Adobe Photoshop CS4 for Photographers phần 9 pptx

Martin Evening Adobe Photoshop CS4 for Photographers 542 Keywording Keywording provides a way to group and organize images within Photoshop. By using keyword tags to describe the image content, you’ll be able to catalog your fi les more comprehensively. If you can, it is usually best to add keywords as new images are added. For example, Figure 11.46 shows a detailed view of the Description section of the File Info dialog where you can add keywords to an image. It is important to note here that each keyword must be separated by a semi colon (;). This is important as it ensures the keywords are clearly separated (see how the keywords are entered in Figure 11.46). Such keyword metadata can also be included when you create a metadata template. For example, every time you shoot a particular sporting event you might want to have a template that applies relevant keyword metadata you always need for these types of assignments, such as the name of the stadium location and home team. Unfortunately, you can’t create a keyword hierarchy as you enter the keywords (see sidebar on ‘Other keywords’). You also need to know the exact keyword phrases to type if they are to match with the keyword data used elsewhere for other images, which is why it is sometimes better to use the Keywords panel to do this. Figure 11.46 The File Info Description section. Where keywords are stored Like other metadata, keyword information (including the keyword hierarchy) is stored directly in the fi le’s XMP space or, in the case of raw fi les, either to the Camera Raw cache database or as a sidecar fi le. The Keywords panel displays the accumulated information that it has read from various image fi les’ metadata and can also be used to write keyword metadata back to the fi les. Other keywords As you enter keywords via the File Info panel, any keywords that are unrecognized will appear listed under the category: ‘ Other Keywords’. You can then use the Keywords panel to rearrange these into a suitable hierarchy and have the option to make them persistent. You will also fi nd that where Bridge is unable to read the hierarchy of keywords that have been entered via another program, these too may appear listed under ‘Other keywords’. 543 Image management Chapter 11 Delete keyword Add new keywordSearch keywords Add new sub keyword Figure 11.47 In this view of the Keywords panel an image was selected and I can see that fi ve keywords were assigned, telling me that this was a photograph taken on Saunders Island in the Falklands islands and that the subject matter was of Magellanic penguins. To make a keyword persistent, use a L-click (Mac) or right-mouse c lic k to open the contextual menu shown here and choose ‘Make Persistent’. Keywords panel The Keyword panel (Figure 11.47) provides a display of all the keywords that are associated with the images currently selected. The Keywords panel provides a basic level of organization, as it allows you to arrange keywords that you come across into a hierarchy list, plus you can also use the Keywords panel to add new keywords. Click on the Add Keyword button to create a keyword category, such as ‘People’ or ‘Places’, type in the name and hit E to add the keyword (or use ‰ to cancel). Y ou can then highlight the k eyword and click on the Add New Sub Keyword button to add more new sub keywords. Once keywords appear listed in the Keywords panel you can make a thumbnail selection within Bridge, go to the Keyword panel and click on the empty square to the left of the desired keyword to apply, or click again to remove. This method allows you to assign one or more keywords to multiple images at once. As long as the ‘Automatically Apply Parent Keywords’ option is checked in the Bridge Keywords preferences (Figure 11.48), checking a sub keyword automatically selects all the parent keywords too. Figure 11.48 The Bridge Keywords preferences. Martin Evening Adobe Photoshop CS4 for Photographers 544 Search criteria The search criteria can be almost anything you want. The source folder will default to the folder you are viewing in the front-most Bridge window, but you can select other folders to look in and, in some cases, it will be necessary to select a folder that contains a lot of subfolders, where you’ll need to make sure that the ‘Include All Subfolders’ option is checked. The search criteria can be adapted in many ways. For example, you can include search terms where you ask Bridge to search for fi les that exclude specifi c criteria. The keyword information accumulates as you select further images and you will notice that some of the ‘visited image’ keywords appear in italics. This indicates that they are only temporary. If you quit Bridge and relaunch, the temporary keywords will all be cleared from the list. To make keywords more permanent use the contextual menu (described in Figure 11.47) to make them persistent. Image searches Image searching is now mostly faster in Bridge CS4. The new search fi eld allows you to use a standard Bridge search or use a system-based fi le search (such as Spotlight on the Mac). All you have to do is select the folder you want to search in, enter the phrase you want to search by and hit E or R. This will carry out an instant search that includes all subfolders. If that f ails to produce an y results, or you want to expand the search criteria, you can click on the New Search button which will open the Find dialog shown in Step 3. Here, you’ll fi nd more search options such as the ability to combine different match criteria and match policies. If Bridge has not had a chance to cache the fi les in all folders yet, you can select the ‘Include Non-Indexed Files’ option. This will make for more thorough, but slower searches. 1 This shows a Bridge window view where I was about to carry out a fi le search of a master Casting photos folder, looking for any images that matched the term ‘Courtney’. You’ll note that there are three search options available. In this instance I used a Bridge search, which would carry out a search by fi le name and keywords. 545 Image management Chapter 11 Skipping the Bridge search fi eld You can skip the Bridge search fi eld completely and open the Find dialog shown in Step 3 directly. Just go to the Edit menu and choose ‘Find’, or use the Cf Lf keyboard shortcut. 2 The standard Bridge search gave no results, so I clicked on the New Search button. 3 This opened the Find dialog, which allowed me to expand the search criteria used. Here, I changed the ‘File Name’ criteria to ‘All Metadata (note: you’ll have to retype the search phrases again when you do this) and clicked ‘Find’. 4 This time I was more successful, because Bridge now included all metadata search criteria such as the Caption IPTC metadata that had been edited via Lightroom and the results of the search were now displayed in the Content panel area. Martin Evening Adobe Photoshop CS4 for Photographers 546 Collections panel The Collections panel (Figure 11.49) is kind of new to Bridge CS4. I say ‘kind of’ because there was previously a Collections panel in Bridge, which has now made a return by being better as well as smarter than before. The ability to create collections is an important feature in any image management program (such as Lightroom), but it’s even more important for a fi le browser program such as Bridge. This is because collections can allow you to quickly access specifi c groups of images. To create a new collection, all you have to do is make a selection of images in Bridge and then click on the Add New Collection button in the Collections panel. Or, you can click on the Add New Collection button fi rst to create a new collection and then drag fi les to the collection. You see, with collections you are not limited to refi ning the images in single folders; you can drag image across from other folders in order to create a group of images. In Figure 11.49 I highlighted the ‘Portfolio selections’ collection, and as the title suggests, this collection could be used to store images that have portfolio potential. To remove photos from a collection, you need to make a selection of the photos and then click on the Remove From Collection button (Figure 11.50). To delete a collection, select the collection in the Collections panel and then click the Delete button. Figure 11.49 The Collections panel showing normal and smart collections. Figure 11.50 To remove a fi le (or fi les) from a collection, click on the Remove From Collection button (circled). Delete collection Add new smart collectionEdit smart collection Add new collection 547 Image management Chapter 11 Figure 11.51 This shows the Edit Smart Collection dialog and, below, the results that the Smart Collection settings produced. Smart Collections As well as creating normal collections, you can also click on the Add New Smart collection button to open the Edit Smart Collection dialog shown in Figure 11.51, where you can choose the folder group to look in, followed by the various criteria to fi lter by. In Figure 11.51 I fi ltered the images in the Retouched masters folder to create a collection containing PSD fi les only with a two star rating or higher. Smart Collection rules The Criteria section can be used to add one or more fi le selection criteria and each item will have conditional rules. So for example, when you select ‘Document Type’, you can choose to fi lter according to whether fi les equal or don’t equal this criteria. When the ‘Rating’ option is selected you can choose to fi lter according to whether fi les have the exact same rating, or the same and greater, etc. Next comes the Match section. If you select the ‘If any criteria are met’ option, this acts as an ‘AND’ sort function, where fi les are sorted according to whether they meet any one of the individual criteria. If the ‘If all criteria are met’ option is selected, this acts as an ‘OR’ sort function, where fi les are sorted according to whether they meet all of the individual criteria. Martin Evening Adobe Photoshop CS4 for Photographers 548 Output to Web and PDF There has been a radical shake-up in the way web galleries and contact sheets are generated in CS4. These are now Bridge output options and both have brand new interfaces. Not too much has been lost in this transition and there are a few small improvements, although in my view the changes in CS4 represent only a tiny step forward and there’s been a missed opportunity here to make some really signifi cant improvements to the Web and Contact sheet output. To put Bridge into output mode, click on the Output workspace. This will reveal the Output Preview and Output panels, where you can choose between the PDF and Web Gallery output options Web output We’ll start with the Web Gallery output, which can be used to process selected images and automatically generate all the HTML code that’s needed to build a website, complete with thumbnail images, individual gallery pages and navigable link buttons. This feature can Automatic sRGB conversions Prior to CS4 you had to make sure that all the RGB source fi les were in the sRGB color space, otherwise the colors could look very different when viewed in a non-color managed web browser (i.e. just about all web browsers). Bridge CS4 now automatically converts everything to sRGB. Figure 11.52 This shows an example of a Web Gallery output preview in Bridge. 549 Image management Chapter 11 save you many hours of repetitious work. Imagine you have a set of Photoshop images that need forwarding to a client or colleague. When you build a self-contained web gallery (such as the example shown in Figure 11.52), the processed images and HTML pages can be output to a destination folder or uploaded directly to a designated server address. The source can be any folder of images, regardless of whether they are in RGB or CMYK color mode, because the Web Gallery output process converts all images to sRGB anyway and the image order can be changed by simply dragging the thumbnails in the Bridge window. It is not essential that you resize them to the exact viewing size, as the ‘Web Gallery’ options allow you to precisely scale the gallery images and thumbnails down in size while they are being processed. There is a choice of 19 template styles to choose from in Bridge, a few of which are shown in Figures 11.53– 11.57. Some of these templates have a simple HTML table design, while others utilize frames and basic JavaScript. All these gallery styles can be customized to varying extents by adjusting the settings shown in Figures 11.58–11.61. Once you have selected a gallery style and adjusted the settings, you can then click on the Preview in Browser button (circled in Figure 11.52) to see an updated preview in the Output Preview panel. This offers a quick overview of the gallery layout using the photos that you are about to process and does so without leaving Bridge. Alternatively, you can use the Preview in Browser button to generate a temporary website on-the-fl y that can be previewed in an actual browser program. Now, the thing to be aware of here is that whichever method you choose, the output preview only generates a gallery preview from the fi rst 10 photos that have been selected in the Content panel. The reason for this is because the web gallery has to rebuild from the original source fi les each time you make the slightest change to a gallery layout (even if its just a simple change to the banner description). For this reason, the Web Gallery previews are restricted to no more than 10 photos. Web Photo Gallery alternative If you want to know what happened to the Web Photo Gallery, it has been removed from the default installation of CS4, but it can still be installed into Photoshop (not Bridge). There should be a folder called ‘Extras’ on the CS4 DVD and you’ll need to look out for the WebContactSheetII. plugin and install this in the Photoshop application/Plug-ins/Automate folder. You will also need to copy across the Web Photo Gallery folder and place it in the Photoshop application/Presets folder. Now restart Photoshop. Once you have done this, you will fi nd that the Web Photo Gallery appears listed in the File ➯ Automate submenu. This will then give you access to all the extra ‘old style’ gallery templates, which include useful gallery styles such as the Feedback template, where visitors can send you an email that includes their chosen selection of images plus any feedback comments. Unfortunately, you won’t be able to generate web galleries from selected photos in Bridge. Your only option will be to output direct from a chosen folder. Or, you could still keep Bridge CS3 installed on your computer for those times when you wish to use the old Web Photo Gallery feature via the Tools menu. Martin Evening Adobe Photoshop CS4 for Photographers 550 Figure 11.53 The Standard ‘Medium Thumbnail’ gallery style. Figure 11.54 The Filmstrip ‘Darkroom’ gallery style. Output gallery styles This shows you a few examples of the Web Gallery templates in Photoshop CS4. These pages were created using the default Web Gallery settings. As you will read over the page, there is plenty of scope for you to produce your own customized Web Photo Gallery pages. Output gallery settings Over the next four pages (550–553) I have provided a run- down of all the Web Gallery output options, and included the alternative panel options where these vary for the different types of gallery styles. 551 Image management Chapter 11 Figure 11.55 The default Lightroom Flash gallery style. Figure 11.56 The Lightroom Flash Gallery ‘Warm Day’ gallery style (shown here in Slideshow page mode). Figure 11.57 The Lightroom HTML gallery style. [...]... CMYK For example, the Photoshop prepress color settings all use Adobe RGB as the RGB working space Adobe RGB was initially labeled as SMPTE-240M which was a color gamut proposed for HDTV production As it happens, the coordinates Adobe used did not exactly match the actual SMPTE-240M specification Nevertheless, it proved popular as an editing space for repro work and soon became known as Adobe RGB ( 199 8)... via the PCS Workspace RGB 5 69 Martin Evening Adobe Photoshop CS4 for Photographers The ideal RGB working space If you select an RGB workspace that is the same size as the monitor space, you are not using Photoshop to its full potential and more importantly you are probably clipping parts of the CMYK gamut (see Figure 12.7) For many years I would have advised you to choose Adobe RGB as your workspace,... this chapter is to introduce the basic concepts of color management before looking at the color management interface in Photoshop and the various color management settings 561 Martin Evening Adobe Photoshop CS4 for Photographers The need for color management An advertising agency art buyer was once invited to address a meeting of photographers The chair, Mike Laye, suggested we could ask him anything... Adobe RGB ( 199 8) I have in the past used Adobe RGB as my preferred RGB working space, since it is well suited for RGB to CMYK color conversions 571 Martin Evening Adobe Photoshop CS4 for Photographers Eyeball calibration If you don’t have a monitor calibration device, you can always build a profile for your monitor using a visual calibration method You could, for example, use the Display Calibration...Martin Evening Adobe Photoshop CS4 for Photographers Figure 11.58 The Site Info panel can be used to add extra information such as a title and caption for the gallery pages and contact info For example, you could type in your name, and the email address you enter below will become a link that is associated... posterized in Photoshop and then captured from the view that was displayed on the monitor Notice how the posterized steps grow wider in the yellow and cyan portions of the spectrum This simple exercise helps pinpoint the areas of the CMYK spectrum which fall outside the gamut of a typical monitor Adobe RGB ( 199 8) Adobe RGB ( 199 8) has become established as a recommended RGB editing space for RGB files... uploaded there For example, you can only use the Create Gallery panel to add folders to the server You can’t use it to remove them 553 Martin Evening Adobe Photoshop CS4 for Photographers Output preferences There are just a few final points to take into consideration when generating output files via Bridge If you go to the Output preferences (Figure 11.62), you can check the ‘Use Solo mode for Output panel... use the native white point If given the option, save a small profile size for CRT profiles and large profile size for LCD profiles LCD hardware calibration Some high-end LCD displays are also beginning to feature hardware-level calibration such as Eizo Coloredge and Mitsubishi Spectraview 573 Martin Evening Adobe Photoshop CS4 for Photographers Camera Raw profiling As was explained in Chapter 3, the Camera... ICC profile back to you For example, Neil Barstow of www colourmanagement.net is offering a special discount rate to readers of this book (see the back of the book for more details) Figure 12.12 Once a print profile has been printed out, the color patches can be read using a spectrophotometer and the measurements used to build an ICC profile 575 Martin Evening Adobe Photoshop CS4 for Photographers Figure... ICC format specification is standardized, this is one area where there are some subtle differences in the way each CMM handles the data In Photoshop you have a choice of three CMMs: Adobe Color Engine (ACE), Apple ColorSync, or Apple CMM There are other brands of CMM that you can use as well, but this really need not concern most Photoshop users as I recommend you use the default Adobe (ACE) CMM in Photoshop . Content panel area. Martin Evening Adobe Photoshop CS4 for Photographers 546 Collections panel The Collections panel (Figure 11. 49) is kind of new to Bridge CS4. I say ‘kind of’ because there. Martin Evening Adobe Photoshop CS4 for Photographers 542 Keywording Keywording provides a way to group and organize images within Photoshop. By using keyword tags to describe. criteria. Martin Evening Adobe Photoshop CS4 for Photographers 548 Output to Web and PDF There has been a radical shake-up in the way web galleries and contact sheets are generated in CS4. These are