Phân biệt nghĩa của từ 4 ppt

forego/forgo FOREGO/FORGO The E in “forego” tells you it has to do with going before. It occurs mainly in the expression “foregone conclusion,” a conclusion arrived at in advance. “Forgo” means to abstain from or do without. “After finishing his steak, he decided to forgo the blueberry cheesecake.” List of errors file:///C|/Temp/livres/commonerrors/errors/forego.html03/09/2005 15:38:04 forsee FORSEE FORESEE This word means “to see into the future.” There are lots of words with the prefix “fore-” which are future-oriented, including “foresight,” “foretell,” “forethought,” and “foreword,” all of which are often misspelled by people who omit the E. Just remember: what golfers shout when they are warning people ahead of them about the shot they are about to make is “fore!” List of errors file:///C|/Temp/livres/commonerrors/errors/forsee.html03/09/2005 15:38:05 formally/formerly FORMALLY/FORMERLY These two are often mixed up in speech. If you are doing something in a formal manner, you are behaving formally; but if you previously behaved differently, you did so formerly. List of errors file:///C|/Temp/livres/commonerrors/errors/formally.html03/09/2005 15:38:05 forward/forwards FORWARD/FORWARDS/FOREWORD Although some style books prefer “forward” and “toward” to “forwards” and “towards,” none of these forms is really incorrect, though the forms without the final S are perhaps a smidgen more formal. The spelling “foreword” applies exclusively to the introductory matter in a book. List of errors file:///C|/Temp/livres/commonerrors/errors/forward.html03/09/2005 15:38:05 fortuitous/fortunate FORTUITOUS/FORTUNATE “Fortuitous” events happen by chance; they need not be fortunate events, only random ones: “It was purely fortuitous that the meter reader came along five minutes before I returned to my car.” Although fortunate events may be fortuitous, when you mean “lucky,” use “fortunate." List of errors file:///C|/Temp/livres/commonerrors/errors/fortuitous.html03/09/2005 15:38:05 foul/fowl FOUL/FOWL A chicken is a fowl. A poke in the eye is a foul. List of errors file:///C|/Temp/livres/commonerrors/errors/foul.html03/09/2005 15:38:06 Frankenstein FRANKENSTEIN "Frankenstein" is the name of the scientist who creates the monster in Mary Shelley's novel. The monster itself has no name, but is referred to popularly as "Frankenstein's monster." List of errors file:///C|/Temp/livres/commonerrors/errors/frankenstein.html03/09/2005 15:38:06 frankly FRANKLY Sentences beginning with this word are properly admissions of something shocking or unflattering to the speaker; but when a public spokesperson for a business or government is speaking, it almost always precedes a self-serving statement. “Frankly, my dear, I don’t give a damn” is correct; but “Frankly, I think the American people can make their own decisions about health care” is an abuse of language. The same contortion of meaning is common in related phrases. When you hear a public figure say, “to be completely honest with you,” expect a lie. List of errors file:///C|/Temp/livres/commonerrors/errors/frankly.html03/09/2005 15:38:06 french dip with au jus FRENCH DIP WITH AU JUS FRENCH DIP This diner classic consists of sliced roast beef on a more or less firm bun, with a side dish of broth in which to dip it. “Au jus” means “with broth” so adding “with” to “au jus” is redundant. In fancier restaurants, items are listed entirely in French with the English translation underneath: Tête de cochon avec ses tripes farcies Pig’ s head stuffed with tripe Mixing the languages is hazardous if you don’t know what the original means. “With au jus broth” is also seen from time to time. People generally know what a French dip sandwich is, and they’ll see the broth when it comes. Why not just call it a “French dip?” List of errors file:///C|/Temp/livres/commonerrors/errors/french.html03/09/2005 15:38:06 from . . . to FROM . . . TO “From soup to nuts” makes sense because soup was the traditional first course in a formal meal, nuts the last. Similarly “from A to Z” makes sense because these are the first and last letters of the alphabet. But this construction which identifies the extremes of a spectrum or range is often improperly used when no such extremes are being identified, as in “She tried everything from penicillin to sulfa drugs.” These are not extremes, just examples of different sorts of drugs. Even worse is “he gave his daughter everything from a bicycle to lawn darts to a teddy bear.” A range can’t have more than two extremes. “He gave his daughter everything from paper dolls to a Cadillac” conveys the notion of a spectrum from very cheap to very expensive, and is fine. Often when people are tempted to use “from . . . to” they would be better off using a different expression, as, for example, in this sentence: “She tried all sorts of medicines, including penicillin and sulfa drugs.” List of errors file:///C|/Temp/livres/commonerrors/errors/from.html03/09/2005 15:38:07 . cheesecake.” List of errors file:///C|/Temp/livres/commonerrors/errors/forego.html03/09/2005 15:38: 04 forsee FORSEE FORESEE This word means “to see into the future.” There are lots of words with the