Adobe Photoshop CS4 for Photographers phần 2 pptx

45 Photoshop fundamentals Chapter 1 Figure 1.55 I mostly use the healing brush and clone stamp tools to retouch small blemishes or to remove sensor dust marks from photographs. In this example I have shown how the clone stamp tool can be used to paint detail from one part of an image onto another. Note how the retouching is applied to an empty new layer and the Sample: ‘Current & Below’ layers option was selected in the Options bar. Martin Evening Adobe Photoshop CS4 for Photographers 46 Blending modes Photoshop image layers can be made to blend with the layers below them using any of the 25 different blending modes. Layer effects/styles allow you to add effects such as drop shadows, gradient/pattern fi lls or glows to any layer. Custom styles can be loaded from and saved to the Styles panel. Figure 1.56 The above Layers panel shows the layer contents of a multi-layered Photoshop image. The diagram on the right shows the image that this Layers panel view refers to, where the layers have been pulled apart. Working with Layers Photoshop layers allow you to edit an image by building up the retouching and added bits in multiple layered sections, such as in the example shown in Figure 1.56. A layer can be an image element, such as a duplicated background layer, a copied selection made into a layer, or content that has been copied from another image. Or, it can be text or a vector shape layer. Or lastly, these are adjustment layers which are like image adjustment instructions applied in a layered form. Layers can be placed together in groups, which makes the layer organization easier to manage, and you can apply masking to the contents of a layer with either a pixel layer mask or a vector mask. You will fi nd plenty of examples throughout this book where I show you how to work with layers and layer masks. 47 Photoshop fundamentals Chapter 1 Figure 1.57 The Actions panel. Figure 1.58 With Photoshop droplets you can apply a batch action operation by simply dragging and dropping an image fi le or a folder of images onto a droplet. Automating Photoshop Why spend more time than you have to performing repetitive tasks when Photoshop is able to automate many of these processes for you? For example, the Actions panel will let you load and save Photoshop actions, which are basically recordable Photoshop scripts. In Figure 1.57 you can see a screen shot of the Actions panel displaying an expanded view of the Default Actions set. As you can see from the action descriptions, these will perform automated tasks such as adding a vignette or creating a wood frame edge effect. OK, these are not exactly the sort of actions you would use every day, but if you go to the panel fl y-out menu and select Load Actions you will be taken to the Photoshop CS4/Presets/Photoshop Actions folder. Here you will fi nd lots of useful actions that are worth installing. If someone sends you a Photoshop action, such as via email, all you have to do is to double-click it and this will automatically install the action in the Actions folder and, if Photoshop is not running at the time, launch the program at the same time. To run an action, you will usually need to have a document already open in Photoshop and then press the Play button. It is also quite easy to record your own custom actions and once you get the hang of how to do this you can progress to using the File ➯ Automate ➯ Batch function to apply a recorded action to a batch of images, as well as converting actions into droplets, which are like self-contained batch action operations (Figure 1.58). In Chapter 15 I will explain in more detail how to automate Photoshop using these methods. Martin Evening Adobe Photoshop CS4 for Photographers 48 Nudging layers and selections The keyboard arrow keys can be used to nudge a layer or selection in 1 pixel (10 pixels with the S key also held down) increments. A series of nudg es count as a single Photoshop step in history and is undone with a single undo or step back in history. Figure 1.59 The move tool Options bar. Move tool alignment options The move tool Options panel now also integrates the alignment options that were previously only listed in the Layer menu. To fi nd out more about layer alignment and distribution refer to page 472. Group or layer There is a menu item in the move tool Options panel that will allow you to choose between Group or Layer auto-selection. When Layer is selected, Photoshop only auto-selects individual layers. But when Group is selected, Photoshop will auto- select whole layer groups. Move tool The move tool can perform many functions such as moving layer contents, directly moving layers from one document to another, copying layers, applying transforms, plus selecting and aligning multiple layers. In this respect the move tool might be more accurately described as a move/ transform/alignment tool. The move tool can also be activated any time another tool is selected by holding down the C L key (except for the slice, slice select, hand, pen tool or path selection tools). Holding down the O A key while the move tool is selected will then let you copy a layer or selection contents. It is therefore useful to know that using the O A key plus C L (the move tool shortcut) will let you make a copy of a layer or selection contents when any other tool is selected (apart from those I just listed). If the Show Transform Controls box is checked a bounding box will appear around the bounds of the selected layer and, when you mouse down on the bounding box handles to transform the layer, the Options bar will change to display the numeric transform controls . Layer selection using the move tool When the move tool is selected, dragging with the move tool will move a layer or image selection contents (the cursor does not have to be centered on the object or selection, it can be anywhere in the image window). However, when the Auto-Select Layer option is switched on, the move tool will auto-select the uppermost layer containing the most opaque image data below the cursor; this can be useful when you have a large numbers of image layers stacked up. The move tool also makes multiple layer selection possible, because when the move tool is in the Auto-Select Layer mode you can marquee drag with the move tool from outside the canvas area to select multiple layers, the same way as you make a marquee selection using the mouse cursor to select multiple folders or documents in the Finder/Explorer (see Figure 1.60). It 49 Photoshop fundamentals Chapter 1 Figure 1.60 When the move tool is selected and the Auto-Select Layer box is checked, you can marquee drag with the move tool from outside of the canvas area inwards to select specifi c multiple layers. If the ‘Auto-Select Layer’ option is deselected, you can also hold down C L to temporarily switch the move tool to the Auto-Select Layer mode. Align/Distribute layers When several layers are linked together, you can click on the Align and Distribute buttons in the Options bar as an alternative to navigating via the Layer ➯ Align Linked and Distribute Linked menus (see Chapter 9 for more about the Align and Distribute commands). Layer selection shortcuts You can at any time use the COa LOa shortcut to select all layers. But note that the mo ve tool layer selection method will not select layers that are locked. So if you use the Auto-Select layer mode to marquee drag across the image to make a layer selection, the background layer will not be included in the selection. is also worth noting that if you have the move tool selected and the Auto-Select Layer option is currently unchecked, holding down C L will temporarily invert the state of the move tool to Auto-Select Layer mode. Where you have many layers that overlap, remember there is a Contextual mode for the move tool that will help you target specifi c layers (use L right mouse-click to access the Contextual layer menu). Any layer with an opacity greater than 50% will then show up in the contextual menu, allowing you to select a specifi c layer beneath the cursor point with greater precision. Client: ET Nail Art Model: Susannah @ Storm Makeup: Camilla Pascucci Martin Evening Adobe Photoshop CS4 for Photographers 50 Zoom tool Eyedropper Color sampler Measure tool Count tool Notes tool Rotate View tool Hand tool Figure 1.61 The Info panel showing an eyedropper color reading, a measurement readout, plus two color sampler readouts below. Navigation and information tools To zoom in on an image you can either click with the zoom tool to magnify or drag with the zoom tool, marqueeing the area you wish to inspect in close-up. This combines a zoom and scroll function in one (in Normal mode, a plus icon appears inside the magnifying glass icon). To zoom out, hold down the O A key and click (the plus sign is replaced with a minus sign). Y ou can also zoom in by holding down the Spacebar + C key (Mac) or Spacebar + L key (PC). This keyboard shortcut calls up the zoom tool and you can then click to zoom in. Y ou can also zoom out by holding down the Spacebar + O key (Mac) or Spacebar + A key (PC). This keyboard shortcut calls up the zoom tool in zoom out mode and you can then click to zoom out. Note that these shortcuts cannot be used if the type tool is selected. When you are viewing an image in close-up, you can select the hand tool from the Tools panel or Application bar and drag to scroll the image on the screen, plus you can also hold down the Spacebar at any time to temporarily access the hand tool (except when the type tool is selected). The hand and zoom tools also have another navigational function. You can double-click the hand tool icon in the Tools panel to make an image fi t to screen and double-click the zoom tool icon to magnify an image to 100%. The eyedropper tool can be used to measure pixel values directly from a Photoshop document – these values will be displayed in the Info panel, as shown in Figure 1.61. The color sampler tools can be used to place up to four color samplers in an image to provide persistent readouts of the pixel values. This is useful for those times when you need to closely monitor the pixel values as you make adjustments to an image. The measure tool can be used to measure distance and angles in an image and, again, this data is displayed in the Info panel. The count tool is only available in the extended version and is perhaps more useful to those working in areas like medical research, where you can use the count tool to count the number of cells in a microscope image. Zoom resize shortcuts As well as double-clicking the tools panel icons (as described in the main text), you will also fi nd some button options in the hand and zoom tool Options bar. These buttons will let you resize the image screen display to: Actual Pixels, Fit Screen, Fill Screen and Print Size. Eyedropper sampling The eyedropper tool options now allow you to sample colors based on the ‘Current Layer’ or ‘All Layers’. 51 Photoshop fundamentals Chapter 1 Figure 1.62 If a window document is in OpenGL mode and in a close-up view, you can hold down the h key and click with the mouse to access a bird’s-eye view of the whole image. You can then drag the rectangle outline shown here to scroll the image and release to return to a close-up of the image centered around this new view. More zoom keyboard shortcuts Traditionally, the CO0 LA0 shortcut can be used to zoom in to a 100% pixels view and the C0 L0 shortcut is used to zoom out to pro vide a fi t to screen zoom view. Photoshop CS4 now also uses the C1 L1 shor tcut to zoom to 100%. T his has been implemented in order to unify the window document zoom controls across all of the Creative Suite applications. As a consequence of this, the channel selection shortcuts have been shifted along two numbers. C2 L2 selects the composite c hannel and you now need to use C3 L3 to select the red c hannel, C4 L4 to select the green channel and so on. T he Tilde key has also changed use. Prior to CS4 C ~ L ~ was used to select the composite color c hannels (after selecting a red, green or b lue channel) but is now used to toggle between open window documents. Another handy zoom shortcut is C+ L+ to zoom in and C- L- to zoom out (note that the + key is reall y the = k ey and the - key is the one just to the left of the = k ey). If your mouse has a wheel, you can use it with the O A key held down to zoom in or out. If you have OpenGL enab led you can carry out a continuous zoom by simply holding down the zoom tool (and use the O A k ey + zoom tool to zoom out). Also , if you have a MacBook Air or later MacBook Pro Laptop, CS4 supports two-fi ngered zoom gestures such as drawing two fi ngers together to zoom in and spreading two fi ngers apart to zoom out. Flick panning With OpenGL enabled in the Photoshop Performance preferences, you can also check the Enable Flick Panning option in the General preferences (see page 95). When this option is activated, Photoshop will respond to a fl ick of the mouse pan gesture by continuing to scroll the image in the direction you fi rst scrolled, taking into account the acceleration of the fl ick movement. When you have located the area of interest just click again with the mouse to stop the image from scrolling any further. Bird’s-eye view Another OpenGL option is the Bird’s-eye view feature. If you are viewing an image in a close-up view and hold down the h key as you click with the mouse and hold, the image view will swiftly zoom out to fi t to the screen and at the same time show an outline of the close-up view screen area (a bit like the way the Navigator panel view works). With the h key and mouse key still held down, you can then click and drag to reposition the close-up view outline, release the mouse, and the close-up view will recenter to the newly selected area in the image. Martin Evening Adobe Photoshop CS4 for Photographers 52 Figure 1.63 The rotate view tool shown here in action. Rotate view shortcut The rotate view tool uses the r keyboard shortcut, which was previously assigned to the blur/sharpen/sponge tool set. I reckon this will be generally accepted as a positive move, but you can, if desired, use the Keyboard Shortcuts menu described on page 24 to reassign the keyboard shortcuts to whatever scheme you prefer. Photograph: Eric Richmond Rotate view tool If OpenGL is enabled in the Photoshop preferences (Performance section), you can use the new rotate view tool to rotate the Photoshop image canvas (as shown below in Figure 1.63). Having the ability to quickly rotate the image view can sometimes make it easier to carry out certain types of retouching work, rather than be forced to draw or paint at an uncomfortable angle. To use the rotate view tool, select it from the Tools panel and click and drag in a window to rotate the image around the center axis. As you do this, you will see a compass overlay that indicates the image position relative to the default view angle (indicated in red), which can be useful when you are zoomed in close on an image. If you hit ‰ or click on the Reset V iew button in the Options bar, this resets the view angle to ‘Normal’ again. 53 Photoshop fundamentals Chapter 1 Figure 1.65 This shows an example of the notes tool in action. Figure 1.64 The new Notes panel. g ure 1 . 64 Th e new N otes pane l. Notes tool The notes tool is handy for adding sticky notes to an open image in Photoshop. Photoshop CS4 has done away with open note windows and uses instead a Notes panel (Figure 1.64) to store the recorded note messages. This new method makes the notes display and management easier to control. I use this tool quite a lot at work because when a client calls me to discuss a retouching job, I can open the image, click on the area that needs to be worked on and use the Notes panel to type in the instructions for whatever further retouching needs to be done (usually with the receiver in one hand and typing with the other!) However, if the client you are working with has Photoshop, they can use the notes feature to mark up images, which when opened in Photoshop can be inspected as shown in Figure 1.65 below. Martin Evening Adobe Photoshop CS4 for Photographers 54 Full screen view mode The Full screen view mode is usually the best view mode for concentrated retouching work as it allows full movement of the image, not limited by the edges of the document bounds. In other words, you can scroll the image to have a corner centered in the screen and edit things like path points outside the bounds of the document. Also note that the f key can be used to cyc le betw een screen modes and Sf to cycle backwards. Screen view modes In Figure 1.66 I have highlighted the screen view mode options in the Application bar, where you can switch between the three main screen view modes. The standard screen view displays the application window the way it has been shown in all the previous screen shots and allows you to view the document windows as fl oating windows or tabbed to the dock area. In Full screen mode, the frontmost document fi lls the screen, while allowing you to see the menus and panels. Lastly, the Absolute full screen view mode displays a full screen view without showing the menus and panels. Figure 1.66 This illustration highlights the Screen mode options in the Application bar and you can see an example here of the three screen view modes in the Photoshop interface, showing the standard document window view (top), Full screen view (middle) and the Absolute full screen view (bottom). Standard screen view Full screen view Absolute full screen view [...]... requirements and, as Photoshop has previously been written for Carbon, this announcement came too late for Adobe (or other software companies) to update their code for Cocoa For more information on this subject, check out Scott Byer’s Adobe blog: http://blogs .adobe. com/ scottbyer /20 06/ 12/ 64_bitswhen.html, as well as John Nack’s coverage of this topic at: http://blogs .adobe. com/jnack /20 08/04/ photoshop_ lr_64.html... Martin Evening Adobe Photoshop CS4 for Photographers PDF versatility The PDF format in Photoshop is particularly useful for sending Photoshop images to people who don’t have Photoshop, but do have Adobe Reader™ on their computer If they have a full version of Adobe Acrobat they will even be able to conduct a limited amount of editing, such as the ability to edit the contents of a text layer Photoshop is... the image in Photoshop Some formats such as PSD and PSB are best suited for archiving master image files, while others, such as TIFF, are ideally suited for prepress work Photoshop native file format The Photoshop file format is a universal file format and therefore a logical choice when saving and archiving your master files, since the Photoshop (PSD) format will recognize and contain all known Photoshop. .. Figure 1. 82 below) Figure 1. 82 If you try to open a generic Acrobat PDF from within Photoshop by choosing File ➯ Open, or File ➯ Place, you will see the Import PDF or Place PDF dialog shown here This will allow you to select individual or multiple pages or selected images only and open these in Photoshop or place them within a new Photoshop document 69 Martin Evening Adobe Photoshop CS4 for Photographers. .. Camera Raw stage before taking an image into Photoshop 77 Martin Evening Adobe Photoshop CS4 for Photographers ATWs Easter eggs Being a member of the team that makes Photoshop has many rewards But one of the perks is having the opportunity to add little office in-jokes in a secret spot on the Photoshop splash screen It’s a sign of what spending long hours building a new version of Photoshop will do to... Reed Adobe On-line Adobe On-line is available from the Help menu and lets you access any latebreaking information along with on-line help and professional Photoshop tips Figure 1. 92 Can you find Merlin? Figure 1.93 The Stonehenge beta splash screen 78 Chapter 2 Configuring Photoshop I n order to get the best performance out of Photoshop, you need to ensure that your computer system has been optimized for. .. than 2 GB anyway But there are exceptions, such as ColorByte’s ImagePrint and Onyx’s PosterShop For this reason the 30,000 × 30,000 limit has been retained for all existing file formats in Photoshop, where the TIFF specification is limited to 4 GB and the native Photoshop PSD format limit is 2 GB maximum size You also have to bear in mind that only Photoshop CS or later is capable of reading the PSB format... Photoshop, PDF, PSB and TIFF formats are capable of supporting all the Photoshop features such as vector masks and image adjustment layers But for Photoshop format documents to be completely compatible with other programs (especially Photoshop Lightroom), you must ensure you have ‘Maximize PSD and PSB Compatibility’ checked in the Photoshop File Handling preferences The reason for this is because Lightroom... off Smart PSD files Adobe InDesign and Adobe Dreamweaver will let you share Photoshop format files between these separate applications so that any changes made to a Photoshop file will automatically be updated in the other program This modular approach means that most Adobe graphics programs are able to seamlessly integrate with each other PSD lossless compression The native Photoshop format is usually... flattened version File formats Photoshop supports nearly all the current, well-known image file formats And for those that are not supported, you will find that certain specialized file format plug-ins are supplied as extras on the Photoshop application DVD, which when installed in the Plug-ins folder will allow you to extend the range of file formats that can be chosen when saving Your choice of format when saving . step in Photoshop s memory. So if only one or two tile areas are altered by a Photoshop action, only the data change for those tiles is recorded. Martin Evening Adobe Photoshop CS4 for Photographers 58 disk. typical Photoshop retouching session. ure 1.77 The Non-linear histor y option A B C Martin Evening Adobe Photoshop CS4 for Photographers 62 Figure 1.79 When fi les won’t open up directly in Photoshop. using a fi le format that is capable of containing these extra items. Martin Evening Adobe Photoshop CS4 for Photographers 64 The ‘save everything’ fi le formats There are four main fi le formats that