WiMAX™, HSPA+, và LTE: Phân tích, so sánh pptx

Copyright 2009 WiMAX Forum “WiMAX,” “WiMAX Forum,” the WiMAX Forum logo, "WiMAX Forum Certified,” and the WiMAX Forum Certified logo are trademarks of the WiMAX Forum. All other trademarks are the properties of their respective owners. WiMAX™, HSPA+, and LTE: A Comparative Analysis November 2009 ________________________________________________________________________ . Copyright 2009 WiMAX Forum “WiMAX,” “WiMAX Forum,” the WiMAX Forum logo, "WiMAX Forum Certified,” and the WiMAX Forum Certified logo are trademarks of the WiMAX Forum. All other trademarks are the properties of their respective owners. Page 2 of 36 v5.1 Copyright Notice, Use Restrictions, Disclaimer, and Limitation of Liability Copyright 2009 WiMAX Forum. All rights reserved. The WiMAX Forum ® owns the copyright in this document and reserves all rights herein. 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Page 4 of 36 v5.1 Author’s Note Performance of wireless systems is highly dependent on the operating environment, deployment choices and the end-to-end network implementation. Performance projections presented in this paper are based on simulations performed with specific multipath models, usage assumptions, and equipment parameters. In practice, actual performance may differ due to local propagation conditions, multipath, customer and applications mix, and hardware choices. The performance numbers presented should not be relied on as a substitute for equipment field trials and sound RF analysis. They are best used only as a guide to the relative performance of the different technology and deployment alternatives reviewed in this paper as opposed to absolute performance projections. About the Author Doug Gray is a Telecommunications Consultant and is currently under contract to the WiMAX Forum ® . Gray has had extensive experience in broadband wireless access systems in engineering and management positions at Hewlett-Packard, Lucent Technologies and Ensemble Communications. Acknowledgements The author is especially grateful to the team at Intel Corporation for conducting the WiMAX™ performance simulations and for the many follow on discussions regarding the presentation of the data. The author would also like to acknowledge the contributions of the many WiMAX Forum ® members who have taken the time to review the paper and provide comments and insights regarding the contents and the conclusions drawn. ________________________________________________________________________ . Copyright 2009 WiMAX Forum “WiMAX,” “WiMAX Forum,” the WiMAX Forum logo, "WiMAX Forum Certified,” and the WiMAX Forum Certified logo are trademarks of the WiMAX Forum. All other trademarks are the properties of their respective owners. Page 5 of 36 v5.1 Table of Contents 1. Introduction 7 2. Planned Air Interface Enhancements for WiMAX 8 2.1 WiMAX Air Interface Release 1.5 9 2.1.1 Peak Channel Rate Performance 11 2.1.2 Average Channel Throughput Performance 13 3. 3GPP Evolution: HSPA+ 16 3.1 Comparing WiMAX and HSPA+ 18 4. LTE 20 4.1 WiMAX and LTE 21 5. IMT-Advanced and IEEE 802.16m 24 5.1 IMT-Advanced 24 5.2 IEEE 802.16m 25 5.3 WiMAX 2 27 5.3.1 WiMAX Migration Path for DL Peak Channel Data Rates 27 5.3.2 Backwards Compatibility 28 5.4 LTE-Advanced 29 6. WiMAX has Time-to-Market Advantage 29 6.1 Migration Path Options for Today’s Mobile Operators 30 7. Summary and Conclusion 33 Acronyms 33 References 36 ________________________________________________________________________ . Copyright 2009 WiMAX Forum “WiMAX,” “WiMAX Forum,” the WiMAX Forum logo, "WiMAX Forum Certified,” and the WiMAX Forum Certified logo are trademarks of the WiMAX Forum. All other trademarks are the properties of their respective owners. Page 6 of 36 v5.1 Figures Figure 1: WiMAX Peak Data Rate Projections 12 Figure 2: Average Channel/Sector Throughput (TDD) 15 Figure 3: Average Channel/Sector Throughput (FDD) 15 Figure 4: Simultaneous VoIP Calls per MHz 16 Figure 5: LTE-WiMAX Spectral Efficiency Comparison 23 Figure 6: Peak DL Data Rate Migration Path for WiMAX 28 Figure 7: Timeline for Mobile WiMAX and 3GPP 30 Figure 8: Migration Paths for Today’s Mobile Operators 31 Figure 9: A Sampling of WiMAX Multimode Devices 32 Tables Table 1: Key Features & Enhancements for WiMAX Air Interface R1.5 9 Table 2: Parameters Assumed for WiMAX Peak Channel Rate Performance 12 Table 3: Parameters Assumptions for Evaluation Methodology 13 Table 4: Key Performance Enhancements for HSPA+ 17 Table 5: WiMAX HSPA+ Performance Comparison 18 Table 6: Peak Rate Comparisons for LTE and WiMAX 21 Table 7: IMT-Advanced Minimum Requirements for Sector Spectral Efficiency 25 Table 8: Summary of Objectives for IEEE 802.16m 26 ________________________________________________________________________ . Copyright 2009 WiMAX Forum “WiMAX,” “WiMAX Forum,” the WiMAX Forum logo, "WiMAX Forum Certified,” and the WiMAX Forum Certified logo are trademarks of the WiMAX Forum. All other trademarks are the properties of their respective owners. Page 7 of 36 v5.1 WiMAX™, HSPA+, and LTE: A Comparative Analysis 1. Introduction An earlier WiMAX Forum ® white paper provided a very detailed description and performance analysis for WiMAX™ [Ref 1] and a follow-on white paper [Ref 2] provided a comparative analysis of WiMAX with 3G enhancements, EV-DO through Rev B and HSPA through 3GPP Rel-6. For WiMAX™ performance projections, both of those papers assumed a baseline configuration based on the WiMAX Air Interface Release 1.0 profiles. As was described in the earlier white papers, the WiMAX Release 1.0 system profile represented a subset of the features and functionality supported in the IEEE 802.16e-2005 Air Interface Standard. In this paper we consider some of the additional 802.16e-2005 supported features or enhancements for the air interface that have been approved or are being considered by the WiMAX Forum for inclusion in the next step in the backwards compatible WiMAX migration path, WiMAX Air Interface Release 1.5. In section 2.0 some of the key PHY and MAC layer features for WiMAX Air Interface Release 1.5 are described. Peak and average channel throughput and VoIP capacity are shown and compared with WiMAX Air Interface Release 1.0 to provide the reader a view of the performance advantages achieved with these added features. Section 3.0 describes the next steps in the 3GPP migration path known as HSPA+ and described by 3GPP Rel-7 and 3GPP Rel-8. Projected HSPA+ peak rate performance is then compared to WiMAX. A description of 3G Long Term Evolution (LTE), also known as E-UTRA, is provided in Section 4.0. The performance requirements for LTE are defined in 3GPP Rel-8. Section 4.0 also provides a comparison of LTE Rel-8 projected performance with WiMAX. For these performance comparisons the emphasis is on peak channel data rate and average channel spectral efficiency, the two metrics most often referred to in describing or comparing these access technologies. LTE projections most often quoted in the press assume an FDD configuration with paired 20 MHz channels. Since LTE is also based on OFDMA and employs similar modulation schemes the projected performance with regard to these metrics, as expected, is similar under the same deployment conditions. The key difference between these two radio access solutions is with regard to timing and commercial availability. OFDM-based WiMAX networks for fixed services have been commercially deployed since 2006 and OFDMA-based WiMAX systems were first commercially deployed in 2008. Planned features for WiMAX with Air Interface Release 1.5 provide a straightforward upgrade path for field proven WiMAX systems. LTE on the ________________________________________________________________________ . Copyright 2009 WiMAX Forum “WiMAX,” “WiMAX Forum,” the WiMAX Forum logo, "WiMAX Forum Certified,” and the WiMAX Forum Certified logo are trademarks of the WiMAX Forum. All other trademarks are the properties of their respective owners. Page 8 of 36 v5.1 other hand is currently in the development and trial phase. Some early adopters of LTE have announced that deployments will begin as early as 2010. Section 5.0 provides a forward looking view regarding the next steps for both 3GPP and WiMAX with a brief description of LTE-Advanced and the IEEE 802.16m amendment to the 802.16 air interface standard. The 802.16m amendment will be the basis for WiMAX 2. Both LTE-Advanced, based on 3GPP Rel-10 and WiMAX 2 based on IEEE 802.16m are projected to meet IMT-Advanced requirements. A timeline comparison for LTE and WiMAX is presented in Section 6.0. OFDMA-based WiMAX is field-proven, whereas LTE has yet to be commercially deployed. This clearly gives WiMAX a time-to-market advantage over LTE for either Greenfield or existing mobile operators. For existing mobile operators the challenges and costs of upgrading to WiMAX now or LTE later are similar. With the ability to reuse a considerable portion of the existing network infrastructure present day mobile operators can cost-effectively gain a considerable competitive advantage by deploying a WiMAX overlay to an existing mobile network today rather than waiting for LTE. Unless otherwise noted, references to LTE in this paper will be with respect to LTE as defined by 3GPP Rel-8. 2. Planned Air Interface Enhancements for WiMAX The first commercial OFDM-based WiMAX deployments based on the IEEE 802.16- 2004 air interface standard occurred in 2006. Providing services for fixed, nomadic, or portable services, WiMAX quickly gained market acceptance as an alternative to broadband fixed wireline services. Since then the 802.16e-2005 amendment to the IEEE 802.16 air interface standard with the addition of OFDMA and other key features added mobility to the supported WiMAX usage models. Certified WiMAX products based on the 802.16e-2005 amendment have been commercially available since 2008. As of mid 2009 more than 130 products have received WiMAX certification and over 60% of these are Mobile WiMAX certified. There are now more than 500 WiMAX deployments currently underway serving a range of usage models from fixed to mobile services in more than 140 countries 1 . To further improve on the performance and features of WiMAX, the WiMAX Forum has completed and approved a portfolio of air interface enhancements [Ref 3]. Among the additional supported features are many air interface related enhancements that directly 1 Information on product certifications and deployments is updated regularly and available on the WiMAX Forum website. ________________________________________________________________________ . Copyright 2009 WiMAX Forum “WiMAX,” “WiMAX Forum,” the WiMAX Forum logo, "WiMAX Forum Certified,” and the WiMAX Forum Certified logo are trademarks of the WiMAX Forum. All other trademarks are the properties of their respective owners. Page 9 of 36 v5.1 impact peak channel data rate and average channel and sector throughput. These are the metrics most often referenced in the discussion and comparison of different wireless access technologies and will be used in this paper to compare WiMAX with HSPA+ and LTE. A number of new frequency profiles and frequency division duplex (FDD) are also included with these enhancements. The new profiles address new spectrum allocations being made available by local regulators and FDD further expands the applicability of WiMAX into markets that have regulatory constraints on the use of TDD. FDD also gives operators added deployment flexibility where there are no such regulatory constraints and spectrum licenses are configured in paired channels. 2.1 WiMAX Air Interface Release 1.5 The air interface enhancements approved for WiMAX, designated as WiMAX Air Interface Release 1.5 (aka Air Interface R1.5), are scheduled for certification testing readiness in 2010. A more detailed description can be found in reference 3. A summary of key PHY and MAC features or enhancements planned for Air Interface R1.5 are summarized in the following table: Table 1: Key Features & Enhancements for WiMAX Air Interface R1.5 PHY/MAC Feature Description Duplex Support for Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Half Duplex FDD for increased deployment flexibility when spectrum licenses comprise paired channels. 20 MHz Channel BW 20 MHz added as an optional channel BW in the 1710- 2170 MHz band. AMC Permutation Adjacent Multi-carrier (AMC) provides more efficient sub-carrier utilization compared to PUSC in low mobility situations translating to higher peak data rate and higher average channel throughput. ________________________________________________________________________ . Copyright 2009 WiMAX Forum “WiMAX,” “WiMAX Forum,” the WiMAX Forum logo, "WiMAX Forum Certified,” and the WiMAX Forum Certified logo are trademarks of the WiMAX Forum. All other trademarks are the properties of their respective owners. Page 10 of 36 v5.1 PHY/MAC Feature Description MIMO Enhancements Downlink open and closed loop MIMO with AMC permutation. UL collaborative spatial multiplexing (SM) for two MSs in AMC mode. UL open loop STC/SM MIMO in AMC and PUSC mode Cyclic delay diversity MAC Efficiency Enhancements DL and UL Persistent Allocation of Information Elements (IE’s) for reduced MAP overhead with both persistent and non-persistent traffic. Handover Enhancements Improved efficiency with seamless handover Load Balancing Load Balancing using preamble index and/or DL frequency override Load Balancing using ranging abort timer Load Balancing using BS initiated handover Location Based Services (LBS) GPS-based LBS method Assisted GPS (A-GPS) method Non-GPS-based method Enhanced Multicast & Broadcast Services (MBS) Optimization/Clarification to MBS procedures such as group DSx and inter-MBS zone continuity messages WiMAX-WiFi-Bluetooth Coexistence Co-located coexistence Mode 1 Co-located coexistence Mode 2 Combine UL band AMC with operation with co-located coexistence WiMAX Air Interface R1.5 also introduces several new TDD and FDD frequency profiles to address changing global spectrum allocations. Among the added profiles provided, coverage in the 698 to 862 MHz band is especially interesting in that it holds [...]... comparisons for HSPA+ and WiMAX Air Interface R1.5 The peak rate projections for HSPA+ are stated with 3/4 and 5/6 coding rate for 16QAM and 64QAM respectively This represents a more realistic deployment scenario and enables a direct comparison with WiMAX For reference the values for HSPA+ with no error correction coding are listed in italics To provide a direct comparison a WiMAX Air Interface R1.5 FDD solution... coding are listed in italics To provide a direct comparison a WiMAX Air Interface R1.5 FDD solution is shown with paired 5 MHz channels Also included for completeness is a WiMAX TDD solution with the same amount of occupied spectrum Table 5: WiMAX HSPA+ Performance Comparison HSPA Parameter Rel-7 Duplexing FDD (1x2)SIMO MS Antenna DL Mod-Coding DL Peak User Rate TDD 2 x 5 MHz 10 MHz (2x2)MIMO (1x2)SIMO... to 2170 MHz range, including the AWS (Advanced Wireless Services) band have also been added with Air Interface R1.5 This is one of the bands considered suitable for support of 20 MHz channel BW 2.1.1 Peak Channel Rate Performance The peak channel rate or peak user rate performance is a metric most often quoted in the comparison of varied access technologies This is despite the fact that this data rate... attainable channel performance and user experience It is also directly proportional to the average channel throughput which, for deployment considerations, is a much more important performance metric Table 2 summarizes the parameter assumptions used for the peak channel rate performance for both Air Interface R1.0 and R1.5 Although (2x2) MIMO is also supported in the UL, (1x2) SIMO is assumed in this and... factors must also be taken into account WiMAX has many other attributes that sets it apart from HSPA+ Namely: Both WiMAX Air Interface R1.0 and R1.5 have higher average spectral efficiency than HSPA Rel-8 since the benefit of (2x2) MIMO with CDMA provides only a modest increase of about 20% in spectral efficiency whereas with OFDMA the increase is in the order of 60% [Ref 2] (4x2) MIMO is also supported... Term Evolution (LTE) also referred to as Enhanced-UTRA (E-UTRA) was initiated in 2004 with the purpose of defining the next phase in the 3GPP migration path The LTE specification requirements were initially defined in 3GPP Rel-8 with further enhancements provided in 3GPP Rel-9 With LTE, 3GPP transitions from CDMA in the DL to OFDMA In the UL LTE employs Single-Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) Some of the key performance... very limited To provide a direct comparison of LTE and WiMAX in FDD with paired 20 MHz channels is assumed for both cases Peak data rates for LTE are usually reported without forward` error correction coding The LTE peak rates in this table are presented with similar coding as WiMAX to represent a more realistic deployment scenario and to provide a one to one comparison with WiMAX For reference purposes,... purposes, the peak theoretical rates without forward error correction coding are also shown for both LTE and WiMAX in italics With support for UL collaborative spatial multiplexing, WiMAX achieves 138.2 Mbps for the UL channel data rate The UL peak user data rate for WiMAX would be 69.1 Mbps Table 6: Peak Rate Comparisons for LTE and WiMAX LTE WiMAX Air Interface R1.5 FDD FDD Channel BW 2x20 MHz 2x20... MIMO (4x2) MIMO TDD TDD FDD FDD 2008 2010 2010/11 Air Interface Air Interface 3GPP R1.0 R1.5 Rel-8 WiMAX LTE Figure 5: LTE-WiMAX Spectral Efficiency Comparison Although the technologies adopted for both WiMAX and LTE have a lot in common there are some differences that are worth noting The reported results for the LTE throughput simulations assume 2000 MHz whereas the WiMAX simulations were done assuming... as compared to LTE7 Although simulations were not done to accurately quantify the difference between 2000 and 2500 MHz, it is reasonable to expect that this would give LTE a slight advantage in the average spectral efficiency numbers compared to WiMAX LTE uses SC-FDMA, also referred to as DFT-spread OFDM, in the UL, whereas WiMAX uses OFDMA: With SC-FDMA both Fast Fourier Transform and Inverse Fast . WiMAX Forum. All other trademarks are the properties of their respective owners. WiMAX™, HSPA+, and LTE: A Comparative Analysis November 2009 ________________________________________________________________________. other trademarks are the properties of their respective owners. Page 7 of 36 v5.1 WiMAX™, HSPA+, and LTE: A Comparative Analysis 1. Introduction An earlier WiMAX Forum ® white paper provided. Term Evolution (LTE), also known as E-UTRA, is provided in Section 4.0. The performance requirements for LTE are defined in 3GPP Rel-8. Section 4.0 also provides a comparison of LTE Rel-8 projected