with Agorius son of Andraemon or Haemon brother of Thermius He was banished to Elis after accidentally killing Thermius but later returned to Aetolia and raised an army which conquered Elis of which he became co-king with Agorius, ousting the former king, Dius. He is said to have had three eyes. Oxyrhyncus Egyptian a fish sacred to Hathor Oya 1 African [Mammy of the Water.Oba.Oja] a river-goddess and weather-goddess of the Yoruba people a consort of Shango This deity, though female, was said to have a beard. Oya 2 Japanese [‘parent’] a term used for the deity of the Tenri sect 795 Oya 2 Owain 2 EABC8972-576D-4878-8C33-C9EBD9D6F5A9 Oya-Shima-Guni Japanese the first 8 islands to be created when Izanagi and Izanami made the world Oyamakui Japanese [Yama-no-kami.Yama-sue-no-nushi] a mountain god guardian of the western shrine on Mount Hiei Oyandone (see O-yan-do-ne) Oyazu Japanese a woman whose spirit appeared to Kyuzaemon wife of Isaburo She appeared at the home of Kyuzaemon and prayed before his family shrine. She told Kyuzaemon that her husband, Isaburo, had left her parents without support when she died and she wanted to correct this wrong. Next day, Kyuzaemon found that Isaburo had returned to his in-laws, having been visited by his wife’s spirit in the guise of Yuki-Onna. Oyise African in Nigeria, a mediator This being, in the form of a post carved from a tree, acts as a mediator between the Isoko people and their remote god, Cghene. Oynyena Maria Slav [Fiery Mary.Mary the Fiery One. Ognyena Maria] a fire-goddess assistant of the thunder-god, Peroun sister of Elias Oyoyewa North American [Uyuyewi] a war-god of the Keres twin brother of Masewi in the lore of the Pueblo Indians These twins are the equivalent of the Zuni Ahayuta achi. In some accounts, they were the sons of the sun and when they went to meet their father, he gave them weapons with which to kill monsters. Oyuyewi (see Oyoyewa) Oyselet (see Ambroy) Oyuyewi (see Oyoyewa) Ozanna le Cure Hardy British a knight of King Arthur’s court He was defeated by Lavaine in the tournament at which he and Lancelot fought on behalf of his father, Bernard. He was one of the knights captured with Guinevere by Meliagaunt. Ozmatli Central American the eleventh of the 20 days of the Aztec month Symbolising the monkey and west, the day was governed by Xochipilli. 796 Oya-Shima-Guni Ozmatli EABC8972-576D-4878-8C33-C9EBD9D6F5A9 797 P Central American a Mayan deity of uncertain identity, referred to as god P: a frog-god This deity is depicted as a frog and may be sowing seed or ploughing, leading some to identify him as a god of agriculture. pa (see ba) Pa 1 Chinese a drought-goddess daughter of Huang Ti Pa 2 (see Ba 1 ) Pa Bilalang (see Bilalang) Pa Ch’a Chinese [Great King] a god of grasshoppers He is depicted as having a blue-green human torso, a bell in place of a stomach, red hair and the beak and claws of a bird. Some accounts say that he was originally a Mongolian peasant who was never harmed by the wolves and scorpions that abounded where he lived and whose crops were never affected by grasshoppers. Others equate him with Liu Meng, the god of agriculture. Pa Gur Welsh a poem relating Kay’s adventures in Anglesey Pa-hra Egyptian an early deity father of Ahi pa-hsia Chinese very strong tortoises often depicted under gravestones Pa Hsien (see Eight Immortals) Pa-ku-la (see No Ch’u-lo) Pa Kua (see Eight Diagrams) pa-lis Persian an evil gnome These beings were said to kill those who slept in the desert by licking their feet to suck out their blood. Pa-no-ka (see No Ch’u-lo) Pa Pandir Malay a stupid character who always does the wrong thing Pa Pao (see Eight Precious Things) Paao Pacific Islands a god of Hawaii Pabel Canaanite a king of Udumu father of Hurriya In some accounts, Hurriya was his wife. pabid South American the soul, in the lore of the Tupari It is said that, when a person dies, the soul leaves the body through the eyes or the pupils leave him and become the pabid. After a perilous journey, threatened by fierce animals, the soul crosses the river Mani-Mani to live in the land of the dead. Here two worms bore into the belly and eat all the bowels before crawling out. At this point, Patobkia restores the sight of the pabid by sprinkling pepper on the eyes and then the pabid is required to have sexual intercourse with one of the giants, the female Vaugh’eh or the male Mpokalero. The pabid can breed to produce children. The males breathe on a bundle of leaves which they then throw on to the back of the chosen woman who then becomes pregnant. (see also ki-apogo-pod) Pabilsag Mesopotamian [Pabilsang] a Sumerian god consort of Nininsinna Pabilsang (see Pabilsag) Pabuji Indian a local god, hero of epic stories in Rajasthan Paca-Mama (see Pachamama) Pacari South American [Apo-tampu.Cave of Refuge.Cave of the Dawn.Inn of Dawn.Inn of Origin. Pacari Tampu.Pac(c)ari-Tambo. Pacariqtambo.Paccarisca.Tambotocco] a cave with 3 exits This is the cave from which the ancestors of the Inca people were said to have emerged. Some say that there were three such caves. In some versions, there were the four – Ayar Manco, Pachacamac, Viracocha and one other; in others, there were three – Apocatequil, Ataguchu and Piguerao. Others claim that there were three or four brothers and three or four sisters. (see also Children of the Sun) P EABC8972-576D-4878-8C33-C9EBD9D6F5A9 798 Paeivae Pacari-Tambo Pacari-Tambo (see Pacari) Pacari Tampu (see Pacari) pacarina South American in Inca lore, dead ancestors It was believed that these beings could intercede with the gods on behalf of their descendants. Pacariqtambo (see Pacari) Pacaw (see Bacam) Paccari-Tambo (see Pacari) Paccarisca (see Pacari) Pachacamac South American [Earth-maker.Pacharurac. Pachayachachic] an Inca creator-god son of Inti, some say brother of Con It is said that he defeated Con, the earlier creator of men, turned Con’s people into monkeys and made new beings. In another version of his story it is believed that he created humans but forgot their need for food. The man died of starvation and the woman was fertilised by the sun. Pachacamac killed her first son and grew plants from pieces of his body. Her second son, Vichama, drove Pachacamac into the sea when Pachacamac killed the woman. He remained in the seas as a sea-god. Some stories equate him with Ayar Ayca or Viracocha. Pachacamama (see Pachamama) Pachaccan South American a name for Thunupa as ‘servant’ Pachamama South American [Mama Pacha.Mother Earth. Paca-Mama.Pachacamama] an Inca earth-goddess Pachari Tibetan a Lamaist sorcerer Pacharurac South American a name for Pachacamac as ‘maker of all things’ Pachayachachic South American [Teacher of the World.Ticci Viracocha:=Aymara Yatin] an Inca creator-god father of Imaymana Viracocha and Tocapo Viracocha He is regarded as a form of Pachacamac but, in other accounts, is said to be the same as Tici. Pachet 1 Egyptian an early desert goddess, envisaged as a lion Pachet 2 Pacific Islands an undersea paradise in the lore of the Caroline Islanders Pachytos Greek one of the dogs of Actaeon When Artemis discovered the hunter, Actaeon, watching her as she bathed, she turned him into a stag. His hounds, including Pachytos, tore him to pieces. pack something buried under the threshold of an enemy’s house, a magic rite designed to harm him Pacolet European a French dwarf who owned a winged, wooden flying horse Pactolus Greek a river-god father of Euryanassa This was also a name for the river itself which was said to have gold-bearing sands after Midas had washed his hands in it to rid himself of the curse of gold. Padalon Hindu the land of departed spirits into which there are 8 entrances Padanjali Hindu a saint Padarn Redcoat British owner of the magic coat, Pais Padarn Padern (see Paternus) padfoot British a name for the bargaist in Yorkshire Padiel a demon of the east Paddock British a witch’s familiar in Macbeth paddy-bird (see gelatik) Padma 1 Hindu a snake-god one of the mahanagas This deity is usually depicted with three eyes. Padma 2 (see Kamala.Vishnu) Padma 3 Hindu a name for Lakshmi as ‘lotus’ padma 4 (see lotus 4 ) Padma-mkhah-Ngro Tibetan the Tibetan name for Padmdakini Padma-Nabha (see Brahma.Vishnu) Padma-pani (see Padmapani) Padma-Pitha Hindu a deity seated on a lotus Padma-Purana Hindu [Book of the Golden Lotus] an epic, in some 50,000 couplets, which describes the creation Padmadakini Buddhist [=Tibetan Padma-mkhah-Ngro] a female deity of the air Padmaheruka Buddhist one of the 5 Herukabuddhas Padmanarteshvara Buddhist a form of Avalokiteshvara with 2, 8 or 10 arms Padmantaka Buddhist a guardian god one of the Dikpalas He is the guardian of the western region of the world. Padmapani Buddhist [‘lotus-born’.Padma-pani:=Chinese Kuan Yin.=Japanese Kwannon] a bodhisattva a form of Avalokiteshvara in Tibet Padmapani can appear in various forms – animal or insect, man or woman – including that of the flying horse Valahaka. This deity is depicted as three-eyed, sometimes with eleven heads. (see also Avalokiteshvara) Padmasambhava 1 Hindu a destroyer of demons appearing as a tiger-god Padmasambhava 2 Hindu [=Tibetan Lopon.Rinpochhe.sLob- dpon] an 8th C Indian seer son of Amitabha He was said to have appeared in a lotus flower at the age of eight and was forced to spend his life in penitence for killing a minister of the royal palace where he was raised. He took Buddhism to Tibet and, having converted that country, changed into a horse and converted other races. He was said to have lived for a thousand years. Padmatara Buddhist an aspect of Tara, ‘lotus’ Padmavati Hindu a name for Lakshmi as ‘owner of the lotus’ Padmosnisa Buddhist a guardian god of the west Padraic (see Patrick 1 ) Padraig (see Patrick 1 ) Padriya Canaanite one of the wives of Baal Padstow British the Cornish town said by some to be the place where King Arthur was born Padvaxtag Persian a Manichaean deity He and Xrostag are a pair involved in the ritual of prayer and the answer to that prayer. Paean (see Paeon.Paiawon) Paeeon (see Paeon) Paeivae (see Paiva) EABC8972-576D-4878-8C33-C9EBD9D6F5A9 799 Paeon 1 Paeon 1 Greek [P(a)ean.Paeeon.Paion] a title of such gods as Asclepius and Apollo who had associations with medicine Paeon 2 Greek [Paean.Paeeon.Paion] son of Endymion and Calyce brother of Aetolus and Epeus Paeon 3 Greek in some accounts, son of Poseidon by Helle (see also Edonus) pae’wa (see li’oa) pagab South American magic seeds, in the lore of the Tupari These yellow seeds are said to have the power, when used by a shaman, to kill his enemies. Pagas Hindu [=Greek Pegasus] a horse of the Aswins Page Abe South American [Sun Father] creator-god and sun-god of the Tukano Indians brother of Nyami Abe father of Abe Mango He and his brother ruled alternately, one by night, one by day, each shining as brightly as the other. When Nyami Abe tried to rape his brother’s wife, Page Abe gave him a good thrashing that so reduced his power that, thereafter, he could shine only weakly as the moon. Pagimon (see Paymon) Paginet British a Knight of the Round Table, some say pagoda Buddhist a temple or shrine for relics (see also stupa) Pagoda Bearer (see Li Ch’ing) pagoda-tree Indian a fabulous coin-producing tree Paguk North American a moving skeleton, in the lore of the Algonquian and Ojibwa tribes This apparition, said to be the skeleton of a hunter who starved to death, is said to move through the woodlands at fantastic speed with much bone- rattling. Its presence portends the death of a friend. Pah North American [‘father’] a moon-god of the Pawnees consort of Sakuru father of Closed Man Paha Finnish an evil spirit Pahe-Wathahuni North American a cannibal hill This hill could open its mouth to form a cavern and any hunters who ventured in were swallowed up. Rabbit disguised himself as a man and entered the cavern with a band of hunters and slew the monster by slitting its heart open. The hill then split wide open and those who had been swallowed were restored to life. Pahlava Persian an ancient hero Pahlavi Zand Persian a commentary on the Avesta Pahtecatl Central American an Aztec fertility-god Pahua North American in the lore of the Pawnee, one of the 5 houses of the animal spirits, the nahurak Pahuanui (see Pahuanuiapitaaiterai) Pahuanuiapitaaiterai Pacific Islands [Pahuanui] a sea-demon of Tahiti Pahuk North American in the lore of the Pawnee, one of the 5 houses of the animal spirits, the nahurak pai de santo South American [female=mae de santo:=Yoruba babalorisha] a priest of the African immigrants in Brazil Pai Hao Chinese 2 white cranes, messengers of the gods Pai-ho T’ung-tzu (see White Crane Youth) Pai Hu Chinese [Bach-ho.White Tiger] a guardian of the west In some accounts, one of the Four Auspicious Animals in place of the unicorn, ch’i-lin Pai Hutanga New Zealand the first wife of Uenuku Pai Lao-yeh (see Po Lao-yeh) Pai Lung Chinese one of the Four Dragon Kings This being is said to have been born as a lump of flesh to a maiden given shelter by an old man when she was caught in a storm. In disgust, she threw the lump into the sea where it became a white dragon, the cause of famine. The girl died from shock. pai-ma Chinese a white horse with a single horn (see also po 2 ) Pai Yang Chinese [Heang Ho:=Arab Al Kabah al Alif] a later name for the constellation Aries as ‘the white sheep’ paiarehe New Zealand fairies in the lore of the Maori Paiawon Greek [Paean] a war-god paigoels Hindu demons These beings are said to have been angels who were expelled from heaven when they sinned. Paikea Pacific Islands god of sea-creatures offspring of Rangi and Papa Paimon a demon one of the 72 Spirits of Solomon He is said to be able to grant any wish a magician may make and to teach science and the arts. He is depicted as a crowned ruler riding a camel. (see also Paymon) Painal Central American an Aztec war-god Paion (see Paeon) pair (see paladin) Pair Drynog British a cauldron owned by Drynog This vessel, said to boil meat only for the brave, was one of the Thirteen Treasures of Britain collected by Merlin. In some accounts, it is the same as the cauldron of Diwrnach. Pairekse Siberian son of the god of heaven He makes entries in the book of fate as instructed by the gods and sometimes visits the earth in the form of a goose to report what is happening. Pairika Persian [Parik(a)] a supernatural enchantress These evil beings were the female counterparts of the Yatis. (see also peri) Pais Padarn British a coat owned by Padarn Redcoat This garment, which could make the wearer invisible and which would fit only a nobleman, became one of the Thirteen Treasures of Britain collected by Merlin. Paisachas (see Pishashas) Paisunya Hindu an evil spirit This being was opposed to the Matrika, Chaumunda. Paisunya EABC8972-576D-4878-8C33-C9EBD9D6F5A9 800 Palamedes 3 Paititi South American a fabulous land of gold The Guarani say that this realm, ruled by El Gran Moxo, was set in the lake Cuni-Cuni where it was guarded by a strange animal known as Teyu-Yagua. Paiva Baltic [Paeivae] a Finnish sun-god The rays of the sun formed roads between heaven and earth along which the gods could travel. Paiyatamu (see Paiyatemu) Paiyatemu North American [Paiyatamu.Paiyatuma.sun youth: =Hopi T’aiowa] a flute-playing spirit of the Zuni son of Sun Father and Underground Mother In some accounts, Paiyatemu refers to a group of spirits rather than to just one. Paiyatuma (see Paiyatemu) Pajainen Baltic a Finnish god He killed a huge bull or pig. Pajan Yan Cambodian a goddess It is said that this healing goddess was banished to the moon to prevent her from restoring all the dead. Her face is now seen in the moon instead of the more usual hare or man-in-the moon. pajanvak’i Baltic Finnish spirits associated with metals pajé South American a Xingu shaman Pajonn Baltic a Lappish thunder-god Pak Tai Chinese [Hsüan T’ien Shang Ti:=Taiwanese Shang-ti Yeh] a Taoist war-god He was regarded as a mortal general who was deified to lead the celestial armies. He threw the demon snake and tortoise into a deep cleft and became ruler of the dark heaven. He is expected to return to earth in times of great trouble. Paka’a Pacific Islands wind-god of Hawaii He is credited with the invention of the sail. Pakasa Uru Pacific Islands a wallaby This animal is featured in stories of New Britain and is usually outwitted by the dog, Tulagola. Pakhet Egyptian a god of the hunt pako South American a magician of the tribes of Bolivia Pakoc Central American a Mayan war-god Pakrokitat North American a creator-god of the Serrano people brother of Kukitat He was so upset by the actions of Kukitat, who had been born from his left shoulder, that he left this world and returned to the afterworld. Pal-Rai-Yuk North American a water-monster of the Inuit Palace Adventurous (see Palace of Light) Palace Goddess Greek an aspect of the Great Goddess concerned with intuition Palace of Cool Breezes (see Itzeecayan) Palace of Flowers (see Xochiticacan) Palace of Great Cold Chinese the home of the moon-goddess, Heng O Palace of Light British [Castle of Light.Palace Adventurous] a palace within the Castle of Carbonek where the Holy Grail was kept Palace of the Boyne Irish [Brugh.Brug na Boinne.Bruigh na Boinne] the fortress home of Nechtan and, later, of Angus Og Palace of the Lonely Park Chinese the home of the sun-god, I Palace of the West (see Tamoanchan) paladin [pair.peer] one of the 12 personal companions of Charlemagne: a knight-errant The list varied from time to time but some of the most famous were Astolpho, the English duke Aymon Baldwin, son of Gano Fierabras Florismart Gano, the traitor Guido the Wild Malagigi, the sorcerer Namo, duke of Bavaria Ogier the Dane Oliver, friend of Roland Rinaldo Roland (Orlando) Saloman from Brittany Turpin, the archbishop Others sometimes included in the list are Amulion, Anseis, Engelir, Gerard, Gerin, Gerier, Inon, Ivory, Otonne and Samson. Palaemon 1 Greek [Palaimon] son of Hephaestus one of the Argonauts Palaemon 2 Greek [Palaimon] a name for Heracles in his youth Palaemon 3 Greek the name for Melicertes when he became a sea-god Palaimon (see Palaemon) Palamedes 1 British [Palomedes.Palomides.Palomydes] a Saracen knight son of Esclabor He arrived in Ireland at the time when Tristram was recovering from his wounds after being nursed by Isolde. He wanted to claim her as a bride but Tristram defeated him in a duel and he sailed for home. In another version, he was a guest at Mark’s wedding to Isolde and so pleased the king that Mark offered him anything he could ask for. He demanded Isolde and would have taken her back to Syria but Tristram intervened and returned her to Mark. Palamedes was heartbroken and sailed off. Yet another account says that he and Tristram fought another duel. Palamedes surrendered and made friends with Tristram, embraced Christianity, became a loyal follower of King Arthur and was made duke of Provence. He was one of those who hunted the Questing Beast without success. Palamedes 2 European [Palomedes.Palomides] brother of Achilles of Lombardy and Sforza He was a soldier in Godfrey’s army at the siege of Jerusalem. Palamedes 3 Greek [Palomedes.Palomides] son of Nauplius and Clymene or Hesione brother of Nausimedon and Oeax He accompanied Agamemnon and Menelaus when they tried to persuade Odysseus to join the invasion of Troy and, when Odysseus feigned madness by ploughing salt into the earth, Palamedes placed the baby Telemachus in front of the plough. Odysseus avoided the child, revealing that he was quite sane. During the Trojan war, Odysseus exacted revenge by bribing a servant to Paititi EABC8972-576D-4878-8C33-C9EBD9D6F5A9 801 Palamon plant money and a letter, said to be from Priam. As a result, Palamedes was accused of treachery and stoned to death. In another account, he was drowned by Odysseus and Diomedes during a fishing trip or buried by them under stones when he climbed down a well in search of gold which, they told him, was hidden there. He is said to have invented dice, lighthouses, scales and some of the alphabet. Palamon Greek a prince of Thebes cousin of Arcite husband of Emily He and Arcite, both captives of Theseus, fell in love with his daughter or sister-in-law, Emily. They fought for her hand and Arcite won. On his way to claim his bride, Arcite was thrown from his horse and was killed. Emily later married Palamon. Palan Bah Malay [Island of Fruit] the home of the dead Palaniyantavan Indian a Tamil god, a form of Seyon Palanta (see Palatia) Palante British cousin of Tristram After the death of his cousin, Palante invaded Cornwall and was killed there by Palamedes. Palanto (see Palatia) Palasara Pacific Islands husband of Durgandini father of Abiasa Palatia Roman [Palanta.Pala(n)to] a female deity of the north pole Palatium Roman a sacred hill One of the seven hills of Rome, the Palatine. Palato (see Palatia) Palatyi African a monster of the Bantu Pale Fox African a culture-hero of the Dogon He became an outcast for stealing seeds from Amma. Marks in the earth, said to be his paw-prints, are used in divination. Pales Roman a god or goddess of cattle, flocks, and shepherds Palesmurt Russian an evil forest-spirit This being, said to frighten travellers, is envisaged as half-man, split vertically. Palici Greek twin gods of Sicily sons of Hephaestus by Etna or of Zeus by Thalia In the story of their parentage by Zeus, the pregnant nymph Thalia asked to be buried to escape the wrath of Hera. The twins were born underground and made their way to the surface through some pools. Those who protest their innocence at these pools are killed if they are guilty or allowed to live if innocent. Palilia Roman [Parilia] a festival in honour of Pales held on April 21st Palinure (see Palinurus) Palinurus Greek [Palinure] a steersman of the ship that carried Aeneas and his men after the fall of Troy He fell overboard after falling asleep and was killed by the natives when he swam ashore. Paliuli Pacific Islands the Hawaiian paradise Palk Korean an ancient sun-god Palladion (see Palladium) Palladium Greek [Palladion:plur=Palladia] a wooden statue of Pallas Athene This image was said to have fallen from the sky and was enshrined at Troy as guardian of the city. It was said that the city would never be conquered while the statue remained at Troy and so the Greeks Odysseus and Diomedes made a night-raid into the city and stole it during the siege of Troy. Some say that this was one of many copies to be found in the city. In some accounts, Diomedes gave this copy to Aeneas who took it with him to Italy although this could have been the original saved by Aeneas when Troy fell to the Greeks Others say it was Numa Pompilius who brought the Palladium to Italy. Some say that the original Palladium was made from the shoulder-bone of Pelops. Pallantids Greek descendants of Pallas Pallas 1 Greek daughter of Triton Triton reared Athena as a companion for Pallas. It was said that, having accidentally killed Pallas, Athena had the Palladium made in her memory. (see also Pallas 4.5 ) Pallas 2 Greek a Titan son of Crius and Eurybia brother of Astraeus and Perses husband of Styx father of Bia, Cratos, Nike and Zelos Pallas 3 Greek son of Evander In some accounts, he was the son of Heracles and Lavinia. He was killed by Turnus when fighting with the Trojans under Aeneas in Italy against the Latins and Rutulians. Pallas 4 Greek [Palleneos] one of the Earthborn Giants son of Uranus and Gaea He was killed in the war between the gods and the giants by Athena who flayed him and used his skin as cover for her breastplate. Thereafter, she used his name as Pallas Athena. Another version says that Pallas was Athena’s father and she killed him when he tried to rape her. (see also Pallas 1.5 ) Pallas 5 Greek a name of Athena adopted either in memory of the girl Pallas whom she had killed or of the giant Pallas (her father) she killed (see also Pallas 1.4 ) Pallas 6 Greek son of Pandion half-brother of Aegeus, Lyceus and Nicus He was the father of fifty sons, all of whom were killed by Theseus. Pallas Athene (see Pallas 5 ) Palleneos (see Pallas 4 ) Pallian Australian a creator-god of the Aborigines He and his brother, Pundjel, created beings from bark and clay but, when they proved to be evil, they cut them into pieces. The ancestors of the tribes sprang from these pieces. Pallor Greek the god of terror palmistry (see cheirognomy) Palomedes (see Palamedes) Palomides (see Palamedes) Palomir British a knight He was one of the 100 knights fighting for Lisuarte against 100 knights of the Irish king, Cildadan. Palomir EABC8972-576D-4878-8C33-C9EBD9D6F5A9 802 Pan-ku Palomydes (see Palamedes 1 ) Palongahoya North American [Balongahoya.Palungahoya] a culture-hero of the Hopi son of the sun-god twin brother of Poquanghoya He was one of two warriors (the other was Poquanghoya) created by Kokyangwuti to protect human beings from demons. In another version he was a war-god. They are equivalent to the Zuni Ahayuta Achi twins. Paltar (see Balder) Paluc’s Cat (see Palug’s Cat) Paluelap Pacific Islands a deity of the Caroline Islands husband of Leofas father of Rongelap and Rongerik Palug’s Cat Welsh [Cath Palug.Paluc’s Cat:=French C(h)apalu] a huge feline offspring of Hen Wen, some say In some accounts, this beast was thrown into the sea by Coll ap Collfrewr, the swineherd in charge of Hen Wen, but was rescued and reared by the sons of Palug on the island of Anglesey. It was said to have eaten some 180 soldiers and was eventually killed by Kay. Other versions say it was Capalu, killed by King Arthur in the French Alps; others that the beast killed the king when they fought in a swamp and afterwards came to Britain where it took over the throne. Palulukon North American [=Aztec Quetzalcoatl:=Zuni Koloowise] a fertility-god the plumed serpent of the Hopi Palungahoya (see Palongahoya) Pamba African a creator-god of the Ovambo Pamersiel a demon Pamiel a demon Pamlart British a descendant of Ban One version of the death of Mark relates that he sacked Camelot and died there at the hand of Pamlart. Pamola North American an evil spirit of darkness in the lore of the Algonquians She was one of the evil spirits killed by Gluskap. pampahilep East Indian Dayak tree-spirits These beings can take the form of mortals and marry human partners. Pamphagus Greek one of the dogs of Actaeon When Artemis discovered the hunter, Actaeon, watching her as she bathed, she turned him into a stag. His hounds, including Pamphagus, tore him to pieces. Pamphyle Greek daughter of Apollo Pamphylus Greek son of Aegimius brother of Dymas He is regarded as the founder of one of the Dorian tribes. Pamuri-mahse South American [‘divine helper’] a demi-god of the Tukano Indians He helped Page Abe to create the earth and its animals. Pan 1 African son of Asia Pan 2 Greek [‘all’.Capricorn.Feeder.Goat-god. Goat-Pan.Herdsman.Nomius. Pasturer.Shepherd God:plur=panes: =Roman Consentes.Faunus.Lupercus. Silvan] god of flocks, shepherds, woods half-brother of Daphnis father of Iambe and Iynx by Echo and of Crotus by Eupheme father of Priapus by Aprhrodite and of Acis by Symaethis, in some accounts He was part man, part goat, with horns, hoofs and tail. His parentage is not at all certain; according to who is telling the story he may be the son of Cronus by Rhea, Zeus by Hybris, or Hermes by Calypso, Dryope, Oeneis or Penelope and either the father or brother of Silenus. It is even suggested that he was the son of Hermes by Penelope, the wife of Odysseus. It is said that when he pursued the nymph Syrinx, she was turned into a clump of reeds by Gaea. From seven of these reeds, Pan fashioned the reed- pipe, with which he is traditionally depicted. He seduced a number of nymphs and goddesses including Echo, Eupheme and Selene. He gave Artemis three hunting dogs and seven hounds and helped Hermes restore the sinews of Zeus cut out by the monster Typhon. He was the only god to die. He is also depicted with a crook. (see also Evander 1 ) Pan 3 Greek a deity, the gentle summer breeze personified He fell in love with the pine-tree nymph Pitip. Boreas became jealous and threw Pitip to her death from a cliff and she turned into a pine tree. Pan Chhan Rin-po Chhe Tibetan the first Tashi Lama, deified as an incarnation of Amitabha P’an Chin-lien Chinese a goddess of prostitutes wife of Wu Ta-lang She fell in love with Hsi-men Ch’ing after the death of Wu Ta-lang and was decapitated by her late husband’s brother, Wu Sang, when he caught the lovers together. She was immortalised after her death. Pan-Ephialtes [Prince of Incubi] a demon causing nightmares Pan Hu Chinese a celestial dog In the lore of the Yao people, a worm born from the ear of a woman at the royal court grew into the dog, Pan Hu. When the dog saved the country from invading forces, the king gave Pan Hu his daughter as his wife. They produced six sons and six daughters who became the ancestors of the Yao. Pan-ko (see Pan-ku) Pan-ku Chinese [Pan-ko] the primaeval being of the Confucians father of Yüan-shih The primordial Great Monad separated to form the Yin and Yang. They both split to form four lesser beings which produced Pan-ku. Alternatively, he was hatched from an egg and pushed the two halves of the shell apart to form earth and sky. In some accounts he modelled the first humans from clay or, alternatively, men developed from the fleas on his body after he died. It is said that it took him 18,000 years, during which he grew bigger every day, to achieve the final position and he died from the effort. His left eye became the sun, his right eye the moon and his beard became the stars. Some say that he had a snake-like body with the head of a dragon. He is depicted working with a hammer and chisel to make the universe from blocks of granite floating in space, assisted by his companions, a dragon, phoenix, tortoise and unicorn. Palomydes EABC8972-576D-4878-8C33-C9EBD9D6F5A9 803 P’an Kuan In some versions of the creation story, Pan-ku was assisted by the woman Kua. P’an Kuan Chinese the registrar of hell He later received promotion and his post as registrar was taken by Chung K’uei. P’an Shen Chinese son of Tou-shen brother of Chen Shen, Ma Shen and Sha Shen He helps his mother to deal with those suffering from small-pox. P’an-t’ao Chinese [Fan-t’ao.Shen-t’ao]] a fabulous tree This tree was a form of peach and was said to blossom once in 3,000 years and to bear fruit only after a further period of the same length. It grew in San Hsien Shan, the Fortunate Islands. Pan-t’o-chia Chinese [Pan-t’o-ka] the Chinese version of Panthaka Pan-t’o-ka (see Pan-t’o-chia) Panacea Greek [Panaceia] a goddess of health daughter of Asclepius Panaceia (see Panacea) Panaha Tibetan a Lamaist sorcerer He owned a pair of magic shoes which could transport him rapidly to wherever he wished to go. Panalcarp an evil demon This being is depicted as a two- headed crocodile. Panan Indian [Paraiyan.Pariah] devil-dancers These people are said to be able to drive out devils by their dancing and drumming. Panangsang East Indian a Javanese prince He sent four of his retainers to kill the sultan, Jaka Tingkir, but this ruler was under divine protection and survived. In a later battle with the sultan, Panangsang was killed and the sultan took over his lands. Panao Afghan a Kafir creator-god Panathenaea Greek [Panathenaia] an annual festival in honour of Athene, founded in 566 BC and held in July/August Panathenaia (see Panathenaea) Pancabrahma Hindu [Isana(dayas)] 5 aspects of Shiva These are listed as Aghora, Isana (dayas), Sadyojata, Tatpurusha and Vamadeva. Pancamukha Buddhist a god He is depicted with five heads and sixteen hands. Pancanana Hindu a form of Shiva He is depicted as a naked demon with five faces, each with three eyes and wearing snakes as a necklace. Pancaraksa (see Pancharaksha) Pancatantra (see Panchatantra) Pancer European a beaver in Reynard the Fox He accused Reynard of attempting to murder Coart, the hare. Pancha-Tathagata East Indian 5 kings of Java These rulers were regarded as the incarnation of the five Dhyanibuddhas and ruled in the 11th and 12th centuries. They were noted for their wisdom and courage, manifestations of the Fivefold Buddha. Their names are given as Jayanagara, Jaya- wardhana, Kartanagara, Rajasanagara and Rajasawardhara. (see also Dhyanibuddhas) Panchajana 1 Hindu a sea-demon He angered Krishna by abducting the son of Sandipani and the god dived to the bottom of the ocean and killed the demon. Krishna took the conch-shell in which Panchajana had lived and used it thereafter as a trumpet with which he killed evil-doers. Panchajana 2 Hindu the divine conch-shell trumpet of Krishna This was formerly the home of the sea- demon of the same name who was killed by Krishna. Panchala Hindu the realm of King Drupada Panchali (see Draupadi) Panchamaharaja (see Mahapancharaja) Panchamukhi-Maruti Hindu a name for Shiva in the west of India Pancharaksha Buddhist [Pancaraksa] any one of the 5 goddesses of magic These protective deities are listed as Mahamantranusarini, Mahamayuri, Mahapratisara, Mahasaharapramandini and Mahasitavati. Panchatantra Hindu [Pancatantra:=Arab Kalilah wa Dinmah =English Tables of Bidpai:=French Fables de Pilpay:=Persian Anwar-u- Suhaili] a collection of fabulous stories Panchayudha Hindu a name for Vishnu as owner of 5 weapons Panchen Lama Tibetan [Tashi Lama] the second senior leader of Tibetan Buddhists He is regarded as an incarnation of Amitabha. Panchika Buddhist husband of Abhirata father of Priyamkara He was said to have fathered over 500 children. Panchita Buddhist a tutelary goddess of wealth She is the commander of a host of yakshas and is depicted with a pike (weapon) and a purse. Pandara Buddhist a mother-goddess a sakti of Amitabha Pandaravasini Hindu the Sanskrit version of White Tara Pandareos (see Pandareus) Pandareus 1 Greek [Pandareos] king of Miletus son of Merops and Clymene husband of Hermothoe father of Aedon, Clothera and Merope He stole Rhea’s golden mastiff made by Hephaestus and refused to give it back, giving it to Tantalus for safe- keeping. Zeus killed him and his wife and his daughters were carried off by the Harpies and sold to the Furies. Pandareus 2 Greek [Pandareos] son of Hermes by Merope In some accounts, he is the same as Pandareus, king of Miletus. Pandareus 3 Greek [Pandareos] a dog which stood guard over the infant Zeus in the Dictean Cave Pandarus Greek a Trojan prince son of Lycaon He acted as a messenger between Troilus and Cressida. At the siege of Troy he shot and Pandarus EABC8972-576D-4878-8C33-C9EBD9D6F5A9 [...]... to form salt of pearl, was said to cure certain illnesses or act as an antidote to poison Pearl of Beauty (see Fand) Pearly Emperor (see Yü Huang) North American Peboan the manitou of winter, in Algonquian lore Pebin Welsh father of Goewin Pebble-rattler North American a wind-god of the Haida people Pecchere British EABC897 2-5 76D- 487 8- 8 C33-C9EBD9D6F5A9 [King of Sessoyne.King of Tars King of the Lake]... Peredur Son of Efrawg Welsh a story from the Mabinogion relating the adventures of Peredur Balkan Perende [Perendi] an Albanian storm-god Perendi (see Perende) Perenu Slav EABC897 2-5 76D- 487 8- 8 C33-C9EBD9D6F5A9 [=Norse Thor] a sky-god, war-god and god of rain Pereplut an ancient rain-god Pereus son of Elatus and Laodice brother of Aepytus, Cyllen and Stymphalus Perevida in some accounts, mother of Galahad... conquered much of the territory which came to be known as Persia Perses3 Greek son of Crius by Eurybia brother of Astraeus and Pallas husband of Asteria father of Hecate Perseus Greek EABC897 2-5 76D- 487 8- 8 C33-C9EBD9D6F5A9 [‘sacker’] king of Argos son of Zeus by Danae husband of Andromeda father of Alcaeus, Electryon, Gorgophone, Heleius, Mestor, Perses and Sthenelus He was born as the result of a visit... Papa-hanau-moku Pacific Islands earth-goddess of Hawaii wife of Wakea mother of Ho’ohoku-ka-lania She was the first woman and married the mortal Wakea but separated from him when he incestuously fathered children on their own daughter Ho’ohoku-ka-lani She later remarried and had other children In some stories, she bore a gourd which Wakea used to make the world Papa Pie West Indian EABC897 2-5 76D- 487 8- 8 C33-C9EBD9D6F5A9... rocks 80 9 Greek Parthenope1 one of the Sirens When Odysseus and his crew failed to succumb to her charms and escaped, she drowned herself in despair Parthenope2 Greek daughter of Stymphalus mother of Everes by Heracles Parthenos Greek a name of Artemis, Athena and Hera as ‘virgin’ Partholan Irish [Parthalan.Parthalon.Partholon.Parytholon] leader of the second wave of invaders of Ireland son of Sera... British the home of Breunor and Maladisant Pendragwn (see Pendragon) Peneius (see Peneus) Peneleos Greek son of Hippalcimus one of the Argonauts Penelope1 Greek EABC897 2-5 76D- 487 8- 8 C33-C9EBD9D6F5A9 [Arnaea] daughter of Icarius and Periboea sister of Iphthime wife of Odysseus mother of Ptoliporthes and Telemachus Because Icarius wanted a son, his wife hid their baby daughter in the flocks of sheep, calling... EABC897 2-5 76D- 487 8- 8 C33-C9EBD9D6F5A9 [Pandowas] the Javanese version of the Pandavas pandé Pacific Islands blacksmiths in Bali These men, makers of the kris, are said to have magic powers and are regarded as holy men Pandemos Greek a name for Aphrodite as goddess of sensuality Pandion1 Greek a king of Athens son of Erichthonius and Praxitea husband of Zeuxippe father of twins Butes and Erectheus father of. .. one of the horse’s hoof-prints pegomancy divination from fountains and springs Peheipe North American a culture-hero of the Maidu Indians Pehar (see Bihar) Pei-chi Chinese [Chen(g) Wu.Pei-chi-chun] a name for Huan Ti as Prince of the North Pole Pei-chi-chen-chun (see Pei-chi) Pei-tou Chinese the Great Bear constellation regarded as the emperor’s chariot Peibaw (see Peibiaw) Peibyn British father of. .. Percival sat in it but it was later repaired by Percival Perimede Greek sister of Creon wife of Lycimnius Perimedes Greek son of Eurystheus killed by Heracles Perimele Greek daughter of Admetus and Alcestis sister of Eumelus and Hipparus wife of Argos Perimones British EABC897 2-5 76D- 487 8- 8 C33-C9EBD9D6F5A9 [The Red Knight] a Knight of King Arthur’s court He was defeated in single combat by Gareth Perinis... was one of the Graces Peitho2 Greek a title for Aphrodite Peju’ipe Siberian guardians of animals Pek Central American [‘death’:=Aztec Xolotl] the lightning-dog of the Maya Pekai Pacific Islands wife of Sido Pekar (see Bihar) Pekko Baltic [Pellonpekko:=Estonian Peko] a Finnish corn-god Peklo the underworld Peko Slav Baltic EABC897 2-5 76D- 487 8- 8 C33-C9EBD9D6F5A9 [=Finnish Pekko] an Estonian fertility-god . sect 795 Oya 2 Owain 2 EABC897 2-5 76D- 487 8- 8 C33-C9EBD9D6F5A9 Oya-Shima-Guni Japanese the first 8 islands to be created when Izanagi and Izanami made the world Oyamakui Japanese [Yama-no-kami.Yama-sue-no-nushi] a. banished. Parthonopeus EABC897 2-5 76D- 487 8- 8 C33-C9EBD9D6F5A9 81 0 Pasiphae 2 Later, he took part in a great tourn- ament and, as victor of the games, won the queen’s hand. Partinal British son of Espinogee His. goddess of echoes Paoro EABC897 2-5 76D- 487 8- 8 C33-C9EBD9D6F5A9 80 6 parachero At creation, it was she who gave women a voice. Paort French a shape-changing spirit in Brittany Pap-nigin-gara Mesopotamian a