PASSIVE VOICE I. Các cấu trúc bị động cơ bản. 1. Simple present. am/ is/ are + PII . Mary helps John->John is helped by Mary / They deliver letters twice a day-> Letters are delivered twice a day 2. Simple past. were/ was + PII People first saw the Loch Ness Monster in 1556 ->The Loch Ness Monster was first seen in 1556 3. Present continuous. is/am/are + being + PII The police is watching Rodney -> Rodney is being watched by the police 4. Past continuous. were/was + being +PII When we came, they were cleaning our room -> When we came, our room was being cleaned 5. Present perfect. have/has + been + PII Someone has stolen my bicycle -> My bicycle has been stolen 6. Past perfect. had + been + PII When they came home, someone had stolen their fur coat -> When they came home, their fur coat had been stolen 7. Future simple and Modal Verbs Will .+ be +PII can/ might, may/ must/ should/ have to / ought to/ be going to/ likely to/ used to, had better.+ be +PII House work is likely to be taken over by robots. 8. Future perfect will + have been + done By 2010, they will have finished this bridge -> By 2010, this bridge will have been finished II. Tân ngữ trực tiếp và tân ngữ gián tiếp. Một số động từ luôn có hai tân ngữ, thì tân ngữ trực tiếp chỉ người thường hay được được đưa làm chủ ngữ chính trong câu bị động He gave me 2 tickets. -> I was given 2 tickets ( more common than : 2 tickets were given to me ) S V O 1 O Trong trường hợp tân ngữ chỉ vật được thay làm chủ ngữ ở câu bị động, câu nhất thiết phải đi kèm giới từ Bob’s parents gave him a new bike for his birthday -> Bob was given a new bike for his birthday A new bike was given to Bob for his birthday Những động từ có hai tân ngữ thường gặp là : Award / Bring / Give / Lend / Hand / Owe ? Present / Pass / Pay / Repay / Promise / Sell / Ssend / Show / Tell / Teach She had better be told the truth The truth had better be told to her. III. Cấu trúc bị động với dạng nguyên mẫu hoàn toàn. Thường xảy ra ỡ nhóm các động từ khuyết thiếu khi diễn đạt hành động đã xảy ra Can, Could, May, Might, Should, Must / Ought to + Have been done - They should have sent the letter -> The letter should have been sent. - They must have built that house long time ago -> That house must have been built long time ago - They ought to have invited Jack to the party -> Jack ought to have been invited to that party IV. Tác nhân và công cụ Người gây ra hành động trong câu bị động được gọi là tác nhân. Tác nhân thường được theo sau bởi giớ từ “by” .Còn công cụ là vật giúp cho hành động được thực hiện, thường theo sau bởi gt “ with”. She was killed by her neighbour . She was killed with a hammer. Đôi lúc , khi hành động là vô tình thì lại phải sử dụng giới từ “ BY” He was hit on the head by a branch of tree ( accident ) He was hit on the head with a branch of tree ( a person hit him, not accidentally) V. Các cấu trúc đặc biệt của câu bị động 1. Nếu ở câu chủ động chủ ngữ là nobody, no one, nothing thì câu bị động sẽ để ở thể phủ định. ex: Nobody can repair this machine >This machine can’t be repaired 2. Đối với những động từ: like, love, want, wish + sb + to do st > chuyển thành like, love + to be PII. ex: - I want her to give me a present -> I want to be given a present. - I would love someone to take me out tonight -> I would love to be taken out tonight. - I want you to type all the letters -> I want all the letters to be typed by you or I want to have all the letter typed. They want him to feed the liow -> They want the lion to be feed by him or They want to have the lion feed. 3. Đối với những động từ: advise, beg, order, urge/ sb to do st khi chuyển sang bị động: advise, beg, order + that + st + should be done. ex: - He advised us to change the time ->He advised that the time should be changed. - They order him to fasten the seat belt -> The order that the seat belt should be fastened. 4. Đối với những động từ: agree, arrange, decide, demand, determine to do chuyển thành agree, arrange. decied , demand, determine that smth should be done ex: - They decided to sell the house -> They decided that the house should be sold. - They agreed to sign the countract -> They agreed that the contract should be signed. 5. Đối với những động từ: advise, insist, recommend, suggest/ doing st chuyển thành suggest, recommned , insist that smth should be done ex: - They suggested opening a new school -> They suggested that a new school should be opened. - He recommend putting an air-conditioner > He recommend that an air-conditioner should be put 6. Bị động kép hay còn gọi là bị động tường thuật. Đối với những động từ: find, know, report, say, think, understand, believe, claim, consider, estimate ex: People said that he was a spy-> It was said that he was a spy -> He was said to be a spy They think that the thief got into the house -> It is thought that the thief got into the hourse -> The thief is thought to have got into the hourse. Chú ý: - Nếu vế 1 là hiện tại, vế 2 là QK > chuyển thành nguyên mẫu hoàn thành. ( to have + PII). - Nếu vế 1 là QK, vế 2 là QKHT > chuyển thành nguyên mẫu hoàn thành. ex: - People said that he was living in London -> It was said that he was living in London > He was said to be living in London. - They belived she had two sons-> It was belived that had two sons -> She was belived to have two sons. 7. Đối với cấu trúc: see, hear, watch, notice, observe, make sb do st/ sb do st/ doing st. ex: - We saw him enter the room. - We saw him entering the room. He was seen to enter the room. - He was seen entering the room. 8 . Đối với cấu trúc: Have sb do st = get sb to do st ( to hire/ to employ sb to do st ) chuyển bị động là to have st done ex: They employed workers to make more products. We are going to have them hand in the reports They had more products made by workers. We are going to have the reports handed in. 9. Đối với động từ: LET a. Don’t let. ex: - Don’t let people cheat you. - Don’t let them ask you that question Don’t let yourself be cheated. Don’t let yourself be asked that question. You mustn’t be cheated. You mustn’t be asked that question b. Let sb do st. ex: They let us smoke here. We were allowed to smoke here. We were let smoke here. b. Let sb do st. ex: - He let people ask any question. - She let people/them laugh at. - We let them order. He let himself be asked any question. She let herself be laughed at. We let ourselves be ordered 10. Các động danh từ như Like, love, hate, remember, forget/ sb doing st chuyển bị động like, hate + being done ex: - I hate people staring at me. - I don’t like people asking stupid questions. - I remember some body giving me a doll I hate being stared at. - I don’t like being asked stupid questions. - I remember being given a doll I will never forget his helping me - I will never forget being helped by him. 11. Suppose. ex: It is your duty to do st. ex2: It is our duty to obey him. You’ re supposed to do st. We are supposed to obey him. 12. với cấu trúc It’s imposible to do smth chuyển sang bị động sẽ là : smth can’t be done It’s imposible to grow roses in such poor soil -> Roses can’t be grown in such poor soil 13. Với cấu trúc Make sb do chuyển sang bị động sẽ là : To be made do My mother always makes me study two hours a day -> I am always made to study two hours a day by my mother. LYRICS : INSIDE MY GUITAR ( Bellamy Brothers ) Now, there's a place I want to (1)___ you, And don't you know it's not too (2)____. And there's a place I want to (3) _____ you. Inside of my guitar In my guitar there is a (4)_____. Where (5)_____ bloom and shine like stars. If you say no, I beg you (6)________. Come inside of my guitar Chorus:I'll make you (7)______ and make you sing. And we can play (8)______ the stars. And we'll make love and dance beneath the (9)____________. Inside of my guitar Now, there's a feeling that I'm after, So please don't think my love's bizarre, But I (10)_____ music, girl, and laughter, Inside of my guitar. ( Repeat Chorus ) LYRICS : STREETS OF LONDON ( RALPH McTELL) Have you seen the old man . In the closed-down (1)______ . Kicking up the paper, with his worn out (2)_____? In his eyes you see no (3)______ . And held loosely at his side , Yesterday's paper telling yesterday's (4)_______. CHORUS: So how can you tell me you're (5)______, And say for you that the sun don't (6)_______? Let me take you by the hand and (7)______ you through the streets of London . I'll show you something to make you (8)_________ your mind Have you seen the old girl , Who walks the streets of London . Dirt in her hair and her (9)______ in rags? She's no time for (10)______, She just keeps right on walking . Carrying her home in two carrier bags. ( Repeat Chorus) In the all night cafe. At a quarter past (11)_______, Same old man is sitting there on his own , Looking at the (12)_____ . Over the rim of his tea-cup, Each tea lasts an hour . Then he (13)_______ home alone ( Repeat Chorus) And have you seen the old man . Outside the seaman's mission ,(14)____ fading with The medal ribbons that he wears, In our (15)_________ city, The rain cries a little pity , For one more forgotten hero , And a world that doesn't care . ( a person hit him, not accidentally) V. Các cấu trúc đặc biệt của câu bị động 1. Nếu ở câu chủ động chủ ngữ là nobody, no one, nothing thì câu bị động sẽ để ở thể phủ định. ex: Nobody can. truth had better be told to her. III. Cấu trúc bị động với dạng nguyên mẫu hoàn toàn. Thường xảy ra ỡ nhóm các động từ khuyết thiếu khi diễn đạt hành động đã xảy ra Can, Could, May, Might,. PASSIVE VOICE I. Các cấu trúc bị động cơ bản. 1. Simple present. am/ is/ are + PII . Mary helps John->John is helped by