dicted by the final sentence of the passage. Choice c is incorrect because the passage says the RDA approach is a useful guide, but does NOT say it is the best guide to good nutrition. Choice d is con- tradicted by the next-to-last sentence of the pas- sage. The passage states that the RDA approach is frequently used, which indicates it is not too com- plicated, as stated in choice e. 20. b. Choice b best reflects the writing style of the passage, which is for a general audience. Choices a and c are too informal; choice d uses jargon and choice e seems to talk down to the audience. 21. a. Either a or b are possible definitions of specu- lation, however, the passage suggests that in this case the author is referring to a theory—choice a. The other choices are vaguely similar, but are not accurate, based on the passage as a whole. 22. d. This passage is written in a style directed to a general audience; therefore, choices a, b, and e are not correct, as they are aimed toward specialized audiences. Nor is this passage in the style of a per- sonal essay (choice c), which would contain impressions and conclusions. The articles in gen- eral circulation magazines are aimed toward wide audiences, as is this passage. 23. d. The title Sights and History on Dublin’s O’Con- nell Street touches on all the specific subjects of the passage—the sights to see on this particular street and the history connected to them. Answers a and e are too general about the place described, which is a particular street in Dublin, not the whole city. Answers b and c are too specific in that they cover only the material in the first paragraph. 24. a. This choice sticks to the subject, Daniel O’Connell, announced in the sentence before it, and provides a transition to the sentence follow- ing it, a description of O’Connell’s monument, by providing information about the location of the statue. Answer e provides similar content but includes a grammatical shift in subject; the shift to “we” is jarring. Answers b and c swerve off topic, and answer d essentially repeats informa- tion given elsewhere in the paragraph. 25. c. The hidden or key resource mentioned in the passage is the fine distinction between the defini- tion of street and boulevard, which is used to win the argument with or get the better of tourists. Answers a, b , and e do not make sense; answer d is incorrect because there is no real fraud used in the argument in the passage. 26. d. The author offers an example of Dublin wit and mentions the unhurried pace of Dublin crowds. Choice a interprets the adjective unhur- ried in too pejorative a manner for the tone of the passage. Answers b and c similarly interpret the playful joke on French tourists too negatively. There is no specific information in the passage to support the view of answer e. 27. b. The context of the passage indicates that the sentences in question are pointing out an unfore- seen consequence (however) and the current sit- uation (now). The other choices would result in meanings that do not fit with the flow of infor- mation in the rest of the passage. 28. e. Choices a, b, c, and d are not supported by information in the passage. Thus, the best choice is e. 29. d. Choices a, c, and e are possible definitions of ushered, but do not fit in the context of the pas- sage. Choice b is an incorrect definition. Heralded, choice d, is the best definition in the context. 30. a. The passage explicitly states that Charle- magne was crowned emperor in 800 and died in 814—a period of 14 years. Therefore, b, c, d, and e are mathematically incorrect. 31. b. Although all of the choices are possible defi- nitions of culture, the passage is speaking of a –CBEST PRACTICE EXAM 2– 223 community of inter-related individuals—Euro- peans. 32. c. The missing sentence is in a portion of the passage which is discussing the long-term impacts of the Franks, therefore, c is the best choice. Choices b and d are written in a style appropriate to the passage, but the information is not appro- priate. Choice a uses jargon and choice e is too informal. 33. c. Unprotected categories of expression are dis- cussed on pages 225–259. 34. e. Although this information is about expres- sion, it is not organized by the types of publica- tions involved, choice a; and although the index contains court cases, it does not indicate which courts heard the cases—choice b—or the dates of the decisions—choice c. Choice d, the forum in which the speech took place, is an entry in the index, but does not impact its organization. 35. b. The actions in choices a, c, and d, come after chopping the vegetables, but not immediately. Choice e is actually mentioned before the direc- tion to chop the vegetables. 36. e. See the last sentence of the passage for the cor- rect answer, 51 percent. 37. b. The second paragraph states that the current measure identifies fewer working poor, so choice a is incorrect. The proposed measure does not disregard expenses for basic needs (choice c); it includes the value of non-cash benefits. The cur- rent measure identifies fewer people with health insurance (choice d). There is no indication in the passage that either measure ignores the destitute (choice e). 38. c. The fellow frightens the speaker. a, b, d, and e are not frightening. 39. a. Tighter breathing indicates fear, as does zero at the bone (one is sometimes said to be cold with fear). Also, the subject is a snake, which is gener- ally feared animal. 40. c. In context, the speaker is discussing animals, because he follows with his contrasting attitude toward this fellow, meaning the snake. The other choices are all human beings. 41. b. Stanza three contains the phrase when a boy implying the speaker was a boy in the past and is now, therefore, an adult man. 42. e. The second sentence of the first paragraph states that probes record responses. The second paragraph says that electrodes accumulate much data. 43. c. The tone throughout the passage suggests the potential for microprobes. They can be perma- nently implanted, they have advantages over electrodes, they are promising candidates for neu- ral prostheses, they will have great accuracy, and they are flexible. 44. e. According to the third paragraph, people who lack biochemicals could receive doses via pros- theses. However, there is no suggestion that removing biochemicals would be viable. 45. a. The first sentence of the third paragraph says that microprobes have channels that open the way for delivery of drugs. Studying the brain (choice d) is not the initial function of channels, though it is one of the uses of the probes themselves. 46. c. The tone of the passage is enthusiastic in its recommendation of the greyhound as pet and thereby encourages people to adopt one. It does not give advice on transforming a greyhound (choice a). Except to say that they love to run, the passage does not spend equal time describing the greyhound as racer (choice b), nor does it com- ment on banning of greyhound racing (choice e). The author’s tone is not objective (choice d), but rather enthusiastic. –CBEST PRACTICE EXAM 2– 224 47. e. See the last paragraph. The passage does not mention b, c, or d. Choice a is clearly wrong; the passage states the opposite. 48. d. Answers a and c do not include the sense of hierarchy conveyed in the phrase to enforce social order.Answers b and e do convey a sense of hier- archy but reverse the proper order of meanings in the context. 49. a. The question asks for what field the most men are involved instead of employed. The answer would include students, who are not necessarily salaried workers. Therefore, combining the num- ber of students and teachers gives the largest number involved in education. 50. d. There are 200 men. 6 are in the legal profes- sion. 6 divided by 200 is equal to 0.03 or 3%. Section 2: Mathematics 1. e. $24,355 + $23,000 = $47,355. When this is rounded to the nearest $100, the answer is $47,400. 2. a. It would cost $7 to get three sandwiches and a piece of fruit. 3. e. The production for Lubbock is equal to the total minus the other productions: 1780 – 450 – 425 – 345 = 560. 4. e. The 3rd and 4th quarters are 54% and 16% respectively. This adds to 70%. 5. b. The average is the sum divided by the number of times Rashaard went fishing: 11 + 4 + 0 + 5 + 4 + 6 divided by 6 is 5. 6. e. An average of 90% is needed of a total of 500 points: 500 × 0.90 = 450, so 450 points are needed. Add all the other test scores together: 95 + 85 + 88 + 84 = 352. Now subtract that total from the total needed, in order to see what score the student must make to reach 90%: 450 – 352 = 98. 7. b. Yellow beans + orange beans = 12. There are 30 total beans. ᎏ 1 3 2 0 ᎏ is reduced to ᎏ 2 5 ᎏ . 8. a. The sum of the sides equals the perimeter: 3 sides × 3 inches + 2 sides × 5 inches = 19 inches. 9. d. To find the answer do the following equation: 11 × 0.032 = 0.352. 10. a. The 90% discount is over all three items; therefore the total price is (a + b + c) × 0.9. The average is the total price divided by the number of computers: ᎏ 0.9 × (a 3 + b + c) ᎏ . 11. a. Because there are three at $0.99 and 2 at $3.49, the sum of the two numbers minus $3.49 will give the cost. 12. a. This is the same as the equation provided; each score is divided by three. 13. a. For the answer, divide ᎏ 2 3 ᎏ by ᎏ 1 5 2 ᎏ , which is the same as ᎏ 2 3 ᎏ × ᎏ 1 5 2 ᎏ = ᎏ 2 1 4 5 ᎏ = 1 ᎏ 3 5 ᎏ . 14. b. 20 percent of 15 cc equals (0.20)(15) equals 3. Adding 3 to 15 gives 18 cc. 15. c. There are three steps involved in solving this problem. First, convert 4.5% to a decimal: 0.045. Multiply that by $26,000 to find out how much the salary increases. Finally, add the result ($1,170) to the original salary of $26,000 to find out the new salary, $27,170. 16. c. If 60% of the students had had flu previously, 40% had not had the disease. 40% of 220 is 88. 17. a. Divide 135 Spanish-speaking teachers by 1,125 total teachers to arrive at 0.12 or 12%. 18. c. Adding 7.8 (electrical equipment) and 7.3 (other equipment) is the way to arrive at the cor- rect response of 15.1. 19. b. Smoking materials account for only 6.7% of the fires but for 28.9% of the deaths. 20. b. Two candy bars require 2 quarters; one pack- age of peanuts requires 3 quarters; one can of cola requires 2 quarters—for a total of 7 quarters. 21. c. Each 9-foot wall has an area of 9 × 8 or 72 square feet. There are two such walls, so those two –CBEST PRACTICE EXAM 2– 225 walls combined have an area of 72 × 2 or 144 square feet. Each 11-foot wall has an area of 11 × 8 or 88 square feet, and again there are two such walls: 88 times 2 equals 176. Finally, add 144 and 176 to get 320 square feet. 22. e. Use the formula provided: ᎏ 9 5 ᎏ (40) + 32 = 72 + 32 = 104. 23. c. Add the corrected value of the sweater ($245) to the value of the two, not three, bracelets ($730), plus the other two items ($78 and $130), for a total of $1,183. 24. a. The recipe is for 16 brownies. Half of that, 8, would reduce the ingredients by half. Half of 1 ᎏ 1 2 ᎏ cups of sugar is ᎏ 3 4 ᎏ cup. 25. c. The recipe for 16 brownies calls for ᎏ 2 3 ᎏ cup but- ter. An additional ᎏ 1 3 ᎏ cup would make 8 more brownies, for a total of 24 brownies. 26. a. To solve this problem, you must convert 3 ᎏ 1 2 ᎏ to ᎏ 7 2 ᎏ and then divide ᎏ 7 2 ᎏ by ᎏ 1 4 ᎏ . The answer, ᎏ 2 2 8 ᎏ , is then reduced to the number 14. 27. d. Mixed numbers must be converted to frac- tions, and you must use the least common denominator of 8. ᎏ 1 8 8 ᎏ plus ᎏ 3 8 7 ᎏ plus ᎏ 4 8 ᎏ equals ᎏ 5 8 9 ᎏ , which is 7 ᎏ 3 8 ᎏ after it is reduced. 28. e. Four inches is equal to 16 quarter inches, which is equal to (16)(2 feet) = 32 feet. 29. b. You can’t just take 25% off the original price, because the 10% discount after three years of service is taken off the price that has already been reduced by 15%. Figure the problem in two steps: after the 15% discount the price is $71.83. 90% of that—subtracting 10%—is $64.65. 30. b. Add the number of men and women to get the total number of officers: 200. The number of women, 24, is 12% of 200. 31. c. The problem is solved by dividing 204 by 1,700. The answer, 0.12, is then converted to a percentage, 12%. 32. d. The simplest way to solve this problem is to divide 1 by 1,500, which is 0.0006667, and then count off two decimal places to arrive at the per- centage, which is 0.06667%. Since the question asks about what percentage, the nearest value is 0.067%. 33. b. You can use trial and error to arrive at a solu- tion to this problem. After the first hour, the num- ber would be 20, after the second hour 40, after the third hour 80, after the fourth hour 160, and after the fifth hour 320. The other answer choices do not have the same outcome. 34. d. 30 ppm of the pollutant would have to be removed to bring the 50 ppm down to 20 ppm. 30 ppm represents 60% of 50 ppm. 35. c. You must break the 92,000 into the amounts mentioned in the policy: 92,000 = 20,000 + 40,000 + 32,000. The amount the policy will pay is (0.8)(20,000) + (0.6)(40,000) + (0.4)(32,000) = 16,000 + 24,000 + 12,800 = 52,800. 36. e. 2,200(0.07) = $154. $154 + 1,400(0.04) = $210. $210 + 3,100(0.08) = $458. $458 + $900(0.03) = $485. 37. e. 3W equals water coming in, W equals water going out. 3W – W = 11,400, which implies that W is equal to 5700 and 3W is equal to 17,100. 38. d. 3,450 miles divided by 6 days is equal to 575 miles. 39. d. Answer a reads 276; b reads 2,706; c reads 20,076, and e reads 20,760. 40. b. 30 men times 42 square feet of space is equal to 1260 square feet of space. 1260 square feet divided by 35 men equals 36 square feet, so each man will have 6 less square feet of space. 41. d. Let T equal Ted’s age; S equal Sam’s age, which is 3T; R equal Ron’s age, which is ᎏ 2 S ᎏ ,or ᎏ 3 2 T ᎏ .The sum of the ages is 55: ᎏ 3 2 T ᎏ + 3T + T = 55. Convert the left side of the equation into fractions so you can add them: ᎏ 3 2 T ᎏ + ᎏ 6 2 T ᎏ + ᎏ 2 2 T ᎏ = ᎏ 11 2 T ᎏ . Now you have –CBEST PRACTICE EXAM 2– 226 ᎏ 11 2 T ᎏ = 55. Multiply both sides by 2: 11T = 110. Divide through by 11 to get T = 10. That is Ted’s age. Sam is three times Ted’s age, or 30. Ron is half Sam’s age, or 15 years old. 42. c. Because the answer is a fraction, the best way to solve the problem is to convert the known to a fraction: ᎏ 1 4 0 5 ᎏ of the cylinder is full. By dividing both the numerator and the denominator by 5, you can reduce the fraction to ᎏ 2 9 ᎏ . 43. c. The answer is arrived at by first dividing 175 by 45. Since the answer is 3.89, not a whole num- ber, the gardener needs 4 sections of hose. Three sections of hose would be too short. 44. c. The difference between 105 and 99 is 6 degrees. Application of the ice pack plus a “rest- ing” period of 5 minutes before reapplication means that the temperature is lowered by half a degree every six minutes, or 1 degree every 12 minutes. 6 degrees times 12 minutes per degree equals 72 minutes, or 1 hour and 12 minutes. 45. d. Multiply 16 times 5 to find out how many gal- lons all five sprinklers will release in one minute. Then multiply the result (80 gallons per minute) by the number of minutes (10) to get 800 gallons. 46. b. Use 35 for C. F = ( ᎏ 9 5 ᎏ × 35) + 32. Therefore F = 63 + 32, or 95°F. 47. c. 5 times 3 times 8 is 120. 120 divided by 3 is 40. 48. d. There are two sides 34 feet long and two sides 20 feet long. Using the formula P = 2L + 2W will solve this problem. Therefore, you should multi- ply 34 times 2 and 20 times 2, and then add the results: 68 + 40 = 108. 49. c. There are four quarts to a gallon. There are therefore 20 quarts in a 5-gallon container. Divide 20 by 1.06 quarts per liter to get 18.86 liters and then round off to 19. 50. e. Division is used to arrive at a decimal, which can then be rounded to the nearest hundredth and converted to a percentage: 11,350 ÷ 21,500 = 0.5279. 0.5279 rounded to the nearest hundredth is 0.53, or 53%. Section 3: Essay Writing Following are the criteria for scoring CBEST essays. A “4” essay is a coherent writing sample that addresses the assigned topic and is aimed at a specific audience. Additionally, it has the following characteristics: ■ A main idea and/or a central point of view that is focused; its reasoning is sound ■ Points of discussion that are clear and arranged logically ■ Assertions that are supported with specific, rele- vant detail ■ Word choice and usage that is accurate and precise ■ Sentences that have complexity and variety, with clear syntax; paragraphs that are coherent (minor mechanical flaws are acceptable) ■ Style and language appropriate to the assigned audience and purpose A “3” essay is an adequate writing sample that generally addresses the assigned topic, but may neglect or only vaguely address one of the assigned tasks; it is aimed at a specific audience. Generally, it has the fol- lowing additional characteristics: ■ A main idea and/or a central point of view and adequate reasoning ■ Organization of ideas that is effective; the mean- ing of the ideas is clear ■ Generalizations that are adequately, though unevenly, supported –CBEST PRACTICE EXAM 2– 227 ■ Word choice and language usage that are ade- quate; mistakes exist but these do not interfere with meaning ■ Some errors in sentence and paragraph structure, but not so many as to be confusing ■ Word choice and style appropriate to a given audience A “2” essay is an incompletely formed writing sample that attempts to address the topic and to com- municate a message to the assigned audience but is generally incomplete or inappropriate. It has the fol- lowing additional characteristics: ■ A main point, but one which loses focus; reason- ing that is simplistic ■ Ineffective organization that causes the response to lack clarity ■ Generalizations that are only partially supported; supporting details that are irrelevant or unclear ■ Imprecise language usage; word choice that dis- tracts the reader ■ Mechanical errors; errors in syntax; errors in paragraphing ■ Style that is monotonous or choppy A “1” essay is an inadequately formed writing sample that only marginally addresses the topic and fails to communicate its message to, or is inappropri- ate to, a specific audience. Additionally, it has the fol- lowing characteristics: ■ General incoherence and inadequate focus, lack of a main idea or consistent point of view; illogi- cal reasoning ■ Ineffective organization and unclear meaning throughout ■ Unsupported generalizations and assertions; details that are irrelevant and presented in a con- fusing manner ■ Language use that is imprecise, with serious and distracting errors ■ Many serious errors in mechanics, sentence syn- tax, and paragraphing Following are examples of scored essays for Top- ics 1 and 2. (There are some deliberate errors in all the essays, so that you can tell how much latitude you have.) TOPIC 1 Pass—Score = 4 I like TV. It’s relaxing after a hard day, and the quota- tion above is correct—TV has enabled us to see places we’ve never gotten to go, and it has made possible a global village. But it has its dark side, too. Take for example the case of Darrell, who, in 1989, married Sherry, a good friend of mine. Their wedding was lovely, held outdoors to the music of gui- tars and tamborines, on a sunlit spring day, all their friends present. I’d flown in from a thousand miles away just for the wedding, so it was a couple of years before I made it back to visit them again. By that time they’d bought a small two-bedroom house and had acquired a cat, an orange-striped, 15-pound scrapper named Chester. But I had been in their home only hours before I realized something was wrong. During supper Darrell was cordial and seemed glad to have me there. We had pasta and wine and talked about old times. After sup- per, he excused himself and went into the family room and turned on the TV. Over coffee, Sherry told me he was addicted.“If there’s nothing else on, he’ll watch the weather channel for hours.” She told me that the addic- tion had come on gradually. “We used to take nature walks and go to museums but not anymore.” –CBEST PRACTICE EXAM 2– 228 . you must use the least common denominator of 8. ᎏ 1 8 8 ᎏ plus ᎏ 3 8 7 ᎏ plus ᎏ 4 8 ᎏ equals ᎏ 5 8 9 ᎏ , which is 7 ᎏ 3 8 ᎏ after it is reduced. 28. e. Four inches is equal to 16 quarter inches, which. pay is (0 .8) (20,000) + (0.6)(40,000) + (0.4)(32,000) = 16,000 + 24,000 + 12 ,80 0 = 52 ,80 0. 36. e. 2,200(0.07) = $154. $154 + 1,400(0.04) = $210. $210 + 3,100(0. 08) = $4 58. $4 58 + $900(0.03) = $ 485 . 37 test scores together: 95 + 85 + 88 + 84 = 352. Now subtract that total from the total needed, in order to see what score the student must make to reach 90%: 450 – 352 = 98. 7. b. Yellow beans +