PARKINSON’S DISEASE AND RELATED DISORDERS - PART 7 pot

©2004 CRC Press LLC Figure 44 Macroscopic view of the brain in corticobasal degeneration. The leptomeninges have been partially removed to show cortical atrophy involving the posterior frontal and anterior parietal regions ©2004 CRC Press LLC Figure 46 Histological sections of cerebral cortex showing swollen cortical neurons in corticobasal degeneration with an appearance resembling chromato- lysis (H & Es) Figure 45 Histological sec- tion of cerebral cortex in corticobasal degeneration shows severe gliosis and an achromatic neuron (H & E) ©2004 CRC Press LLC Figure 48 Dorsal (left) and palmar (right) views of dystonic posturing of the left hand of a patient with corticobasal degeneration. In particular, note the ulnar deviation at the wrist and the abducted posture of the little finger Figure 47 Histology of cerebral cortex in cortico- basal degeneration shows a putaminal neuron (arrowed) containing a basophilic inclu- sion (H & E) ©2004 CRC Press LLC A B C Figure 49 This patient with corticobasal degener- ation shows ideomotor apraxia of the left hand. When asked to copy three hand postures (A–C, lower), in each instance, the patient's version was defective (A–C, upper) ©2004 CRC Press LLC Figure 50 In this patient with corticobasal degenera- tion, sagittal T 1 -weighted MRI (upper) shows predomi- nantly posterior frontal and parietal atrophy (arrowed). Coronal T 2 -weighted MRI (lower) shows that the pari- etal atrophy is asymmetrical ©2004 CRC Press LLC Figure 51 [ 18 F]-fluorodeoxyglucose– PET scan shows reduced metabolism in the left frontoparietal cortex and left striatum in a patient with corticobasal degeneration Figure 52 Scoliotic posture in a patient with idiopathic torsion dystonia ©2004 CRC Press LLC Figure 53 Abnormal neck posture in a patient with idiopathic torsion dystonia Figure 54 Blepharospasm: Still photograph taken from a videorecording. The condition proved responsive to botulinum toxin ©2004 CRC Press LLC Figure 55 Abnormal neck posture in a patient with spasmodic torticollis Figure 56 Mechanisms of actions of various botulinum toxins (BTX). Ach, acetylcholine ©2004 CRC Press LLC Figure 57 Dystonic postur- ing of the hand consequent to perinatal hypoxia Figure 58 Dystonic postur- ing of the foot consequent to perinatal hypoxia. There is inversion of the foot and relative dorsiflexion of the big toe of the patient’s left foot compared with the right ©2004 CRC Press LLC Figure 59 CTs showing focal ischemic change (black arrows) in the right frontal region with deep extension and dilatation of the right frontal horn (white arrow) . corticobasal degenera- tion, sagittal T 1 -weighted MRI (upper) shows predomi- nantly posterior frontal and parietal atrophy (arrowed). Coronal T 2 -weighted MRI (lower) shows that the pari- etal atrophy. LLC Figure 57 Dystonic postur- ing of the hand consequent to perinatal hypoxia Figure 58 Dystonic postur- ing of the foot consequent to perinatal hypoxia. There is inversion of the foot and relative. Dorsal (left) and palmar (right) views of dystonic posturing of the left hand of a patient with corticobasal degeneration. In particular, note the ulnar deviation at the wrist and the abducted