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706 Part IV ✦ Layers, Objects, and Text Figure 15-15: The results of the four antialias settings, which you choose from a pop-up menu on the Options bar in Photoshop 6 Applying paragraph formatting Photoshop 6 brings the addition of paragraph formatting options, including justifi- cation, alignment, hyphenation, line spacing, indent, and even first-line indent. With the exception of the alignment option, all these options appear only in the new Paragraph palette and affect text that you create inside a bounding box. (See the section “Creating and manipulating text in a frame,” earlier in this chapter, for infor- mation about this method of adding text.) Figure 15-16 provides a field guide to the Paragraph palette and also shows the palette menu. Like the Character palette menu, this one offers additional choices related to paragraph formatting. Photoshop can apply formatting to each paragraph in a bounding box indepen- dently of the others. Click with the type tool inside a paragraph to alter the format- ting of that paragraph only. To format multiple paragraphs, drag over them. If you want to format all paragraphs in the bounding box, click the type layer in the Layers palette, which selects the whole shebang. You also can click the type and then press Ctrl+A. When no text is selected, you can restore the palette’s default paragraph settings by choosing Reset Paragraph from the Paragraph palette menu. Tip Note 6 Photoshop 6 707 Chapter 15 ✦ Fully Editable Text Figure 15-16: If you create text in a bounding box, you can control how text flows inside the box by using the options in the new Paragraph palette. Alignment The alignment options, found both in the Paragraph palette and on the Options bar, let you control how lines of type align with each other. Photoshop lets you align text left, center, or right. Figure 15-17 labels the alignment options along with the justification options, explained next. The lines on the alignment buttons indicate what each option does, and they change depending on whether you’re formatting vertical or horizontal type. Figure 15-17: In addition to aligning individual lines of type with each other, you can apply paragraph justification to text in Photoshop 6. Align left Align center Align right Alignment buttons Indent options Justification buttons Paragraph spacing options 708 Part IV ✦ Layers, Objects, and Text If you create bounding-box text, Photoshop aligns text with respect to the bound- aries of the box. For example, if you draw a bounding box with the right alignment option selected, the text cursor appears at the right edge of the box and moves to the left as you type. For vertical type, the right-align and left-align options align text to the bottom and top of the bounding box, respectively. You must choose a differ- ent alignment option to relocate the cursor; you can’t simply click at another spot in the bounding box. When you create point text— that is, by simply clicking in the image window instead of drawing a bounding box — the alignment occurs with respect to the first spot you click and affects all lines on the current text layer. You can change the alignment using standard keyboard tricks. Press Ctrl+Shift+L to align selected lines to the left. Ctrl+Shift+C centers text, and Ctrl+Shift+R aligns it to the right. Roman Hanging Punctuation One additional alignment option controls the alignment of punctuation marks. You can choose to have punctuation marks fall outside the bounding box so that the first and last characters in all lines of type are letters or numbers. This setup can create a cleaner-looking block of text. Choose Roman Hanging Punctuation from the Paragraph palette menu to toggle the option on and off. Justification The justification options adjust text so that it stretches from one edge of the bound- ing box to another. The different options, labeled in Figure 15-18, affect the way Photoshop deals with the last line in a paragraph. Choose left justify to align the line to the left edge of the box; right justify to align to the right edge; and center to put the line smack dab between the left and right edges. With force justify, Photoshop adjusts the spacing of the last line of text so that it, too, fills the entire width of the bounding box. This option typically produces ugly results, especially with very short lines, because you wind up with huge gullies between words. However, if you want to space a word evenly across an area of your image, you can use force justify to your advantage. Drag the bounding box to match the size of the area you want to cover, type the word, and then choose the force justify option. If you later change the size of the bounding box, the text shifts accordingly. You can further control how Photoshop justifies text by using the spacing options in the Justification dialog box, also shown in Figure 15-18. To open the dialog box, choose Justification from the Paragraph palette menu. You can adjust the amount of space allowed between words and characters, and you can specify whether you want to alter the width of glyphs — a fancy word meaning the individual characters in a font. Here’s what you need to know: ✦ The values reflect a percentage of default spacing. The default word spacing is 100 percent, which gives you a normal space character between words. You can increase word spacing to 1,000 percent of the norm or reduce it to 0 percent. Tip 6 Photoshop 6 6 Photoshop 6 Tip 6 Photoshop 6 709 Chapter 15 ✦ Fully Editable Text Figure 15-18: The justification options let you control how Photoshop adjusts your text when justifying it. ✦ The default letter spacing is 0 percent, which means no space between characters. The maximum letter spacing value is 500 percent; the minimum is –100 percent. ✦ For glyphs, the default value is 100 percent, which leaves the characters at their original width. You can stretch the characters to 200 percent of their original width or squeeze them to 50 percent. Enter your ideal value for each option into the Desired box. Whenever possible, Photoshop uses these values. The Minimum and Maximum options tell Photoshop how much it can alter the spacing or character width when justifying text. If you wind up with text that’s crammed too tightly into the bounding box, raise the Minimum values. Similarly, if the text looks too far apart, lower the Maximum val- ues. Enter negative values to set a value lower than 0 percent. You can’t enter a Minimum value that’s larger than the Desired value or a Maximum value that’s smaller than the Desired value. Nor can you enter a Desired value that’s larger than Maximum or smaller than Minimum. If you want a specific character width used consistently throughout your text, use the Horizontal scale option in the Character palette rather than the Glyph spacing option. You can apply Horizontal scaling to regular text as well as paragraph text. Tip Note Justify left Justify center Justify right Force justify 710 Part IV ✦ Layers, Objects, and Text As for that Auto Leading option at the bottom of the Justification dialog box, it deter- mines the amount of leading that’s used when you select Auto from the Leading pop- up menu in the Character palette. For information on additional paragraph spacing controls, keep reading. Indents and paragraph spacing The five option boxes in the Paragraph palette control the amount of space between individual paragraphs in a bounding box and between the text and the edges of the bounding box. Figure 15-19 labels each option. Figure 15-19: Enter values into the top three option boxes to adjust the paragraph indent; use the bottom options to change spacing before and after a paragraph. Photoshop’s indent options work the same as their counterparts in just about every program on the planet. But just to cover all bases, here’s the drill: ✦ Enter values in the top two option boxes to indent the entire paragraph from the left edge or right edge of the box. ✦ To indent the first line of the paragraph only, enter a value into the first-line indent option box, which sits all alone on the second row of option boxes. Enter a positive value to shove the first line to the right; enter a negative value to push it leftward, so that it extends beyond the left edge of the other lines in the paragraph. ✦ Use the bottom option boxes to increase the space before a paragraph (left box) and after a paragraph (right box). In all cases, you must press Enter to apply the change. To set the unit of measure- ment for these options, use the Type pop-up menu in the Preferences dialog box; you can choose from pixels, points, and millimeters. As is the case with options in the Note Space before First line indent Left indent Right indent Space after 711 Chapter 15 ✦ Fully Editable Text Character palette, however, you can enter the value using some other unit of mea- surement by typing the value followed by the unit’s abbreviation (“in” for inches, for example). When you press Enter, Photoshop converts the value to the unit you selected in the Preferences dialog box. (Chapter 2 explains other pertinent facts about units preferences in Photoshop 6.) Hyphenation In most cases, you probably won’t be entering text that requires hyphenation to an image. I mean, if you’re entering that much text, you’re better off doing it in your page-layout program and then importing the image into the layout. But just to cover all bases, Photoshop offers the Hyphenate check box in the Paragraph palette. When you select this option, the program automatically hyphenates your text using the limits set in the Hyphenation dialog box, shown in Figure 15-20. Choose Hyphenation from the Paragraph palette menu to open the dialog box. Figure 15-20: If you ever want to hyphenate text, set the hyphenation controls here. This dialog box, like several others related to text formatting, comes straight from Adobe InDesign and Illustrator. In case you’re not familiar with the controls, they work as follows: ✦ Enter a value into the Words Longer Than option box to specify the number of characters required before Photoshop can hyphenate a word. ✦ Use the After First and Before Last options to control the minimum number of characters before a hyphen and after a hyphen, respectively. 712 Part IV ✦ Layers, Objects, and Text ✦ Enter a number into the Hyphen Limit option box to tell Photoshop how many consecutive lines can contain hyphens. ✦ Finally, specify how far from the edge of the bounding box Photoshop can place a hyphen by entering a value into the Hyphenation Zone box. ✦ Turn off the Hyphenate Capitalized Words check box if you want Photoshop to keep its mitts off words that start with an uppercase letter. Hope I didn’t insult your intelligence on this one. Line breaks and composition methods When you create paragraph text that includes several lines, you may not like the way that Photoshop breaks text from line to line. You may be able to improve the situation by changing the equation that Photoshop uses to determine where lines break. If you choose Adobe Every-line Composer from the Paragraph palette, the program evaluates the lines of text as a group and figures out the best place to break lines. In doing so, Photoshop takes into account the Hyphenation and Justification settings. Typically, this option results in more evenly spaced text and fewer hyphens. Adobe Single-line Composer takes a line-by-line approach to your text, using a few basic rules to determine the best spot to break a line. The program first attempts to fit all words on the line by adjusting word spacing, opting for reduced spacing over expanded spacing where possible. If the spacing adjustments don’t do the trick, Photoshop hyphenates the last word on the line and breaks the line after the hyphen. As I’ve mentioned before, these options may not come into play very often because most people don’t create long blocks of text in Photoshop. If you want to control line breaks for a few lines of text, you can just create your text using the regular, text-at-a-point method instead of putting the text in a bounding box. Then you can just press Enter at the spot where you want the line to break, adding a hyphen to the end of the line if needed. Warping text For all its glories, text in Photoshop has always lacked an option widely used by designers creating type in drawing programs: the ability to fit text to a path. You were limited to creating straight lines of text only — no wrapping type around a cir- cle or otherwise bending your words. You still can’t fit text to a path in Photoshop 6, but you may be able to get close to the effect you want by using the new Warp Text feature. Similar to the text art fea- tures that have been available in word processing programs for some time, Warp Text bends and distorts text to simulate the effect of fitting text to a path. You can choose from 15 different path shapes and choose to curve type, distort it, or both. 6 Photoshop 6 6 Photoshop 6 713 Chapter 15 ✦ Fully Editable Text You can warp paragraph text or regular text, but the warp always affects all existing text on the layer. So if you want to reshape just a part of a line of text — for exam- ple, to make the last few letters in a word bend upward — put that bit of text on its own layer. In addition, note that you can’t warp type to which you’ve applied the faux styles that reside on the Character palette menu. Nor can you warp bitmap fonts or fonts for which the designer hasn’t provided the paths, or outlines, that make up the font characters. After selecting a text layer, click the Warp Text button on the Options bar, labeled in Figure 15-21, or choose Layer➪ Type ➪ Warp Text. Photoshop displays the Warp Text dialog box, also shown in the figure. Figure 15-21: Use the controls in the Warp Text dialog box to simulate the effect of fitting text to a path. After choosing a warp design from the Style pop-up menu, set the orientation of the warp by clicking the Horizontal or Vertical radio button. Then adjust the Bend, Horizontal Distortion, and Vertical Distortion sliders until you get an effect that fits your needs. You can preview your changes in the image window. Warp Text Note Tip 714 Part IV ✦ Layers, Objects, and Text I’m sure you could easily figure out how this dialog box works, but a few hints may speed you on your way: ✦ When you select the Horizontal radio button, the warp occurs as the shape in the Style pop-up menu suggests. If you choose Vertical, the warp is applied as if you turned the shape on its side. ✦ Use the Bend value to change the direction of the curve. For the warp style selected in Figure 15-21, for example, a positive Bend value curves the text upward, as shown in the top example in Figure 15-21, and a negative value curves the text in the opposite direction, as shown in the second example. ✦ You can use the Horizontal and Vertical Distortion options to create perspec- tive effects. Horizontal Distortion puts the origin point of the perspective to the left if you enter a positive value and to the right if you enter a negative value. I used a positive value to create the third line of text in Figure 15-21. Vertical Distortion, as you can probably guess, places the origin point above the text if you enter a positive value and below the text if you enter a negative value. I created the bottom line of type in Figure 15-21 by entering a positive Vertical Distortion value. ✦ If you edit warped text, Photoshop reapplies the original warp to the layer. After warping the text, you can often improve the effect by tweaking the tracking, kerning, and other character spacing and scaling formatting. If you have trouble achieving the distortion or perspective effect you’re after, bypass the Warp Text dialog box and instead use Edit ➪ Free Transform to manipulate the text layer. (You must get out of text edit mode to access the command.) The steps in the next sec- tion offer an example of this technique. Editing text as shapes Way back near the beginning of this chapter, I mentioned that you can convert each letter in a text layer to individual shapes by choosing Layer ➪ Type➪ Convert to Shape. The command converts all text on a layer; you can’t convert part of the text on a layer and leave the rest alone. If the command is grayed out, you’re in text edit mode; click the Commit (check mark) or Cancel (X) button on the Options bar to exit edit mode. After you make the conversion, each character works just like a shape that you cre- ate with the new shape tools. Photoshop creates points and line segments as it sees fit for each letter, as shown in Figure 15-22. This enables you to fool with the shape of each letter by dragging points and segments, as I’m doing in the right example in the figure. And you can apply all the same effects to your new text shapes as you can to any shape. (Chapter 14 provides a complete rundown of your options.) Tip 715 Chapter 15 ✦ Fully Editable Text Figure 15-22: Converting text to shapes enables you to drag line segments and handles to reshape individual characters, as I did here. Before you convert text to shapes, however, make sure that you don’t need to make further changes to character or paragraph formatting or add or delete letters. Photoshop sees your text purely as shapes after the conversion so you can’t edit the text using the type tool anymore. For safety’s sake, save the text to a new layer or image before choosing Convert to Shape. As do regular shapes, type shapes appear jagged around the edges because of the tiny outline that Photoshop displays around the shape. To hide the outline and smooth out the on-screen appearance of the text, press Ctrl+H. Of course, in Photoshop 6, this command also hides the marching ants, guides, and other on-screen aids. The View ➪ Show ➪ Target Path command enables you to toggle just the shape outlines. Character Masks and Layer Effects In Photoshop 6, you can create a text-based selection outline or mask using one of two methods: Enter text with the type tool set to type mask mode or convert exist- ing text to a work path. The next two sections explain both options. Creating a text mask In past editions of Photoshop, you used special type mask tools to create text- shaped selection outlines. Now you use the ordinary type tool (press T to select it) and set the tool to mask mode by clicking the Type Mask button on the Options bar, labeled in Figure 15-23. Be sure to click the button before you create your text. 6 Photoshop 6 6 Photoshop 6 Tip Caution [...]... digital destination to the next And best of all, color management in Photoshop 6 is consistent with color management found in Illustrator 9 and future Adobe applications Learn one and the others make a heck of a lot more sense Photoshop A Typical Color-Matching Scenario 6 Photoshop 6 devotes three features to color management The first is the Adobe Gamma control panel, which characterizes your monitor Choose... Figure 16- 8 Chapter 16 ✦ Essential Color Management Figure 16- 8: Set the first of the Color Management Policies to Convert to Working RGB to convert the image from the Adobe RGB working space to the sRGB space Converting the color space Now I’m ready to open the test image I choose File ➪ Open just as I normally would As Photoshop for Windows opens the test image, it detects the embedded Adobe RGB... Transferring CMYK settings from Photoshop 5 ✦ ✦ ✦ ✦ Photoshop 7 28 Part V ✦ Color for Print and the Web 6 Therefore, color management is first and foremost about identifying your monitor You have to explain your screen’s foibles to Photoshop so that it can make every attempt to account for them In the old days, Photoshop used the screen data to calculate CMYK conversions and that was it Photoshop 5 went two steps... Color Management Off, which deactivates Photoshop s color management entirely; ColorSync Workflow, which is useful in all-Macintosh environments; and Emulate Photoshop 4, which both turns color management off and mimics Version 4’s screen display Chapter 16 ✦ Essential Color Management Figure 16- 5: I choose U.S Prepress Defaults to access the Adobe RGB (19 98) color space, which affords me a large... the active sRGB profile Justly troubled by this development, Photoshop displays the alert box shown in Figure 16- 9 You can select from three conversion options: ✦ Use the embedded profile: Photoshop 6 is perfectly capable of displaying multiple images at a time, each in a different color space Select this option to tell Photoshop to use the Adobe RGB space instead of sRGB to display the image it’s about... Mac side is to embed the Adobe RGB profile into a test image (The word embed simply means that Photoshop adds a little bit of code to the file stating where it was last edited.) For this, I choose File ➪ Save As, which displays the dialog box in Figure 16- 6 After naming the file and specifying a location on disk, I select the Embed Color Profile check box, which embeds the Adobe RGB color profile into... image Then I click the Save button to save the file Figure 16- 6: I select the Embed Color Profile check box to append the Adobe RGB profile to the image saved on the Mac Chapter 16 ✦ Essential Color Management Caution In order to save a profile with an image, you have to select a file format that supports profiles This includes the native Photoshop (PSD) format, TIFF, JPEG, EPS, and PICT The two DCS... want to convert it to Adobe RGB Therefore, I set Profile Mismatches to Ask When Opening This way, Photoshop will ask me what I want to do every time I open an image with a nonmatching RGB profile It’ll suggest I convert the image to Adobe RGB, but permit me to override if I like Figure 16- 13: Here are my recommended settings for the five Color Management Policies options They tell Photoshop to ask you... Fortunately, all it requires is a bit of imagination to understand fully On my Mac, I switch to Photoshop and choose Edit ➪ Color Settings Photoshop displays the dialog box shown in Figure 16- 5 I’m immediately faced with a dizzying array of options — no gradual immersion into the world of color management here — but Photoshop does make a small attempt to simplify the process The program offers several collections... Although much smaller and drabber than Adobe RGB, the sRGB space is perfect for Web graphics because it represents the colors projected by a run-of-the-mill PC monitor It also happens to be Photoshop s default setting Given that many users will never visit this dialog box, sRGB is fast becoming a cross-platform standard 735 7 36 Part V ✦ Color for Print and the Web Figure 16- 7: On the Windows side, I select . reduce it to 0 percent. Tip 6 Photoshop 6 6 Photoshop 6 Tip 6 Photoshop 6 709 Chapter 15 ✦ Fully Editable Text Figure 15- 18: The justification options let you control how Photoshop adjusts your. in Figure 15-23. Be sure to click the button before you create your text. 6 Photoshop 6 6 Photoshop 6 Tip Caution 7 16 Part IV ✦ Layers, Objects, and Text Figure 15-23: When you work in type mask. can choose from 15 different path shapes and choose to curve type, distort it, or both. 6 Photoshop 6 6 Photoshop 6 713 Chapter 15 ✦ Fully Editable Text You can warp paragraph text or regular text,