Handbook of Japanese Mythology phần 9 ppt

Munro, Neil Gordon. 1962. Ainu Creed and Cult. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. Reprint, London: Kegan Paul International, 1995. Another description of Ainu mythology and religion. Partly based on first- hand research, partly on earlier writings. Nakamura, Kyoko Motomuchi. 1997. Miraculous Stories from the Japanese Buddhist Tradition: The Nihon Ryoki of the Monk Kyokai. New ed. Rich- mond, VA: Curzon Press. Text at http://campross.crosswinds.net/books. Mythical stories about wondrous events, miracles inspired by the bod- dhisattvas, and good and bad deeds repaid. This straddles the divide between the Great Tradition and the Little Traditions and, in effect, is an example of the Great Tradition co-opting Little Tradition stories for its own ends. Ohnuki-Tierney, Emiko. 1969. Sakhalin Ainu Folklore. Anthropological Stud- ies, 2. Washington, DC: American Anthropological Association. A detailed description, no longer in print, of the Ainu of what is now Russ- ian Sakhalin. Ono, Sokyo. 1962. Shintπ: The Kami Way. Rutland, VT: Charles E. Tuttle Co. A description by a Shintπ priest and professor of the antecedents and nature of Shintπ. Heavily biased toward the Great Tradition view of things. Philippi, Donald, trans. and ed. 1968. Kπjiki. Tokyo: Tokyo University Press. An excellent annotated translation of one of the major myth cycles of Japan. The book is a detailed translation, with extensive notes and a comprehen- sive index. Lengthy discussion of the place of the Kπjiki in Japanese litera- ture and history. Philippi, Donald L., trans. 1979. Songs of Gods, Songs of Humans: The Epic Tra- dition of the Ainu. Princeton: Princeton University Press. An annotated and footnoted recording, partly in verse, of major Ainu yukar. The range of yukar includes both those dealing with the gods and those deal- ing with humans and their relationship to their environment. Sansom, Sir George. 1976. Japan: A Short Cultural History. Tokyo: Charles E. Tuttle Co. A detailed description and analysis of the effects of Japanese historical processes on the development and changes in Japanese culture. An excellent background book by an eminent historian and specialist of things Japanese. Statler, Oliver. 1984. Japanese Pilgrimage. London: Picador. An easy and fascinating read that includes the highlights of Kπbπ Daishi’s life and miracles and his eighty-eight-station pilgrimage route in Shikoku. Handbook of Japanese Mythology 302 The descriptions are unparalleled, and the author weaves the story of his own pilgrimage into the historical and geographical background. Takeda, Izumo, Miyoshi Shoraku, and Namiki Senryu. 1971. Chushingura, the Treasury of Loyal Retainers: A Puppet Play. Translated by Donald Keene. New York: Columbia University Press. A detailed translation of the Ch∆shingura, which depicts one of the major myths of Japanese mythology, a myth that has shaped much of how the Japanese see themselves. The concepts might be alien, but the translator has provided a series of notes to ease recognition. Tyler, Royall. 1987. Japanese Tales. New York: Pantheon. A collection of over two hundred translated tales and stories from Shintπ and Buddhism, from both Great and Little Traditions. Many of the tales appear in other forms elsewhere, but this collection provides a sampling of almost every genre and period. Wehmeyer, Ann, trans. 1997. Kojiki-den [Motoori Norinaga], Book 1. East Asia Series, no. 87. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. A difficult-to-read, detailed exposition of Motoori’s thinking and interpreta- tion of the Kπjiki. Some of what he writes may sound strange to modern ears. Worth dipping into if only to see the foundations of modern Japanese nationalistic thought. Yanagita, Kunio. 1954. Japanese Folk Tales. Translated by Fanny Hagin Mayer; illustrated by Kiichi Okamoto. Tokyo: Tokyo News Service. An easy-to-read collection of tales collected by Yanagita, the father of Japan- ese folklore studies. Most of these illustrate themes of the Little Tradition in Japan. VIDEOS Ch∆shingura. 1962. TohoScope, directed by Hiroshi Inagaki. The story of the forty-seven rπnin. Lengthy three-hour drama of revenge cli- maxing with the raid of Lord Kira’s mansion and its aftermath. Kwaidan—Kaidan (Ghost Story). 1964. TohoScope, directed by Masaki Kobayashi. A collection of Japanese ghost stories originally assembled by Englishman Lafcadio Hearn. Includes the myth of the yuki-onna. Annotated Print and Nonprint Resources 303 Those Who Tread on the Tiger’s Tail [Tora no o fumu otokotachi]. 1945. Acad- emy Ratio. Directed by Akira Kurosawa. The tale of Yoshitsune at the Ataka barrier. Based on the Kabuki play Kanjinchπ. WEBSITES Web pages can be a useful source of information regarding Japanese mythology. However, because there is no quality control on the Web, you should be aware that some information may be misleading or incomplete. Some sites seem to have uncritically accepted data, and as a consequence, information may be dubi- ous. Moreover, because the Web is fluid and always incomplete, new sites will appear and old ones disappear even in the period between writing and publica- tion. Also to be considered is that many of the relevant sites are in Japanese—an obvious barrier for scholars lacking Japanese language skills. Samples of four types of relevant sites are reviewed here. Sites dealing specifically with mythology include some useful universal glossaries. In the Japanese case, these must be used carefully. For example, Encyclopedia Mythica (http://www.pantheon.org) uses the term “God of ___” freely, which is more than misleading in the Japanese context. Sites about Japanese religion may have brief notations of mythological stories or narratives, or other relevant data. Many of these are in Japanese. The third type are sites that contain bibliograph- ical information and even partial fragments of texts, in translation or the origi- nal Japanese. Finally, not dedicated to mythology, some sites have illustrations of Japanese artworks that depict figures from mythology. General Japan Japan Glossary http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/GLOSSARY/JAPGLOSS.HTM Useful glossary of Japanese concepts, including some in the area of myth. Japan Guide.com http://www.japan-guide.com/e/ A general guide to Japan, including a lengthy annotated section on Japanese religions and deities. The text, in English, is well annotated with hyperlinks, making it a comprehensive and useful site for those with little knowledge of Japan. Handbook of Japanese Mythology 304 Nihongo.org http://www.nihongo.org/english/ A site dedicated to Japanese culture, serving mainly as a gateway. Useful starting point for exploring Japanese culture and language through a multi- tude of links. PMJS (premodern Japanese studies) http://www.meijigakuin.ac.jp/~pmjs/trans/ A site cataloging translations of Japanese premodern texts including stories, plays, poetry, and, of course, myths. Some of the entries include gateways to either translated texts or the original Japanese texts. Essential for anyone seriously interested in studying traditional Japanese culture. Buddhism Japanese Buddhist Corner http://www.onmarkproductions.com/html/buddhism.shtml Excellent, well-illustrated, and linked site on the various aspects of Japanese Buddhism. In addition to a judicious and clear description of all mythologi- cal aspects of Japanese Buddhist deities, there is a wealth of photographs of tengu masks, deities statues, paintings, and other graphical elements. Clearly a labor of love and possibly the single best website devoted to Japan. Mibu-dera temple http://www.yamanakart.com/egg-p/mibu/index.html Excellent web page of this famous temple. Pages include pictures of statu- ary and religious painting and, most important, brief synopses of Nπh plays performed at the temple. Those with mythical connections include Funa Benkei (Benkei’s boat), the fox spirit Tamamo-no-mae, Raikπ, and the spider. Sacred Books: Buddhism http://www.sacred-texts.com/bud/index.htm Excerpts and full texts of a number of central Buddhist texts including the Lotus Sutra, and an introduction to Zen Buddhism by Daisetz Suzuki. Shinto¯ Cyber Shrine http://www.kiku.com/electric_samurai/cyber_shrine/ Annotated Print and Nonprint Resources 305 Photographs of Shintπ shrines, some of which (e.g., Shiragi, Izumo Taisha) are mentioned in the myths recounted in this volume. Institute for Japanese Culture and Classics, Kokugakuin University http://www.kokugakuin.ac.jp/ijcc/wp/ Japanese university website in English dedicated to various aspects of Shintπ. Academic papers online, as well as the most comprehensive anno- tated and hypermarked glossary on Shintπ anywhere on the web. Extremely useful for any scholarly activity. Itsukushima Shrine http://www.hiroshima-cdas.or.jp/miyajima/english/jinja/noshock.htm A site dedicated to the shrine of Benzaiten at Itsukushima. This “floating shrine” is considered one of the three most beautiful sites in Japan and is a world heritage site. Includes a detailed description and history. Sacred Texts: Shintπ http://www.sacred-texts.com/shi/ Excerpts from a number of Shintπ texts, including: • Excerpts from the Chamberlain 1882 translation of the Kπjiki; names of deities are translated, sometimes with peculiar results • Excerpts from the Aston translation of the Nihongi • The Engishiki • Lafcadio Hearn’s retelling of Japanese legends and ghost tales • The Book of Tea Though some of the translations are old and out of date, they nonetheless provide an opportunity to study the original texts. Shintπ Online Network Association http://www.jinja.or.jp/english/index.html A site dedicated to publicizing Shintπ shrines. Excellent photographs accompanied by text explaining many aspects of Shintπ, including some myths. Mythology in Art and History Ancient Izumo Culture http://inoues.net/yamataikoku/study/bunkaten.html Japanese language site. Plentiful pictures and text try to recreate the life of the Izumo people. Photos of models of Izumo buildings, based largely on Handbook of Japanese Mythology 306 recent archaeological findings, are included (though the estimate of a ninety- six-meters-tall shrine need not be taken seriously), as well as those of the actual bronze swords and bells found in recent archaeological excavations. Japanese Gods and Goddesses http://www.artelino.com/articles/japanese_gods_and_goddesses.asp http://www.artelino.com/articles/japanese_mythology.asp Brief depiction of some of the mythological characters. Accompanied by photographs of depictions of those mentioned in painting and sculpture. Koma-inu Library http://www.komainu.pos.to/ The website of the All-Japan Koma-inu Library. A wonderful site (in Japan- ese) with photographs of koma-inu from all over the country. Hypermarked map shows localities of temples and shrines with koma-inu. Orihime, Kengyuu, and Tanabata: Adapting Chinese Lore to Native Beliefs and Purposes http://www2.gol.com/users/stever/ Paper describing the Tanabata myth and its astronomical correlates. Includes a page of photographs from the Tanabata celebration. Shintπ and Japanese Mythology http://www.geocities.com/blackthornraven/ Superficial but well-illustrated site including brief descriptions of some myths. Tengu: The Legendary Mountain Goblins of Japan http://www.seinenkai.com/articles/tengu.html Brief description of the tengu∆ in art. Includes a number of pictures of depic- tions of ∆tengu and a brief essay on teng∆ in history and art. Myths and Glossaries Encyclopedia Mythica: Japanese Mythology http://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/asia/japanese/articles.html Part of a comprehensive online mythological glossary that lists most Japan- ese mythological figures. Brief explanatory descriptions are given of each entry. Unfortunately, little attention has been paid to ensuring accuracy or to dealing with the differences in conception between Japanese and Western concepts, such as the kami/god distinction. Annotated Print and Nonprint Resources 307 Ghosts, Demons, and Spirits in Japanese Lore http://www.asianart.com/articles/rubin/ A brief paper discussing various supernatural beings in Japanese mythology. Some picture files. Good as a generalized introduction to the subject of supernatural beings in Japan. Japanese Myth http://www.st.rim.or.jp/~cycle/myrefe.html A Japanese site in English. It includes an illustrated and hyperlinked geneal- ogy of the principle Shintπ kami, as well as a portal to a number of myths, including Susano-wo and Kπnπhanasakuya-hime. Japanese Mythology http://www.windows.ucar.edu/mythology/japan.html Page with four Japanese myths from a site relating astronomical bodies and human myths regarding them. Japanese Mythology http://www.interq.or.jp/www-user/fuushi/e-myth-a.htm Several myths retold from the Kπjiki (e.g., rabbit of Inaba). Somewhat eccen- tric in retelling, because the Japanese author has a somewhat shaky com- mand of English. The Kami of Shintπ http://zen.quasisemi.com/myth/home.htm Idiosyncratic website by a game-player. Includes a lengthy glossary of Japan- ese mythological terms. However, the spelling is erratic, and the content is largely derivative. Myth—Japan http://ancienthistory.about.com/library/bl/bl_myth_asia_fareast_japan.htm From the History Net. Gateway to several mythical stories and sites. Includes a retelling of the Izanami and Izanagi myth and a brief genealogy of the principle kami. Myths and Legends in Miyazaki http://www.harapan.co.jp/english/miya_e/myth/myth_index.htm Myths of Miyazaki prefecture in Japan, one of the putative sites of Himuka, where Ninigi-no-mikoto came to earth. Somewhat eccentric translation and editing of myths from the Kπjiki relating to Miyazaki prefecture. Out of the Cave and into the Light http://www.lyricalworks.com/stories/amaterasu/amaterasu.htm Handbook of Japanese Mythology 308 A retelling of the Amaterasu foundation myth in folktale form. Includes pages on exegesis and meaning of the myth and similar myths from other cultures. Annotated Print and Nonprint Resources 309 [...]... Allan 198 2 “Flying Mountains and Walkers of Emptiness: Toward a Definition of Sacred Space in Japanese Religion.” History of Religions 20: 195 –221 — — 199 1 “Visions of Excess and Excesses of Visions: Women and Transgres— sion in Japanese Myth.” Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 18 (1): 3–22 — — 199 2 The Protocol of the Gods: A Study of the Kasuga Cult in Japanese — History Berkeley: University of California... ten 199 9 Japanese Mandalas: Representations of Sacred Geography Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press Guthrie, Steward 198 0 “A Cognitive Theory of Religion.” Current Anthropology 21 (2): 181–204 Hakeda, Yoshito S 197 2 Kukai New York: Columbia University Press 321 322 Handbook of Japanese Mythology Hardacre, Helen 198 9 Shinto and the State: 1868– 198 8 Princeton: Princeton University Press — — 199 4 “Conflicts... Smyers, Karen 199 9 The Fox and the Jewel Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press Statler, Oliver 198 4 Japanese Pilgrimage London: Picador Stefansson, Halldor 198 5 “Earth Gods in Morimachi.” Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 12 (4): 277– 298 Stone, George Cameron 196 1 A Glossary of the Construction, Decoration, and Use of Arms and Armor New York: Jack Brussel Stone, Jacqueline Ilyse 199 9 Studies in East... members of the family yo Japanese pronunciation of the Sanskrit hum See hum 317 APPENDIX: PRIMARY SOURCES ENGLISH-LANGUAGE PUBLICATIONS Ainu Mukei Bunka Densho Hozonkai 198 3 Hitobito no Monogatari [Fables of men] Sapporo: Ainu Mukei Bunka Densho Hozonkai Akima, Toshio 199 3 “The Myth of the Goddess of the Undersea World and the Tale of the Empress Jing∆’s Subjugation of Silla.” Japanese Journal of Religious... (2–3): 95 –185 Anesaki, Masaharu 192 8 Japanese Mythology Mythology of All Races, vol 8 Boston: Marshall Jones Co Aoki, Michiko Yamaguchi 197 4 Ancient Myths and Early History of Japan: A Cultural Foundation New York: Exposition Press Aoki, Michiko Yamaguchi, trans and intro 197 1 Izumo Fudoki Monumenta Nipponica Monographs Tokyo: Sophia University Press Ashkenazi, Michael 199 3 Matsuri: The Festivals of a Japanese. .. Kobayashi, Sakae 199 2 Religious Ideas of the Japanese Under the Influence of Asian Mythology Nishinomiya, Japan: Kansei Gakuin University Kodama, Sakuzaemon 197 0 Ainu: Historical and Anthropological Studies Sapporo: Hokkaido University School of Medicine Komatsu, Chikπ 198 9 The Way to Peace: The Life and Teachings of the Buddha Kyoto: Hπzπkan Publishing Co Kπnoshi, Takamitsu 198 4 “The Land of Yπmi: On the... Edgcumbe 195 9 Japanese Buddhism London: Routledge and Kegan Paul Etter, Carl 194 9 Ainu Folklore: Traditions and Culture of the Vanishing Aborigines of Japan Chicago: Wilcox and Follett Co Frank, Bernard 199 1 Le pantheon bouddhique au Japon Collections d’Emile Guimet Paris: Reunion des musees nationaux Getty, Alice 198 8 The Gods of Northern Buddhism New York: Dover Publications Glassman, Hank 199 8 “Chujo-hime,... Kodansha Namahira, Emiko 197 7 “An Analysis of ‘Hare’ and ‘Kegare’ in Japanese Rites of Passage.” Minzokugakku Kenkyu 40: 350–368 Ono, Susumu 199 7 Kami Tokyo: Sanseidπ Origuchi, Shinobu 195 4– 195 9 Origuchi Shinobu zensh∆ [Origuchi Shinobu: the complete works] 32 vols Tokyo: Chuo Kπronsha ∏shima, Tatehiko 199 0 Daikoku shinkπ [Daikoku beliefs] Tokyo: Y∆zankaku Shuppan Sano, Kenji, ed 199 1 Kokuzo shinko [Kokuzπ... hotoke, 168, 1 69 and Ida-ten, 1 69 and kang, 193 and Kishimπjin, 200 and Ni-π, 223 and renge, 238 and Sanbπ-Kπjin, 244 and Ugajin, 278 Buddha of the Center, 47 Buddha of the East, 47, 286 Buddha of the future, 52 Buddha of the Pure Land, 115 Buddha of the South, 297 Buddha of the West, 47, 49, 286 Buddha of wisdom, 52 Buddhahood, 101 Buddhas, 39, 47– 49, 49 50, 215 See also individual buddhas Buddha’s... Indiana University Press — — 198 6 The Yanagita Kunio Guide to the Japanese Folk Tale Bloomington: — Indiana University Press 323 324 Handbook of Japanese Mythology McCullough, Helen Craig, trans 195 9 The Taiheiki New York: Columbia University Press — — 196 6 Yoshitsune: A Fifteenth-Century Japanese Chronicle [Gikeiki] — Stanford: Stanford University Press — — 198 8 The Tale of the Heike Stanford: Stanford . of Sacred Space in Japanese Religion.” History of Religions 20: 195 –221. ———. 199 1. “Visions of Excess and Excesses of Visions: Women and Transgres- sion in Japanese Myth.” Japanese Journal of. of the Empress Jing∆’s Subjugation of Silla.” Japanese Journal of Reli- gious Studies 20 (2–3): 95 –185. Anesaki, Masaharu. 192 8. Japanese Mythology. Mythology of All Races, vol. 8. Boston: Marshall. (2): 1 79 200. Handbook of Japanese Mythology 320 ———. 198 6. The Konjaku Tales: Indian Section (Tenjiku-Hen), Part 1/Part 2 from a Medieval Japanese Collection. Osaka: Kansai University of Foreign Studies. Earhart,