12. The author of Passage 1 says in the final paragraph that in the teen years, it is most important to a. learn to make shirts correctly b. keep one’s mind on the task at hand c. unlearn any left-handed habits d. have fun e. think about the best way to do everything 13. The word peculiar in line 24 most nearly means a. odd b. distinctive c. uniform d. rigid e. enthusiastic 14. In line 27, the phrase however trifling the occupa- tion most nearly means a. no matter what the line of work b. even in the least important task c. particularly in one’s employment d. whenever one needs to work e. no matter how undignified one’s job is 15. In the opening of Passage 2 (lines 31–38), the author states the belief that what stands between us and reality is a. facts b. poetry and philosophy c. a wall or a state d. mud and slush e. opinion, prejudice, delusion, appearance, and tradition 16. Toward delusion, it can be inferred that the author of Passage 2 feels a. indifferent b. threatened c. frustrated that it is so pervasive d. happy that it is so rare e. ready to accept it as a part of life 17. In the last paragraph of Passage 2, the author indicates that a. our brain is our best tool b. mining is an honorable occupation c. fishing makes one foolish d. humans are superior to other animals e. it can be hard to tell up from down when looking in a stream 18. With which of the following statements would the authors of both passages agree? a. Reality is whatever you define it as. b. That which is real is plain, if not always easy, to see. c. Society cloaks reality in mystery. d. What one actually does is more important than what one thinks. e. Hard work is the most important thing in life. 19. The two passages differ in that the author of Passage 1 a. offers advice, while the author of Passage 2 does not b. is writing for parents, and the author of Passage 2 is not c. believes that observation is of paramount importance, but the author of Passage 2 thinks observation is overrated d. offers practical advice, while the author of Passage 2 takes a more intellectual approach e. cares about public opinion, while the author of Passage 2 does not 20. Both passages illustrate the idea that a. thinking for oneself has many rewards b. a well-bred person is industrious c. a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush d. life in the country is more rewarding than city life e. if one takes ones time, one will do a better job –THE SAT CRITICAL READING SECTION– 67 5658 SAT2006[03](fin).qx 11/21/05 6:42 PM Page 67 Questions 21–26 are based on the following passage. The following selection is taken from Hawaii’s Story by Hawaii’s Queen, by Liliuokalani, a Hawaiian queen. For the purpose of enhancing the value of their own mission, it has been at times asserted by foreigners that the abundance of the chief was procured by the poverty of his followers. To any person at all famil- iar, either by experience or from trustworthy tradition, with the daily life of the Hawaiian people fifty years ago, nothing could be more incorrect than such an assumption. The chief whose retainers were in any poverty or want would have felt, not only their sufferings, but, further, his own disgrace. As was then cus- tomary with the Hawaiian chiefs, my father was surrounded by hundreds of his own people, all of whom looked to him, and never in vain, for sustenance. He lived in a large grass house surrounded by smaller ones, which were the homes of those the most closely connected with his service. There was food enough and to spare for everyone. And this was equally true of all his people, however distant from his personal care. For the chief always appointed some man of ability as his agent or overseer. This officer apportioned the lands to each Hawaiian, and on these allotments were raised the taro*, the potatoes, the pigs, and the chick- ens which constituted the living of the family; even the forests, which furnished the material from which was made the tapa cloth, were apportioned to the women in like manner. It is true that no one of the com- mon people could mortgage or sell his land, but the wisdom of this limitation is abundantly proved by the homeless condition of the Hawaiians at the present day. Rent, eviction of tenants, as understood in other lands, were unknown; but each retainer of any chief contributed in the productions of his holding to the support of the chief’s table. But I was destined to grow up away from the house of my parents. Immediately after my birth I was wrapped in the finest soft tapa cloth, and taken to the house of another chief, by whom I was adopted. Konia, my foster-mother, was a granddaughter of Kamehameha I, and was married to Paki, also a high chief; their only daughter, Bernice Pauahi, afterwards Mrs. Charles R. Bishop, was therefore my foster-sister. In speak- ing of our relationship, I have adopted the term customarily used in the English language, but there was no such modification recognized in my native land. I knew no other father or mother than my foster- parents, no other sister than Bernice. I used to climb up on the knees of Paki, put my arms around his neck, kiss him, and he caressed me as a father would his child; while on the contrary, when I met my own par- ents, it was with perhaps more interest, yet always with the demeanor I would have shown to any strangers who noticed me. My own father and mother had other children, ten in all, the most of them being adopted into other chiefs’ families; and although I knew that these were my own brothers and sisters, yet we met throughout my younger life as though we had not known our common parentage. This was, and indeed is, in accordance with Hawaiian customs. It is not easy to explain its origin to those alien to our national life, but it seems perfectly natural to us. As intelligible a reason as can be given is that this alliance by adoption cemented the ties of friendship between the chiefs. It spread to the common people, and it has doubtless fostered a community of interest and harmony. * an edible plant –THE SAT CRITICAL READING SECTION– 68 Line (5) (10) (15) (20) (25) (30) 5658 SAT2006[03](fin).qx 11/21/05 6:42 PM Page 68 21. In line 2, the phrase the abundance of the chief was procured by the poverty of his followers indicates a. the chief never bought anything the people couldn’t afford b. the chief felt badly for those with less than the royals c. foreigners do not understand Hawaiian culture d. Hawaiian tradition is more important than personal wealth e. all the people’s wealth went to the chief 22. In line 7, the word sustenance refers to a. material support b. encouragement c. shelter d. affection e. rule 23. In lines 12–13, the author states that Hawaiian women were given a. taro b. tapa cloth c. forest land d. raw materials e. nothing 24. The last two sentences of paragraph 1 (lines 13–17) portray the Hawaiian land system as a. limited in its wisdom b. responsible for homelessness c. used to support the chief’s retainers d. viable in the present day e. superior to the present system 25. In paragraph 2 (lines 18–33), the explanation offered by the author for her adoption reflects her belief that a. her foster parents were superior to her birth parents b. children should never be separated from their parents c. it was her fate d. the practice encourages cooperation among the people e. brothers and sisters are more often annoying than not 26. The author’s tone in this passage is one of a. belligerence regarding her parents b. defensiveness of her culture c. resentment toward Western culture d. affection toward her adoptive parents e. curiosity about traditional practices –THE SAT CRITICAL READING SECTION– 69 5658 SAT2006[03](fin).qx 11/21/05 6:42 PM Page 69 Questions 27–32 are based on the following passage. This passage is an excerpt from the book Concerning the Spiritual in Art, by the artist Wassily Kandinsky. Every work of art is the child of its age and, in many cases, the mother of our emotions. It follows that each period of culture produces an art of its own which can never be repeated. Efforts to revive the art princi- ples of the past will at best produce an art that is still-born. It is impossible for us to live and feel, as did the ancient Greeks. In the same way those who strive to follow the Greek methods in sculpture achieve only a similarity of form, the work remaining soulless for all time. Such imitation is mere aping. Externally the monkey completely resembles a human being; he will sit holding a book in front of his nose and turn over the pages with a thoughtful aspect, but his actions have for him no real meaning. There is, however, in art another kind of external similarity, which is founded on a fundamental truth. When there is a similarity of inner tendency in the whole moral and spiritual atmosphere, a similarity of ideals, at first closely pursued but later lost to sight, a similarity in the inner feeling of any one period to that of another, the logical result will be a revival of the external forms that served to express those inner feelings in an earlier age. An example of this today is our sympathy, our spiritual relationship, with the Prim- itives. Like ourselves, these artists sought to express in their work only internal truths, renouncing in con- sequence all consideration of external form. This all-important spark of inner life today is at present only a spark. Our minds, which are even now only just awakening after years of materialism, are infected with the despair of unbelief, of lack of purpose and ideal. The nightmare of materialism, which has turned the life of the universe into an evil, useless game, is not yet past; it holds the awakening soul still in its grip. Only a feeble light glimmers like a tiny star in a vast gulf of darkness. This feeble light is but a presentiment, and the soul, when it sees it, trembles in doubt whether the light is not a dream, and the gulf of darkness reality. This doubt, and the still harsh tyranny of the materialistic philosophy, divide our soul sharply from that of the Primitives. Our soul rings cracked when we seek to play upon it, as does a costly vase, long buried in the earth, which is found to have a flaw when it is dug up once more. For this reason, the Primitive phase, through which we are now passing, with its temporary similarity of form, can only be of short duration. These two possible resemblances between the art forms of today and those of the past will be at once recognized as diametrically opposed to one another. The first, being purely external, has no future. The second, being internal, contains the seed of the future within itself. After the period of materialist effort, which held the soul in check until it was shaken off as evil, the soul is emerging, purged by trials and suf- ferings. Shapeless emotions such as fear, joy, grief, etc., which belonged to this time of effort, will no longer greatly attract the artist. He will endeavor to awake subtler emotions, as yet unnamed. Living himself a com- plicated and comparatively subtle life, his work will give to those observers capable of feeling them lofty emotions beyond the reach of words. The observer of today, however, is seldom capable of feeling such emotions. He seeks in a work of art a mere imitation of nature which can serve some definite purpose (for example a portrait in the ordi- nary sense) or a presentment of nature according to a certain convention (“impressionist” painting), or some inner feeling expressed in terms of natural form (as we say—a picture with Stimmung*). All those * feeling –THE SAT CRITICAL READING SECTION– 70 Line (5) (10) (15) (20) (25) (30) (35) 5658 SAT2006[03](fin).qx 11/21/05 6:42 PM Page 70 27. In line 1, Every work of art is the child of its age means a. all art matures over time b. art reflects its era c. art has different meanings for different people d. every age has produced art e. art reflects the innocence of children 28. In lines 5–7, the author uses the example of the monkey to a. show that human beings and apes are similar b. demonstrate that monkeys can imitate human beings c. prove that imitation is mechanical d. show that all art can be replicated e. draw a connection between imitating art and monkeys 29. In line 19, presentiment most nearly means a. despair b. precursor c. intellect d. trust e. premonition 30. In paragraph 3, the author believe that the Primi- tive phase will be short-lived because a. the human soul is cracked like a vase b. the spark of inner life is only a spark c. darkness is the true reality d. doubt and materialism prevail e. society is not prepared for it 31. It can be inferred that the author feels art a. should render nature exactly b. is best when viewed in a museum c. should enrich the spirit d. changes over time e. improves with every generation 32. In line 26, diametrically most nearly means a. unalike b. ideally c. identically d. unusually e. harmonious –THE SAT CRITICAL READING SECTION– 71 varieties of picture, when they are really art, fulfill their purpose and feed the spirit. Though this applies to the first case, it applies more strongly to the third, where the spectator does feel a corresponding thrill in himself. Such harmony or even contrast of emotion cannot be superficial or worthless; indeed the Stim- mung of a picture can deepen and purify that of the spectator. Such works of art at least preserve the soul from coarseness; they “key it up,” so to speak, to a certain height, as a tuning-key the strings of a musical instrument. But purification, and extension in duration and size of this sympathy of soul, remain one-sided, and the possibilities of the influence of art are not exerted to their utmost. (40) 5658 SAT2006[03](fin).qx 11/21/05 6:42 PM Page 71 Questions 33–40 are based on the following passage. The following excerpt from Charles Darwin’s The Voyage of the Beagle tells of a defining chapter in the life of a budding scientist. The voyage of the “Beagle” has been by far the most important event in my life, and has determined my whole career; yet it depended on so small a circumstance as my uncle offering to drive me thirty miles to Shrewsbury, which few uncles would have done, and on such a trifle as the shape of my nose. I have always felt that I owe to the voyage the first real training or education of my mind; I was led to attend closely to several branches of natural history, and thus my powers of observation were improved, though they were always fairly developed. The investigation of the geology of all the places visited was far more important, as reasoning here comes into play. On first examining a new district nothing can appear more hopeless than the chaos of rocks; but by recording the stratification and nature of the rocks and fossils at many points, always reasoning and predicting what will be found elsewhere, light soon begins to dawn on the district, and the structure of the whole becomes more or less intelligible. I had brought with me the first volume of Lyell’s Principles of Geol- ogy, which I studied attentively; and the book was of the highest service to me in many ways. The very first place which I examined, namely St. Jago in the Cape de Verde islands, showed me clearly the wonderful superiority of Lyell’s manner of treating geology, compared with that of any other author, whose works I had with me or ever afterwards read. Another of my occupations was collecting animals of all classes, briefly describing and roughly dissecting many of the marine ones; but from not being able to draw, and from not having sufficient anatomical knowledge, a great pile of manuscripts which I made during the voyage has proved almost useless. I thus lost much time, with the exception of that spent in acquiring some knowl- edge of the Crustaceans, as this was of service when in after years I undertook a monograph of the Cirripedia. During some part of the day I wrote my journal, and took much pains in describing carefully and vividly all that I had seen; and this was good practice. My journal served also, in part, as letters to my home, and portions were sent to England whenever there was an opportunity. The above various special studies were, however, of no importance compared with the habit of ener- getic industry and of concentrated attention to whatever I was engaged in, which I then acquired. Every- thing about which I thought or read was made to bear directly on what I had seen or was likely to see; and this habit of mind was continued during the five years of the voyage. I feel sure that it was this training which has enabled me to do whatever I have done in science. Looking backwards, I can now perceive how my love for science gradually preponderated over every other taste. –THE SAT CRITICAL READING SECTION– 72 Line (5) (10) (15) (20) (25) (30) 5658 SAT2006[03](fin).qx 11/21/05 6:42 PM Page 72 . one will do a better job THE SAT CRITICAL READING SECTION 67 565 8 SAT2 0 06[ 03](fin).qx 11/21/05 6: 42 PM Page 67 Questions 21– 26 are based on the following passage. The following selection is. practices THE SAT CRITICAL READING SECTION 69 565 8 SAT2 0 06[ 03](fin).qx 11/21/05 6: 42 PM Page 69 Questions 27–32 are based on the following passage. This passage is an excerpt from the book Concerning. READING SECTION 68 Line (5) (10) (15) (20) (25) (30) 565 8 SAT2 0 06[ 03](fin).qx 11/21/05 6: 42 PM Page 68 21. In line 2, the phrase the abundance of the chief was procured by the poverty of his