the past perfect We use wish and if only with the past perfect to express a wish about the past.. It's very sweet of you, but I wish ►yoM wouldn't give me so many presents.. Kitty wanted
Trang 1We can use I wish or if only to express a wish Jessica wishes she was slimmer If
only is stronger and more emphatic than wish
We can use a clause with if only on its own, or we can add another clause
If only I wasn't so fat If only I wasn't so fat, I would be able to get into these trousers
B Wish would
Look at these examples
/ wish you would put those shelves up soon
Tom wishes his neighbours wouldn't make so much noise
If only you'd try to keep the place tidy Wish/If only would expresses a wish for
something to happen, or to stop happening
C Wish the past
Look at these examples
/ wish I lived in a big city It's so boring in the country
We all wish we had more money, don't we? If only I was taller, I might be better at basketball
Wish and if only with a past-tense verb express a wish for things to be different
We can use were instead of was (see also Unit 145B)
If only I were taller, I might be better at basketball
We cannot use would in these sentences, but we can use could
/ wish I could sing (but I can't) I feel so helpless If only I could speak the language
Compare wish with would and with the past
I wish something exciting would happen (I wish for an action in the future.) I
wish my life was more interesting (My life isn't interesting.)
D Wish the past perfect
We use wish and if only with the past perfect to express a wish about the past /
wish you had told me about the dance I would have gone I wish I'd got up
earlier I'm behind with everything today I wish you hadn't lost that photo It
was a really good one If only David had been a bit more careful, he'd have
been all right
We do not use would have for the past, but we can use could have
/ wish I could have been at the wedding, but I was in New York
149 Wish and if only
Trang 2149 Exercises
Wish would (B)
What might you say in these situations? Begin I wish
? to someone who never answers your e-mails I wish you'd answer my e-mails ? to someone who makes rude remarks about you / wish you wouldn't make rude remarks about me 1 to someone who won't hurry up 2 to someone who never does the washing-up 3 to someone who isn't telling you the whole story 4 to someone who blows cigarette smoke in your face 5 to someone who won't tell you what he's thinking 2 Wish the past (C) Vicky is fed up What is she saying? Use / wish or if only ► (She can't think straight.) I wish I could think straight 1 (She is so tired.)
2 (She gets headaches.)
3 (Her work isn't going well.)
4 (She can't concentrate.)
5 (Life is so complicated.)
3 Wish the past perfect (D) Complete the sentences Use these words: accepted, caught, found, played, saved, stayed ► I spent all my money I wish now that / had saved it 1 I missed the train I really wish
2 Rita left the party early Nick wishes ………
3 Emma refused the offer But her parents wish ………
4 I looked everywhere for the key 1 wish ………
5 The injured player could only watch He wishes ………
4 Wish and if only (B-D) Complete the conversation Claire: Oh, Henry You're giving me another present It's very sweet of you, but I wish (►)yoM wouldn't give me so many presents Henry:
Claire, I've been thinking I shouldn't have asked you to marry me I wish now that (1)
Claire: Now you're talking nonsense I wish (2)………, Henry Henry: I'm not a young man, am I? Of course I wish (3)……… Claire: Why don't you listen? If only (4) ……… to me just this once Henry: Why couldn't we have met twenty years ago? I wish (5) ………you then Claire: Henry, twenty years ago I was just starting school
Trang 3TEST 25 Conditionals and wish (Units 144-149)
Test 25A
Complete the news report about a protest against a new road Put in the correct form of the verbs
Sometimes you need will or would
Yesterday protesters managed to hold up work on the Oldbury bypass Protest leader Alison Compton defended the action by members of the Green World group 'If we don't protest, soon
(►) there'll be (there / be) no countryside left,' she told reporters The bypass is now well behind schedule,
and if the protesters had not held up the work so often, (1)……… (it / open) two months ago 'If these fields (2)……… (disappear), we'll never see them again,' said Ms Compton 'Why can't we use public transport? If more people (3)……… (travel) on buses and trains,
we wouldn't need new roads If the motor car had never existed, the world (4)………(be) a more pleasant place today.'
But many people in Oldbury want their new bypass 'If (5)……… (they / not build) it soon, the traffic jams in the town will get worse,' said Asif Mohammed, whose house is beside the busy A34 'We just can't leave things as they are If things remained the same, people's health
(6)……… (suffer) even more from all the pollution here It's terrible If we don't get the traffic out of the town, (7)……… (I / go) mad If (8)……… (I / know) earlier how bad this problem would get, (9)……… (I / move) out years ago But now it has become impossible to sell this house because of the traffic The government waited too long
If (10)……… (they / do) something sooner, there would be less traffic today'
And the protest is making the new road even more expensive 'If this goes on,
(11) ……… (there / not / be) enough money left to finish the road,' says the Transport Minister
Test 25B
Look at the answers below and write the correct answer in each space
► A: There's always something going wrong with this car
B: If you had any sense, you'd have sold it long ago
a) be selling b) have sold c) sell d) sold
1 A: It's a pity the lake wasn't frozen yesterday
B: Yes, it is If it frozen, we could have gone skating
a) had been b) was c) would be d) would have been
2 A: Haven't you got enough money for a holiday?
B: Oh yes I've got some saved up ………… I suddenly need it
a) if b) in case c) that d) unless
3 A: What are you going to do next year?
B: I wish I ……… the answer to that question
a) knew b) know c) could know d) would know
4 A: These figures are too complicated to work out in your head
B: Yes, if ……… we had a calculator
a) better b) only c) really d) that
5 A: What are you doing later this afternoon?
B: Oh, ……… the game finishes, I'll go home, I expect
a) if b) in case c) unless d) when
6 A: Do you think I should take the job?
B: You shouldn't do anything……… you think it's the right thing to do
a) if b) in case c) unless d) when
Trang 4Test 25C
Write a second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first Begin with // ► I haven't
got a key, so I can't get in If I had a key, I could get in
1 You talk about football and I'm going to be very bored
2 The baby didn't cry, so we had a good sleep
3 You may want a chat, so just give me a ring
4 Nigel hasn't got satellite TV, so he can't watch the game
5 You go away and I'll miss you
6 I'm not rich or I'd have given up working long ago
7 We should have bought that picture five years ago because it would be quite valuable now
8 Throw a stone into water and it sinks
Test 25 D
Write the sentences correctly
► There aren't any eggs If-we have some-eggs I couldmake an omelette // we had some
eggs, I could make an omelette
1 The weather doesn't look very good If it'll rain I'll stay here
2 The programme is starting soon Can you tell me-if-it starts?
3 Could you just listen? 1 -didn't need-to-repeat-things-all-the time if-you listened
4 It's a simple law of science, if air will get-warmer-it rises
5 There's only one key I'd-better-get another one made-if-I-lose-it
6 We were really late, I wish we-left home-earlier
7 I hope the parcel comes today, If it won't arrilve-today,we'll-have-to complain
8 That radio is on loud I wish-someone-turns it-down
9 We must do something Until-we act quickly it'll-be too late
10 Of course Martin was angry But he hadn't been angry if you hadn't damaged his stereo
Trang 5150 But, although and in spite of
A Introduction
This is a news report about Zedco
This year's figures show that Zedco has become profitable and is now doing well in spite of its recent problems Although Chief Executive Barry Douglas has not been in charge for long, there has already been
a dramatic upturn Even though there have been very few job losses at the company, Douglas has managed
to reduce costs Nothing is certain of course, but Zedco can now look forward to a brighter future
The linking words in spite of, although, etc express the idea of a contrast
For example, there is a contrast between Zedco's profits now and its recent problems
B But and although
We can join two sentences with but
The cafe was crowded, but we found a table Nick has a car, but he doesn't often drive it
We can also use although
Although the cafe was crowded, we found a table Although Nick has a car, he doesn't often drive it
The clause with although can come at the end
We found a table, although the cafe was crowded
C Though and even though
Though is informal It means the same as although
Though/Although I liked the sweater, I decided not to buy it
We can also use though at the end of a sentence
/ liked the sweater I decided not to buy it, though
Even though is stronger, more emphatic than although
Matthew looked quite fresh, even though he'd been playing squash
Even though you dislike Jessica, you should try to be nice to her
D In spite of and despite
We use in spite of before a noun or before the ing-form of a verb
Kitty wanted to report on the war in spite of the danger
Mark went on working in spite of feeling unwell We use despite in exactly the
same way as in spite of and with the same meaning
She wanted to go despite the danger He went on working despite feeling unwell
E In spite of and although
I'm no better in spite of the pills/in spite of I'm no better, although I've taken the pills
taking the pills
Laura wants to fly in spite of her fear/in spite of Laura wants to fly, although she feels afraid
feeling afraid NOT in spite
of she feels afraid
We can use in spite of the fact (that) in the same way as although I'm
no better in spite of the fact that I've taken the pills
> page 372 Punctuation
Trang 6150 Exercises
1 But (B)
Complete each sentence with but and one of these clauses:
it didn't break, it's really quite modern, no one laughed, she turned it down
► I dropped the dish, but it didn't break
1 The house looks old,
2 Emma was offered a job,
3 The joke was funny,
2 Although (B)
Rewrite the sentences in Exercise 1 using although
► Although I dropped the dish, it didn't break
1
2
3
3 In spite of and although (E)
Put in although or in spite of
► My sister got the job, although she didn't expect to
1……… I told the absolute truth, no one would believe me
2 Daniel forgot his passport………having it on his list
3………it was sunny, it was quite a cold day
4 The goods were never delivered……….the promise we had received
5 Henry asked Claire to marry him……… the fact that he's a lot older than her
4 But, although, even though, in spite of and despite (A-E)
Complete the report by putting in the correct linking words There is always more than one possible answer
Although the ground was very wet, it was decided to go ahead with United's game against City
United were 1-0 winners (1)……… not playing very well (2)……… the poor conditions, City played some attractive football, (3)……… they just couldn't score (4)……… they lost, their fans gave them a big cheer
5 Although, even though, in spite of and despite (A-E)
Join each pair of sentences Be careful where you put the words in brackets
► Nick used to smoke He seems to be in good health, (although)
Although Nick used to smoke, he seems to be in good health
► I couldn't sleep I was tired, (despite)
/ couldn't sleep despite being tired
1 Trevor didn't notice the sign It was right in front of him (even though)
2 Matthew doesn't know any French It was one of his school subjects, (although)
3 Henry's friend is a millionaire He hates spending money, (despite)
4 We couldn't get tickets We queued for an hour, (in spite of)