Photoshop cs quickstep - part 6 doc

152 PC QuickSteps Getting to Know Your PC 1 2 34 5 6 78 9 10 1 2 34 5 6 78 9 10 1 2 34 5 6 78 9 10 Here’s a nice close-up photograph of some nachos , but the lighting is a little cold. Work with Lighten and Darken Modes Lighten and Darken modes are the flip sides of the same coin: in Lighten mode, the blend layer lightens only areas on the base (the bottom) layer—or multiple layers—that are darker, and in Darken mode, blend layer areas only darken underlying areas that are lighter than the corresponding area. Lighten painting mode is useful for brightening image areas without totally ruining image detail: 1. Pick a neutral, medium tone image color using the Eyedropper tool to sample. 2. Create a new layer above the base layer, and choose Lighten mode for the layer on the Layers panel. Areas darker than your brush color are lightened to the color of your foreground color, but areas lighter than this color are unaffected. USE LIGHTEN MODE Suppose you took a photo of a striking sky, but your framing was a little off and a water tower or trees invade the bottom of the photo. There is no need to crop to cope in this situation. You use Lighten mode in combination with the Clone Stamp tool—this is yet another painting tool—to clone away the offending items. You don’t even have to mask the image. 1. On the Layers panel, click Create A New Layer to create a new layer above your photo. 2. Choose Lighten mode from the Layers panel’s drop-down list. NOTE Overlay mode screens (bleaches; see “Know When to Use Screen and Multiply Modes) colors below the layer whose colors are brighter than 128 on the scale of 0–255 possible brightness values. At the same time, Overlay multiplies (deepens) underlying pixels whose brightness value is less than 128. It’s an interesting effect all by itself: Screen, Multiply, and Overlay modes are covered in “Know When to Use Overlay and Light Blend Modes” later in this chapter. UICKSTEPS ADDING GRIT AND WARMTH TO A PHOTOGRAPH Let’s make the nachos image—or just about any food photography image—more appealing for print and Web display. Follow these steps to add some stylizing, warmth, and a little Dissolve mode toning to an image: 1. With your image in Photoshop, click Create A New Layer on the Layers panel to create a new blank layer on top of the image. By default this is the current editing layer. 2. Press D (default colors) so your foreground color swatch on the Tools panel is black. 3. Choose the Gradient tool. It’s a painting tool, and it works in Dissolve mode. 4. On the Options bar, click the Radial Gradient button . Then click the Gradient Picker down arrow to the right of the gradient preset thumbnail and choose the second one, foreground to transparent. Then choose Dissolve mode from the Mode drop-down list on the Options bar. Continued . . . 7 152 Photoshop CS4 QuickSteps Using Paint and Layer Blend Modes PC QuickSteps Getting to Know Your PC 153 10 9 87 6 54 32 1 UICKSTEPS ADDING GRIT AND WARMTH TO A PHOTOGRAPH (Continued) 5. Click the Reverse, Dither, and Transparency check boxes on the Options bar so that the Gradient tool travels from transparent to black. 6. To display the gradient effect, drag from the center of the image to the edge, and you’ll get a somewhat unpleasant result, but this is okay—you’re not done yet. Figure 7-1 shows the two layers composited, and a close-up of what Dissolve mode looks like when you paint. 7. Soften the pixels on Layer 1: click Filter | Blur | Gaussian Blur, set the Radius to 1 pixel, and then click OK. 8. On the Layers panel, click the Modes down arrow and then choose Overlay. As you can see in Figure 7-2, the nachos image has a pleasing vignette effect; the overall image looks warmer and a little stylized, and is perfect for a poster at a fast-food restaurant. Dissolve mode produces different results depending on the Opacity setting you choose. Because a gradient can travel from opaque to transparent, using Dissolve mode creates an arrangement of single pixels that vary as the opacity of the gradient decreases. Figure 7-1: Dissolve blend mode spreads foreground color pixels in a random arrangement. Figure 7-2: Use Dissolve mode in combination with Overlay mode to stylize images. 7 Photoshop CS4 QuickSteps Using Paint and Layer Blend Modes 153 154 PC QuickSteps Getting to Know Your PC 1 2 34 5 6 78 9 10 1 2 34 5 6 78 9 10 1 2 34 5 6 78 9 10 3. Choose the Clone Stamp tool from the Tools panel. Set the size on the Options bar to scale in relation to the area(s) you want to retouch. Uncheck the Aligned check box and then choose All Layers from the Sample drop-down list. 4. To prevent stroking unwanted areas into your retouching areas, ALT/OPT+click a sample area that is nowhere near the area you plan to stroke into. 5. When your sampling area runs out of room, release the mouse button and then resume stroking—the Clone Stamp resumes cloning from your original point, because it’s not aligned (bound to) the sample area. As you can see in Figure 7-3, the retouching work is seamless because the Clone Stamp tool is not lightening areas of clouds lighter than the sample area. The original cloud areas are more or less retained. USE DARKEN MODE Darken mode is terrific for toning down background areas while still keeping some detail, so the background doesn’t look like a solid color. Use this mode to get rid QUICKFACTS MERGING YOUR BLEND LAYERS TOGETHER When you decide to merge a layer down, any layer takes on the blend mode of the layer to which you merge beneath it. Therefore, if you merge a layer in Normal mode to a layer that’s in Multiply mode, the combination becomes a single Multiply mode layer, and that might not be visually what you want. Therefore, don’t merge layers until you’re satisfied with your composition, and it’s a good idea—to retain all layer blend properties—to use either Flatten Image or Merge Visible; both commands are available when you right-click over a layer’s title on the Layers panel. If you don’t want a layer to be affected, you need to hide it by clicking its associated eye icon on the Layers panel. Once a layer is hidden, you can choose Merge Visible from the context menu that appears when you right-click over a layer title on the Layers panel. If you’re unhappy with the result, press CTRL/CMD+D to undo the merge operation. Then you can restore the hidden layer to visibility and continue working on your image. Figure 7-3: Lighten blend mode only looks at the layer data, and not which painting tool you use. TIP Lighten mode when used with the Clone Stamp tool also comes in very handy for removing telephone wires and other obstructions from backgrounds. 7 154 Photoshop CS4 QuickSteps Using Paint and Layer Blend Modes PC QuickSteps Getting to Know Your PC 155 10 9 87 6 54 32 1 of annoying reflections when you need to photograph objects in front of store windows. For example, notice that the image alongside has strong color and geometric composition, but the window of the store shows off a motley assortment of antiques that only distract from the foreground. The solution is to tone down the window’s contents using Darken mode. Here is how you use Darken mode to handle reflections: 1. Click the Create A New Layer icon on the Layers panel. 2. Choose Darken blend mode from the Layers panel drop-down list. 3. Click the Eyedropper tool on the Tools panel, and then on the Options bar, choose 3 by 3 Average from the Sampling Size drop-down list. If you’re working on a very large image, use a larger sampling size. 4. Click over a medium tone area within the larger area you want to tone down. Remember: only image colors lighter than the color sample you created will be toned down to this color. (In the case of Figure 7-4, the darker background in the window was selected as the sample since the lighter reflection needed to be toned down to match the sampled background.) Figure 7-4: Areas that are too light in images can benefit from Darken layer blend mode. Sampled area 7 Photoshop CS4 QuickSteps Using Paint and Layer Blend Modes 155 156 PC QuickSteps Getting to Know Your PC 1 2 34 5 6 78 9 10 1 2 34 5 6 78 9 10 1 2 34 5 6 78 9 10 5. Click the Brush tool, and then on the Options bar, set the Brush Size appropriately to your overall image and choose a soft brush. Digital photos, full frame, generally call for a Brush tip of anywhere from 65 to 200 pixels in diameter. 6. Stroke over the bright areas in the photo you want to tone down. As you can see in Figure 7-4, the photo still features what is clearly a glass window, but the visual content is toned down so the audience can focus on the chairs in the foreground. Know When to Use Screen and Multiply Modes Screen and Multiply modes can be thought of as similar to Lighten and Darken modes, with an important distinction: • When painting or using a layer in Screen blend mode, image areas always result in a lighter color as a combination of the blend and the base layer colors. A black layer in Screen mode results in no image change. Applying white to a layer in Screen mode— or painting on a normal layer with a brush in Screen painting mode, depending on the Opacity you choose—results in a bright or even white result image area. • When using Multiply blend mode, the result image area color is always darker than the original. Multiply can be thought of as a “stain,” while its opposite, Screen, is a sort of “bleach.” Using white in Multiply mode results in no change. Screen is great for creating glows and Multiply is the choice for creating shadows in an image. LEARN A PRACTICAL APPLICATION FOR SCREEN Although you can create a halo effect above a person using Photoshop’s Styles panel (see Chapter 11), a manual approach using a layer in Screen mode can produce the same, if not better, effect. Here’s how to use Screen mode in combination with other simple Photoshop features to create a T-shirt transfer for a proud father, of his son: 1. Open the image to which you want to add a halo. 2. Click Create A New layer on the Layers panel, the dog-eared page icon. 3. Click Screen from the blend modes drop-down list on the Layers panel. The current layer is now in Screen blend mode. 4. Click+hold the Marquee Tools group icon on the Tools panel to reveal the entire group and then click the Elliptical Marquee tool. 7 156 Photoshop CS4 QuickSteps Using Paint and Layer Blend Modes PC QuickSteps Getting to Know Your PC 157 10 9 87 6 54 32 1 5. Click the Set Foreground color swatch on the Tools panel and then choose a bright yellow from the Color Picker. Click OK to return to the document. 6. Drag an ellipse above the head of the person to whom you’ll confer sainthood. 7. Click Edit | Stroke. In the Stroke dialog box, set the Width to a scale proportional to your overall image. A width of 8 pixels will probably serve you well for a portrait photo from a 9 megapixel digital camera. You’ve already defined the color, but if you want something other than the current foreground swatch on the Tools panel, click the color swatch here to redefine the stroke color. Choose Location: Center, and leave the blend mode at Normal, Opacity 100%. Click OK to apply the stroke. This is not the finished effect; don’t worry that this stroke width is on the narrow side. Use Figure 7-5 as a visual reference. 8. Click the background layer title on the Layers panel and then click the Create A New Layer icon. By default, new layers appear just above the current editing layer, so you now have a blank layer sandwiched between the stroked layer and the background image. Put this layer into Screen mode, and do not deselect the ellipse selection yet. Figure 7-5: Use the Stroke command to draw an outline around an active selection. TIP When stroking a selection, you’ll get a more pronounced effect using the Blend mode setting if you’re stroking a normal, single-layer photo. It’s hard to predict the results, for example, of stroking in Dissolve mode to a layer that’s in Screen mode. 7 Photoshop CS4 QuickSteps Using Paint and Layer Blend Modes 157 158 PC QuickSteps Getting to Know Your PC 1 2 34 5 6 78 9 10 1 2 34 5 6 78 9 10 1 2 34 5 6 78 9 10 9. Click Edit | Stroke; the dialog box has remembered your last-used settings, so the only thing to change here is the Width: set it to about 50 pixels and then click OK. Click anywhere outside the selection with the Elliptical Marquee tool to deselect the selection. Alternatively, Deselect’s shortcut is CTRL/CMD+D. 10. Click Filter | Blur | Gaussian Blur, an intense blurring effect that Photoshop uses in the Styles panel presets quite frequently. Set the Radius to about 17 pixels or whatever looks good in the document window, which by default previews an effect in real time. Click OK, and as you can see in Figure 7-6, the image is perfect for a T-shirt transfer or other printing need for your client. You can try reducing the opacity for the blurred layer to further emphasize the crisp halo on the top layer. Use Multiply Mode for Shadows Multiply blend mode, used with either painting or assigned to an entire layer, always creates a resulting color that’s darker than the lightest area on either the base or the blend layer. Part of the beauty of Multiply mode is in its use at partial opacity. If you can paint the general shape of an object’s shadow, you can create a composition where the background layer’s visual content is anything you like: a park, a wall, anything your creativity suggests. Follow these steps after reading Chapter 5 on creating selections, and Chapter 6 on working with layers: 1. Create a selection around an image object you want to put in front of a background image. 2. With your cursor inside the selection marquee, right-click and then click Layer Via Copy. You’ll see a new layer containing your selection appear in the Layers panel. 3. Open your background document. Detach it from the grouped windows by dragging its title bar outside of the current document window. 4. In the Layers panel of the foreground object image, click the title of the layer containing the selected object, and drag it onto the background document window. The selected object will be duplicated onto the background image. 5. Click the original background layer title on the Layers panel, then click the Create A New Layer icon to produce Layer 2, the current editing layer. 6. Click the blend mode down arrow and click Multiply. Figure 7-6: Use multiple layers with different image content to create complex and intriguing compositions. 7 158 Photoshop CS4 QuickSteps Using Paint and Layer Blend Modes PC QuickSteps Getting to Know Your PC 159 10 9 87 6 54 32 1 7. Click the Brush tool; on the Options bar, choose a size for the brush that will scale well to paint a shadow. Depending on your composition, use a hard brush for crisp shadow edges (outdoor photography usually displays sharp shadow edges) or use a soft tip brush for more diffuse lighting. 8. Hold ALT/OPT to toggle to the Eyedropper tool, and then sample a darkish tone from the composition. This is going to be your shadow color. 9. Paint the shadow, as shown in Figure 7-7. 10. If the shadow looks too dense, drag the Opacity slider on the Layers panel to the left. Work with Lighter and Darker Colors Not only are the Lighter and Darker Color blend modes less intense than their next-of-kin—Screen and Multiply—but they can also have entirely different purposes: • A layer in Lighter Color mode will only be visible in areas that have corresponding darker colors on the layer(s) beneath. • A layer’s visual contents in Darker Color mode are only visible when they are on top of lighter colors on the layer(s) beneath. These two opposite blend modes have little regard for hue or saturation, but instead are most effective when, for example, your photo has high brightness difference between the foreground and background subjects. You can actually recolor image areas without creating a mask, as shown in the following steps, where you’ll learn how to create a solarized effect only in the shadow regions of a photo: 1. Choose an image that has very high contrast; the shadows might be too harsh, and this is a perfect sort of image to soften by colorizing the shadows, thus creating a special effect. Figure 7-7: Use Multiply layer blend mode to simulate a cast or drop shadow. Sample background color 7 Photoshop CS4 QuickSteps Using Paint and Layer Blend Modes 159 160 PC QuickSteps Getting to Know Your PC 1 2 34 5 6 78 9 10 1 2 34 5 6 78 9 10 1 2 34 5 6 78 9 10 2. Click the Create A New Layer icon on the Layers panel, and then choose Lighter Color from the blend modes drop-down list. 3. Choose the Brush tool, hold ALT/OPT to toggle to the Eyedropper tool, and then click in the image to sample a dark, but not quite black area. This color, now the foreground color on the Tools panel, will replace (on the new layer) any color in the bottom layer that is darker than this color. Release the ALT/OPT key. 4. Click the Set Foreground color swatch on the Tools panel to display the Color Picker. 5. In the Color Picker, you’re free to drag left or right in the color field, but don’t drag the target circle up or down; that would change the brightness. Also, change the hue by dragging the Hue slider up or down. In Figure 7-8 you can see that a deep brown is chosen to fill in a lot of the shadow areas in the photograph. Click OK to return to the workspace. Figure 7-8: Change the hue and saturation, but not the brightness, of the color you sampled. Change saturation, but not brightness Sample here 7 160 Photoshop CS4 QuickSteps Using Paint and Layer Blend Modes PC QuickSteps Getting to Know Your PC 161 10 9 87 6 54 32 1 6. Choose a brush size and type that scales well to the areas you want to replace; right- click over the document and then choose from the brushes presets—click outside the document window to dismiss the pop-up preset box. 7. Stroke over the areas you want to replace. You’ll see that light image areas don’t change, but only the colors darker than your chosen color are replaced with…the lighter color! Use Color Burn and Linear Burn Modes The Burn tool on the Tools panel (see Chapter 8) is the basis for Color Burn and Linear Burn blend and painting modes—you get a similar effect as using the Burn tool but you have the advantage of using a foreground color to refine the operation. Using Burn painting or layer blend mode: • Color Burn decreases brightness and, depending on the color you use, increases contrast between the blend and the base colors. Using white as the blend color produces no change. If Overlay mode doesn’t produce an increase in contrast and saturation, Color Burn is usually a satisfactory alternative. • Linear Burn decreases brightness like Color Burn, but instead of increasing contrast, it further decreases brightness, producing an effect closer to Multiply mode. Using white in a Linear Burn blend produces no visible change. UICKSTEPS REPLACING LIGHTER COLORS WITH DARKER ONES Suppose you have a photo or a scanned image whose background is almost white, making a somewhat bland composition. You can add colors to the background without altering the foreground element when you use Darker Color mode on a layer. Here’s how: 1. Choose a photo whose foreground subject is overall medium to dark in brightness, while the background is fairly light. 2. Click the Create A New Layer icon on the Layers panel, and then choose Darker Color from the blend modes drop-down list. 3. Click the Brush tool, and then right-click anywhere in the document window to choose an interesting brush from the pop-up panel. The maple leaf is used in this example because the color jitters and the stroke scatters when you use it. See Chapter 11 for the low-down on the Brushes panel. 4. Hold ALT/OPT to toggle to the Eyedropper tool. 5. Click over the lightest area of the foreground subject in the photo. By doing this, you assure yourself that when you paint on the Darker Color mode layer, only areas darker than the lightest foreground color will be colored over. This is an awesome technique for editing without using a selection! Continued . . . 7 Photoshop CS4 QuickSteps Using Paint and Layer Blend Modes 161 [...]... layer’s visual content 10 over time 166 166 Photoshop CS4 QuickSteps to Using PaintPC Layer Blend Modes PC QuickSteps Getting Know Your and If the two colors are exactly the same, the result—your view of the composition—will be black, no difference If the two colors are on exactly opposite sides of the color spectrum, the result will be white 1 2 As shown in Figure 7-1 4, the glass of the blender is blue... pop-up arrow and click the Spectrum preset gradient COLOR BLEND MODE You don’t have to use the Gradient tool to use Hue blend 168 168 Click the Create A New Layer icon on the Layers panel to create a new layer on top of your original photo Photoshop CS4 QuickSteps to Using PaintPC Layer Blend Modes PC QuickSteps Getting Know Your and Color blend mode is perhaps the best all-purpose feature for hand-tinting... instead The effect of these two blend modes is related Figure 7-1 1: Use Hard Light to emphasize and tint a color you need to add to your composition 163 163 10 Photoshop CS4 QuickSteps Using Paint and Layer Blend Modes PC QuickSteps Getting to Know Your PC 1 2 washed out Use the Dodge blend modes with deep saturated colors (such as R:15, G:0, B:1 26, an ultramarine color, good for sky areas) when you want... blend color 164 164 Photoshop CS4 QuickSteps to Using PaintPC Layer Blend Modes PC QuickSteps Getting Know Your and 1 Original Overlay area 4 5 Hard Mix Changes all underlying colors to primary and secondary colors, and includes pure black and white It’s quite useful for posterizing all or only part of an underlying image layer Here you can see the same vintage auto composition, with 60 % gray applied... (or right-click in the document window to choose a preset from the pop-up menu) 7 7 5 Click the Brush tool on the Tools panel and set the size to scale with your photo using 6 Paint away, changing hues from the Color Picker when appropriate You can see the 8 Figure 7-1 6: Choose a duller color than you anticipate to keep the Color blend layer’s output looking natural choice of green in Figure 7-1 6, and... the tones in a photo 5 6 Figure 7-1 7: Use Saturation blend mode to increase or remove saturation 7 7 Use the Paint-Only Blend Modes 8 There are two modes reserved for painting; you won’t find Behind or Clear on the Layers panel’s drop-down list They’re good modes and here’s how to use them Paint with Clear 171 171 10 Photoshop CS4 QuickSteps Using Paint and Layer Blend Modes PC QuickSteps Getting to... is therefore ineffective at Saturation is the presence of hue, so you cannot expect Hue blend mode to add color to areas that lack saturation 167 167 10 Photoshop CS4 QuickSteps Using Paint and Layer Blend Modes PC QuickSteps Getting to Know Your PC 1 2 hand-tinting grayscale images, but you can turn this to your advantage when you have a photo with a combination of saturated and dull image areas 3... looking natural choice of green in Figure 7-1 6, and the result in the document window It’s brighter than one would expect; this is a function of both the brightness on the bottom layer’s pixels and the choice of saturation for the color CORRECT PHOTOS WITH SATURATION 169 169 10 Photoshop CS4 QuickSteps Using Paint and Layer Blend Modes PC QuickSteps Getting to Know Your PC 9 Saturation blend mode produces... 60 % Gray 6 7 7 8 TIP To preview a lot of different Hard Mix possibilities, use a medium gray, and then use the Hue/Saturation (CTRL/ CMD+U) Adjustment, then check Colorize to tint the gray 9 Then, before you click OK, drag the Hue slider to the left and right In the document window, you can preview the variations you can achieve and decide on one before exiting the adjustment 165 165 10 Photoshop CS4 ... replace the current color in the Color Picker with the sampled color Click OK to exit the Color Picker and apply to a document the current 10 9 foreground color you sampled 2 Select the Brush tool 1 76 1 76 Photoshop CS4 QuickSteps to Making Local Adjustments with the Tools Panel PC QuickSteps Getting Know Your PC 1 3 In the Options bar, click the down arrow to the right of the current brush tip to reveal . saturation. 7 Photoshop CS4 QuickSteps Using Paint and Layer Blend Modes 167 168 PC QuickSteps Getting to Know Your PC 1 2 34 5 6 78 9 10 1 2 34 5 6 78 9 10 1 2 34 5 6 78 9 10 hand-tinting grayscale. modes is related. 7 Photoshop CS4 QuickSteps Using Paint and Layer Blend Modes 163 164 PC QuickSteps Getting to Know Your PC 1 2 34 5 6 78 9 10 1 2 34 5 6 78 9 10 1 2 34 5 6 78 9 10 washed out content over time. 7 166 Photoshop CS4 QuickSteps Using Paint and Layer Blend Modes PC QuickSteps Getting to Know Your PC 167 10 9 87 6 54 32 1 As shown in Figure 7-1 4, the glass of the blender