Một số động từ luôn có hai tân ngữ, thì tân ngữ trực tiếp chỉ người thường hay được được đưa làm chủ ngữ chính trong câu bị động He gave me 2 tickets.. Tác nhân và công cụ Người gây ra
Trang 1PASSIVE VOICE
I Các cấu trúc bị động cơ bản
Mary helps John->John is helped by Mary / They deliver letters twice a day-> Letters are delivered twice
a day
People first saw the Loch Ness Monster in 1556 ->The Loch Ness Monster was first seen in 1556
3 Present continuous is/am/are + being + PII
The police is watching Rodney -> Rodney is being watched by the police
When we came, they were cleaning our room -> When we came, our room was being cleaned
Someone has stolen my bicycle -> My bicycle has been stolen
6 Past perfect had + been + PII
When they came home, someone had stolen their fur coat -> When they came home, their fur coat had been stolen
7 Future simple and Modal Verbs Will + be +PII
can/ might, may/ must/ should/ have to / ought to/ be going to/ likely to/ used to, had better.+ be +PII
House work is likely to be taken over by robots
8 Future perfect will + have been + done
By 2010, they will have finished this bridge -> By 2010, this bridge will have been finished
II Tân ngữ trực tiếp và tân ngữ gián tiếp
Một số động từ luôn có hai tân ngữ, thì tân ngữ trực tiếp chỉ người thường hay được được đưa làm chủ ngữ chính trong câu bị động
He gave me 2 tickets -> I was given 2 tickets ( more common than : 2 tickets were given to me )
S V O 1 O
Trong trường hợp tân ngữ chỉ vật được thay làm chủ ngữ ở câu bị động, câu nhất thiết phải đi kèm giới từ
Bob’s parents gave him a new bike for his birthday -> Bob was given a new bike for his birthday
A new bike was given to Bob for his birthday
Những động từ có hai tân ngữ thường gặp là :
Award / Bring / Give / Lend / Hand / Owe ? Present / Pass / Pay / Repay / Promise / Sell / Ssend / Show / Tell / Teach
She had better be told the truth The truth had better be told to her
III Cấu trúc bị động với dạng nguyên mẫu hoàn toàn
Thường xảy ra ỡ nhóm các động từ khuyết thiếu khi diễn đạt hành động đã xảy ra
Can, Could, May, Might, Should, Must / Ought to + Have been done
- They should have sent the letter -> The letter should have been sent
- They must have built that house long time ago -> That house must have been built long time ago
- They ought to have invited Jack to the party -> Jack ought to have been invited to that party
IV Tác nhân và công cụ
Người gây ra hành động trong câu bị động được gọi là tác nhân Tác nhân thường được theo sau bởi giớ từ “by” Còn công cụ là vật giúp cho hành động được thực hiện, thường theo sau bởi gt “ with”
She was killed by her neighbour She was killed with a hammer
Đôi lúc , khi hành động là vô tình thì lại phải sử dụng giới từ “ BY”
He was hit on the head by a branch of tree ( accident )
He was hit on the head with a branch of tree ( a person hit him, not accidentally)
V Các cấu trúc đặc biệt của câu bị động
1 Nếu ở câu chủ động chủ ngữ là nobody, no one, nothing thì câu bị động sẽ để ở thể phủ định
ex: Nobody can repair this machine.->This machine can’t be repaired
2 Đối với những động từ: like, love, want, wish + sb + to do st > chuyển thành like, love + to be PII
ex: - I want her to give me a present -> I want to be given a present
- I would love someone to take me out tonight -> I would love to be taken out tonight
- I want you to type all the letters -> I want all the letters to be typed by you or I want to have all the letter typed
They want him to feed the liow -> They want the lion to be feed by him or They want to have the lion feed
3 Đối với những động từ: advise, beg, order, urge/ sb to do st khi chuyển sang bị động: advise, beg, order + that + st + should be done
ex: - He advised us to change the time ->He advised that the time should be changed
- They order him to fasten the seat belt -> The order that the seat belt should be fastened
Trang 24 Đối với những động từ: agree, arrange, decide, demand, determine to do chuyển thành agree, arrange decied , demand, determine that smth should be done
ex: - They decided to sell the house -> They decided that the house should be sold
- They agreed to sign the countract -> They agreed that the contract should be signed
5 Đối với những động từ: advise, insist, recommend, suggest/ doing st chuyển thành suggest, recommned , insist that smth should be done
ex: - They suggested opening a new school -> They suggested that a new school should be opened
- He recommend putting an air-conditioner.- > He recommend that an air-conditioner should be put
6 Bị động kép hay còn gọi là bị động tường thuật Đối với những động từ: find, know, report, say, think, understand, believe, claim, consider, estimate
ex: People said that he was a spy-> It was said that he was a spy -> He was said to be a spy
They think that the thief got into the house -> It is thought that the thief got into the hourse -> The thief is thought to have got into the hourse
Chú ý: - Nếu vế 1 là hiện tại, vế 2 là QK > chuyển thành nguyên mẫu hoàn thành ( to have + PII)
- Nếu vế 1 là QK, vế 2 là QKHT > chuyển thành nguyên mẫu hoàn thành
ex: - People said that he was living in London -> It was said that he was living in London.-> He was said to be living
in London
- They belived she had two sons-> It was belived that had two sons -> She was belived to have two sons
7 Đối với cấu trúc: see, hear, watch, notice, observe, make sb do st/ sb do st/ doing st
ex: - We saw him enter the room - We saw him entering the room
He was seen to enter the room - He was seen entering the room
8 Đối với cấu trúc:
Have sb do st = get sb to do st ( to hire/ to employ sb to do st ) chuyển bị động là to have st done
ex: They employed workers to make more products We are going to have them hand in the reports
They had more products made by workers We are going to have the reports handed in
9 Đối với động từ: LET
a Don’t let
ex: - Don’t let people cheat you - Don’t let them ask you that question
Don’t let yourself be cheated Don’t let yourself be asked that question
b Let sb do st
ex: They let us smoke here
We were allowed to smoke here
We were let smoke here
b Let sb do st
ex: - He let people ask any question - She let people/them laugh at - We let them order
He let himself be asked any question She let herself be laughed at We let ourselves be ordered
10 Các động danh từ như Like, love, hate, remember, forget/ sb doing st chuyển bị động like, hate + being done
ex: - I hate people staring at me - I don’t like people asking stupid questions - I remember some body giving
me a doll
I hate being stared at - I don’t like being asked stupid questions - I remember being given a doll
I will never forget his helping me - I will never forget being helped by him
11 Suppose
ex: It is your duty to do st ex2: It is our duty to obey him
You’ re supposed to do st We are supposed to obey him
12 với cấu trúc It’s imposible to do smth chuyển sang bị động sẽ là : smth can’t be done
It’s imposible to grow roses in such poor soil -> Roses can’t be grown in such poor soil
13 Với cấu trúc Make sb do chuyển sang bị động sẽ là : To be made do
My mother always makes me study two hours a day -> I am always made to study two hours a day by my mother
LYRICS : INSIDE MY GUITAR ( Bellamy Brothers )
Now, there's a place I want to (1) _ you, And don't you know it's not too (2) And there's a place I want to (3) _ you Inside of my guitar In my guitar there is a (4) _ Where (5) _ bloom and shine like stars If you say no, I beg you (6) Come inside of my guitar
Chorus:I'll make you (7) and make you sing And we can play (8) the stars And we'll make love and dance beneath the
(9) Inside of my guitar Now, there's a feeling that I'm after, So please don't think my love's bizarre, But I (10) _ music,
girl, and laughter, Inside of my guitar ( Repeat Chorus )
LYRICS : STREETS OF LONDON ( RALPH McTELL)
Have you seen the old man In the closed-down (1) Kicking up the paper, with his worn out (2) _? In his eyes you see no (3) And held loosely at his side , Yesterday's paper telling yesterday's (4) _
Trang 3CHORUS: So how can you tell me you're (5) , And say for you that the sun don't (6) _? Let me take you by the hand and (7) you through the streets of London I'll show you something to make you (8) _ your mind
Have you seen the old girl , Who walks the streets of London Dirt in her hair and her (9) in rags? She's no time for (10) , She
just keeps right on walking Carrying her home in two carrier bags ( Repeat Chorus)
In the all night cafe At a quarter past (11) _, Same old man is sitting there on his own , Looking at the (12) _ Over the rim of his tea-cup, Each tea lasts an hour Then he (13) _ home alone
( Repeat Chorus) And have you seen the old man Outside the seaman's mission ,(14) fading with
The medal ribbons that he wears, In our (15) _ city, The rain cries a little pity , For one more forgotten hero , And a world that doesn't care