©2004 CRC Press LLC Figure 61 Dystonic postur- ing of the left big toe in a patient who had experienced an ischemic event in the right cerebral hemisphere follow- ing attempted removal of a sphenoidal wing meningioma Figure 60 Dystonic hand posture (same patient as in Figure 59) ©2004 CRC Press LLC Figure 62 Histology in Wilson's disease shows atrophy and rarefaction of the putamen (black arrows). Loss of myelin bundles in the putamen contrasts with the more normal appearances in the globus pallidus (white arrow; Luxol fast blue) Figure 63 Histology of brain in Wilson's disease shows a Bergmann type 2 astrocyte within an atrophic putamen (H & E) ©2004 CRC Press LLC Figure 64 Histology of brain in Wilson's disease showing an Opalski cell (arrowed) (H & E) Figure 65 T 1 -weighted MRI shows the presence of high- signal areas (arrowed) in the substantia nigra in a patient with chronic acquired hepato- cerebral degeneration ©2004 CRC Press LLC Figure 66 T 1 -weighted MRI shows the presence of high-signal areas (arrowed) in the pallidum in a patient with chronic acquired hepatocere- bral degeneration ©2004 CRC Press LLC Figure 67 Pedigree (upper) of a family with Huntington's disease is accompanied by DNA gels (lower) which indicate trinucleo- tide repeats of between 40 and 52 ©2004 CRC Press LLC Figure 69 Histological section of brain in Huntington's disease shows atrophy with loss of neurons and astrocytic gliosis (immunocytochem- istry preparation for glial fibrillary acidic protein) Figure 68 Coronal section of brain in Huntington's disease shows symmetrical atrophy and brown discoloration (arrowed) of the caudate and putamen together with dilatation of the lateral vent- ricles ©2004 CRC Press LLC Figure 70 CTs showing atrophy of the caudate nucleus in a patient with Hunting- ton's disease (upper) compared with a normal subject (lower; arrowed) ©2004 CRC Press LLC Figure 72 Coronal proton- density MRI in a patient with Huntington's disease shows features similar to those in Figure 71 Figure 71 Axial proton-density MRI in a patient with Huntington's disease shows areas of increased signal in both the cau- date nucleus (white arrow) and putamen (black arrow) ©2004 CRC Press LLC Figure 73 PETscans showing integrated 11 C-raclopride and 11 C-SCH 23390 activity in a normal subject (left) and choreic patient (right) with Huntington's disease. Both D 1 and D 2 binding is reduced in the Huntington's patient in both the caudate and putamen ©2004 CRC Press LLC Figure 74 Axial T 2 -weighted MRI (upper) of a patient with Hallervorden–Spatz disease shows marked pallidal hypointensity (arrow- ed). The coronal proton-density MRI (lower) shows a similar picture together with an anteromedial zone of high intensity . cau- date nucleus (white arrow) and putamen (black arrow) ©2004 CRC Press LLC Figure 73 PETscans showing integrated 11 C-raclopride and 11 C-SCH 23390 activity in a normal subject (left) and. indicate trinucleo- tide repeats of between 40 and 52 ©2004 CRC Press LLC Figure 69 Histological section of brain in Huntington's disease shows atrophy with loss of neurons and astrocytic. gliosis (immunocytochem- istry preparation for glial fibrillary acidic protein) Figure 68 Coronal section of brain in Huntington's disease shows symmetrical atrophy and brown discoloration