[...]... Diffusion 7.5 .1 Face-Centered Cubic Solvents 7.5.2 Body-Centered Cubic Solvents 7.5.3 Diamond Structure Solvents 7.6 Concluding Remarks References 10 5 10 7 10 7 10 8 10 8 10 9 11 2 11 2 11 5 11 6 11 7 12 0 12 1 12 2 12 4 Contents XIII 8 Dependence... 10 .4 Darken-Manning Equations 10 .5 Microstructural Stability of the Kirkendall Plane References 16 1 16 1 16 2 16 3 16 6 16 8 17 0 17 2 17 3 17 6 11 Diffusion and External Driving Forces 11 .1 Overview 11 .2 Fick’s Equations with Drift... 15 1 15 1 15 5 15 5 15 9 10 Interdiffusion and Kirkendall Effect 10 .1 Interdiffusion 10 .1. 1 Boltzmann Transformation 10 .1. 2 Boltzmann-Matano Method 10 .1. 3 Sauer-Freise Method 10 .2 Intrinsic Diffusion and Kirkendall Effect 10 .3 Darken Equations... Diffusion 12 .1 General Remarks 12 .2 Phenomenological Equations of Isothermal Diffusion 12 .2 .1 Tracer Self-Diffusion in Element Crystals 19 1 19 1 19 3 19 3 18 4 18 6 18 8 18 9 XIV Contents 12 .2.2 Diffusion in Binary Alloys 12 .3 The Phenomenological Coefficients 12 .3 .1 Phenomenological Coefficients,... Bulk Properties 8.3 .1 Melting Properties and Diffusion 8.3.2 Activation Parameters and Elastic Constants 8.3.3 Use of Correlations References 12 7 12 7 12 7 13 0 13 2 13 5 13 9 14 0 14 1 14 1 14 6 14 7 14 7 9 Isotope Effect of Diffusion 9 .1 Single-jump Mechanisms ... 18 .2.3 Examples of Hydrogen Diffusion 18 .2.4 Non-Classical Isotope Effects References 313 313 313 314 316 317 317 318 320 323 324 19 Diffusion in Dilute Substitutional Alloys 19 .1 Diffusion of Impurities 19 .1. 1 ‘Normal’ Impurity Diffusion 19 .1. 2... 11 .3 Nernst-Einstein Relation 11 .4 Nernst-Einstein Relation for Ionic Conductors and Haven Ratio 11 .5 Nernst-Planck Equation – Interdiffusion in Ionic Crystals 11 .6 Nernst-Planck Equation versus Darken Equation References 17 9 17 9 18 1 18 2 12 Irreversible... Metals 18 .1 ‘Heavy’ Interstitial Solutes C, N, and O 18 .1. 1 General Remarks 18 .1. 2 Experimental Methods 18 .1. 3 Interstitial Diffusion in Dilute Interstial Alloys 18 .2 Hydrogen Diffusion in Metals 18 .2 .1 General Remarks 18 .2.2 Experimental Methods... (EMPA) 13 .7 Auger-Electron Spectroscopy (AES) 13 .8 Ion-beam Analysis: RBS and NRA References 209 209 212 212 214 215 217 222 223 224 227 230 2 31 234 14 Mechanical Spectroscopy 14 .1 General Remarks 14 .2 Anelasticity and... 12 .3.2 Sum Rules – Relations between Phenomenological Coefficients References 19 5 19 9 202 204 205 Part II Experimental Methods 13 Direct Diffusion Studies 13 .1 Direct versus Indirect Methods 13 .2 The Various Diffusion Coefficients 13 .2 .1 Tracer Diffusion . Kirkendall Effect 16 1 10 .1 Interdiffusion 16 1 10 .1. 1 BoltzmannTransformation 16 2 10 .1. 2 Boltzmann-MatanoMethod 16 3 10 .1. 3 Sauer-FreiseMethod 16 6 10 .2 IntrinsicDiffusionandKirkendallEffect 16 8 10 .3 DarkenEquations. . . 306 17 .4 Metalswith PhaseTransitions 308 References 311 18 Diffusion of Interstitial Solutes in Metals 313 18 .1 ‘Heavy’InterstitialSolutesC,N,andO 313 18 .1. 1 GeneralRemarks 313 18 .1. 2 ExperimentalMethods. Ionic Crystals . . . . 18 6 11 .6 Nernst-Planck Equation versus DarkenEquation 18 8 References 18 9 12 Irreversible Thermodynamics and Diffusion 19 1 12 .1 GeneralRemarks 19 1 12 .2 Phenomenological Equations