Handbook Of Shaft Alignment Episode 3 Part 8 pps

Piotrowski / Shaft Alignment Handbook, Third Edition DK4322_A001 Final Proof page 780 29.9.2006 7:46pm Appendix J Alignment Internet Web Sites Company or Organization Web Site Accushim Inc. http:==www.accushim.com=v180.html Alignment Services Inc. http:==www.alignmentservicesinc.com= Alignment Supplies Inc. http:==www.alignmentsupplies.com= Automated Precision http:==www.apisensor.com= Brunson Instrument Co. http:==www.brunson.us= Aline Mfg. Inc. http:==alinemfg.com= Damalini http:==www.damalini.com= Donaldson Garrett & Associates Inc. http:==www.dg-a.com= Dreyco Mechanical Services Inc. http:==www.dreyco-mechanical.com=index.asp Fixturlaser http:==www.fixturlaser.com= James L. Griffin Co. Inc. http:==www.jlgriffin.com= Hamar Laser http:==www.hamarlaser.com= Indikon Co. Inc. http:==www.indikon.com= Kara Co. http:==www.karaco.com= Laser Tools Co. Inc. http:==www.lasertoolsco.com= Ludeca http:==www.ludeca.com= Newman Tools Inc. http:==www.newmantools.com=shaft.htm New Standard Institute http:==www.newstandardinstitute.com=index.cfm Oasis Alignment Services http:==www.oasisalignment.com= Oxford Engineering Co. http: ==www.oxfordengineeringco.com= Peterson Alignment Tools co. http:==www.petersontools.com= Pinpoint Laser Systems http:==www.pinlaser.com= Pruftechnik http:==www.pruftechnik.com=index__.htm R&T Factors Inc. http:==rtfactors.com= Schaeffer Precision Alignment Inc. http:==www.schaefferprecision.com= SPM Instrument http:==www.spminstrument.com= Turbine Tools http:==www.turbinetools.com= Turvac Inc. http:==www.turvac.com= Unisorb http:==www.unisorb.com= Universal Technologies Inc. http:==www.unitechinc.com= Update International http:==www.update-intl.com= Vibralign http:==www.vibralign.com= Piotrowski / Shaft Alignment Handbook, Third Edition DK4322_A001 Final Proof page 781 29.9.2006 7:46pm 781 Piotrowski / Shaft Alignment Handbook, Third Edition DK4322_A001 Final Proof page 782 29.9.2006 7:46pm Appendix K Single Plane Balancing Single plane balancing procedure Induction motor Synchronous motor DC motor Steam turbine Gas turbine Water turbine Diesel Centrifuge Other To operate this window . . . Compressor ANSI/API pump Centrifugal pump Fan/blower Cooling tower fan Gear Roll Flywheel Generator OK American Electric Co. PH 125 S-44678 4250 Balanced by . . . Name Enter all the information on the machine being balanced, then press ‘OK’. Machine Information Gather some information on the type of machine your are going to be balancing as shown below. If you ever need to balance this machine again, you can go back and review all of this information to reduce the amount of time required for re-balancing. 1. Record the information on the balance analyzer, type of vibration sensor used, vibration engineering units, and phase angle measuring device used. This is critical information for future balance runs. 2. Piotrowski / Shaft Alignment Handbook, Third Edition DK4322_A001 Final Proof page 783 29.9.2006 7:46pm 783 Single plane applications Select the closest rotor configuration for the sunchronous mortor you're trying to balance. Centered thin rotor To operate this window . . . Centered multi-disk Overhung wide rotor Overhung thin rotor Long thin rotor Centered wide rotor OK Rigid rotor types Usually, single plane balancing can be performed on the types of rotors shown inside the dashed box below. The other rotor types shown below could be single plane balanced but usually require two plane balancing. 3. Single plane balancing procedure Record the information on the placement/location of the vibration sensor and the phase angle measuring device. This is critical information for future balance runs. 4. Enter the vibration & 1/rev sensor postions, the viewing direction, and the direction of rotation. Piotrowski / Shaft Alignment Handbook, Third Edition DK4322_A001 Final Proof page 784 29.9.2006 7:46pm 784 Shaft Alignment Handbook, Third Edition . Gather some information on the rotor weight, the normal operating speed of the rotor, and where you are going to be installing the trial and/or correction weights. This is critical information for calculating the right amount of trial weight so you get a good response without damaging the machine trying to balance it. 5. Enter the date to determine the optimum trial weight. Single plane balancing procedure . “Original” unbalanced run vibration amplitude and phase angle data Operate the rotor at the balancing speed, and with your analyzer filter tuned to the rotating speed of the rotor (i.e., 1 x RPM). Proceed to measure and record the original unbalance amplitude and phase data. This will be called the “Original” or “O” vector. 6. Piotrowski / Shaft Alignment Handbook, Third Edition DK4322_A001 Final Proof page 785 29.9.2006 7:46pm Appendix K 785 Stop the r otor and add a trial weight to the part. The trial weight should produce a force equal to 10% of the static weight of the rotor on one bearing. Record the amount of the trial weight (in ounces or grams) and the distance from the centerline of rotation (in inches or centimeters). Insure that the trial weight is firmly attached to the rotor. where: Trial weight = ounces in English system or grams in metric system F = 10% of the static rotor weight (pounds in English system or kilograms in Metric system) R = radius of the trial weight from the centerline of rotation (inches in English system or centimeters in Metric system) N = rotor speed/1000 (RPM/1000) K = 1.77 (English system) or 0.011 (Metric system) Trial weight = K x R x N 2 F Weight Amount Angular Location 4 90 oz. degrees 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 + TW “Trial Weight” Installation ? Suggested Trial Weight Amount = 2.57 oz. OK Stop the machine and install a trial weight on the rotor. Enter the trial weight amount and angular location. To operate this window . . . 7. Single plane balancing procedure Piotrowski / Shaft Alignment Handbook, Third Edition DK4322_A001 Final Proof page 786 29.9.2006 7:46pm 786 Shaft Alignment Handbook, Third Edition Restart the machine and operate the rotor at the balancing speed. Observe and record the new unbalance amplitude and phase data. This will be called the “original plus trial weight” vector (O+T). “Trial Weight” run vibration amplitude and phase angle data Amplitude Phase Angle 0.8 30 in/sec degrees 0 30 60 tach 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 + vibs TW OK To operate this window . . . Re-start the machine with the trial weight on the rotor. Enter the vibration amplitude and phase angle data. 8. Single plane balancing procedure Piotrowski / Shaft Alignment Handbook, Third Edition DK4322_A001 Final Proof page 787 29.9.2006 7:46pm Appendix K 787 On a sheet of polar graph paper, plot the “original run vector” (called the “O” vector, the “original plus trial weight vector” (called the “O+T” vector). Construct the “trial weight effect” vector (aka the “T” vector) by connecting the ends of the “original” and “trial weight” vectors. The “T” vector should point from the “O” vector to the “O+T” vector. 9. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 *Notice that the angular shift from the “O” vector to the “O+T” vector was a counterclockwise shift.Therefore, the correction weight should be placed ina clockwise direction from its trial weight position (57 + 90 = 147). “T” vector 0.59 ips at 57Њ 57 o “O+T” vector 0.8 ips at 30Њ “O” vector 0.5 ips at 120Њ Single plane balancing procedure Piotrowski / Shaft Alignment Handbook, Third Edition DK4322_A001 Final Proof page 788 29.9.2006 7:46pm 788 Shaft Alignment Handbook, Third Edition Using a protractor, measure the included angle between the “O” and “T” vectors. This will be called the “correction” angle . Mark the spot where the trial weight is located and remove the trial weight. Install the correction weight at an angular amount equal to the “correction” angle from the point where the trial weight was located but in a direction opposite of the phase shift from the “O” vector to the “O+T” vector. Make sure the correction weight is installed at the same radius from the centerline of rotation as the trial weight. 14. In the future, if you place the vibration and phase angle sensors in the same place, all you need do is measure and record the amplitude and phase angle data, plot it on a new piece of graph paper as the “O+T” vector along with the “O” vecor, draw a new “T” vector, plug it into the correction weight formula above and you have the new correction weight y ou need. Good luck and g reat balancin g ! Correction weight = trial weight × “original” vector amplitude “trial weight effect” vector amplitude Weight Amount Angular Location 2.1 oz. 147 degrees 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 + CW The trial weight must be removed and the above weight should be added at the angular location shown. “Correction Weight” Information Measure the length of the “trial weight effect” vector and use the formula to determine the correct balance weight needed 10. 11. 12. Run the rotor again and record the vibration and phase angle data. If everything went OK, the rotor should now be balanced. If additional “trim balancing” is required,use this latest amplitude and phase data as a new “O+T” vector and plot it on a new polar graph paper along with the original “O” vector. Draw a new “T” vector and re-calculate the new correction weight. Repeat as often as necessary. 13. Single plane balancing procedure Piotrowski / Shaft Alignment Handbook, Third Edition DK4322_A001 Final Proof page 789 29.9.2006 7:46pm Appendix K 789 [...]... 2 23 225 mils=inch 34 6 misalignment moderate 3, 21, 32 , 48, 1 93, 225, 252–2 53, 31 4, 38 9, 677, 674, 670, 6 78, 701 responsibility 23 25 severe 3 6, 20, 55, 131 – 132 , 137 – 1 38 , 1 93, 225, 252–2 53, 31 4, 33 8, 38 9, 669, 679, 686 slight 3, 5, 48, 55, 1 83 , 32 1, 34 1, 37 7 37 8, 5 68, 600 misalignment tolerance calculating the 452–454 Misalignment Tolerance Guide 1 38 , 34 6 34 7 modeling the Double Radial Method 39 3 modeling... semiconductors 2 38 severe misalignment 3, 20, 132 , 1 93, 252, 38 9 shafts elastic bending of 5, 52, 252, 35 1, 38 9 shafts elastically bend due to the misalignment condition 406 shaft alignment measuring tools 219– 287 , 31 6, 31 9 shaft alignment measurement system 2 38 , 31 3, 31 4, 34 3, 412, 416, 4 73 shaft alignment patents 176, 405 shaft bending 1, 2 53 shaft expansion 625 shaft fretting 164, 1 68 shaft hunting 6 68 shaft. .. in 0 .81 1 in 17. 83 2 in 17 .84 0 in Pump 17 .84 0 in Pad H 0 .81 1 in Steam turbine 17 .80 7 in 17 .80 8 in 17.7 93 in North No 15 BFW Baseplate after grouting Pad A 17 .82 7 in Pad B Pad C Pad E 0 .82 1 in 0 .8 23 in 0 .85 0 in 0 .85 7 in 17. 83 9 in 17 .80 5 in 17.799 in 0 .81 7 in 0 .82 7 in 0 .85 1 in 0 .85 9 in 17. 83 1 in 17 .84 4 in 17 .81 4 in 17 .80 8 in Pad D 17 .85 9 in Pad F Pad G 0 .82 5 in 0 .85 7 in 0 .82 6 in 0 .8 23 in 0 .82 4 in 0 .85 6... bearings 43, 46, 71, 80 , 1 83 , 188 , 296, 6 68, 672 sliding type radial and thrust bearings 296 slight misalignment 3, 5 slump test 104 snap gage 165, 191, 37 4, 37 7 37 8 soft foot 2, 8 9, 14 –19, 24, 29, 32 33 , 1 28 129, 2 08, 215, 221, 30 1, 31 3, 33 3 33 5, 34 2, 415–416, 419, 424, 597, 670–671, 6 73 674, 677, 686 , 697, 701, 705, 720–721 correction shims 206, 211, 2 13, 216 introducing one during alignment 202, 2 18 in... DK 432 2_Plates Final Proof page 2 6.10.2006 5 :37 pm No 15 BFW baseplate before grouting Pad A 17. 787 in Pad C Pad B Pad E 0 .80 2 in 0 .80 0 in 0 .80 2 in 0 .80 9 in 17.799 in 17 .80 0 in 17.797 in 0 .80 6 in 0 .80 1 in 0 .80 2 in 0 .81 0 in 17. 788 in 17 .80 0 in 17 .81 2 in 17 .8 03 in Pad D 17. 83 3 in Pad F Pad G 0 .80 0 in 0.799 in 0 .80 6 in 17.796 in 0 .81 1 in 0 .8 03 in 0 .80 2 in 0 .80 7 in 17 .84 0 in Pad H 0 .81 1 in Top view 17. 83 2 ... Piotrowski / Shaft Alignment Handbook, Third Edition DK 432 2_Plates Final Proof page 3 6.10.2006 5 :37 pm No 15 BFW Baseplate before grouting Pad A 17. 787 in Pad B Pad C Pad E 0 .80 2 in 0 .80 0 in 0 .80 2 in 0 .80 9 in 17.799 in 17 .80 0 in 17.797 in 0 .80 6 in 0 .80 1 in 0 .80 2 in 0 .81 0 in 17 .80 0 in 17 .81 2 in 17 .8 03 in 17. 788 in Pad D 17. 83 3 in Pad F Pad G 0 .80 0 in 0 .8 03 in 0 .80 6 in 0 .80 7 in 0.799 in 0 .80 2 in Top view... tolerances of 137 – 1 38 types of 75, 78 windage 5 18 coupling alignment 34 8 coupling bolts 31 4 coupling hub contact pressure 1 73 slippage 172–1 73 coupling hub surface contact 171–172 coupling lockup 297 coupling tolerances 1 38 , 34 8 34 9 crankshaft 6 73 774 cubit 735 curved axis of rotation 35 0 custom shims 30 0 cutlass bearings 188 cutting shims 30 0 cylinder alignment 627– 631 D Damalini Systems 416–4 18 damping 39 –... 5 13, 622, 624, 629– 632 , 6 38 optical parallax 229, 502 optical scale target 114, 1 18, 124, 2 28 229, 232 , 500, 505, 507, 512–514, 644, 660 optical tooling level 227, 499, 504 overlay line 31 9, 32 5, 33 3 33 9, 35 4, 38 3, 4 48, 4 53, 457, 464, 530 – 532 , 5 48, 554, 567, 577–5 78, 697, 699, 704 –705 P packing gland 190, 691 paper machine 34 2 parallel alignment 639 partial arc mathematics 225 partial rotation of shafts... 161–162, 195–197, 679– 680 , 686 overriding 249–251 types of 194 –195, 200–201 why measure? 255, 639 , 679 runout guidelines for sheaves 199, 597, 639 , S safety 14, 16– 18, 78, 1 58, 186 , 30 6, 429, 432 – 433 , 435 , 437 , 439 , 4 73 474, 5 38 , 6 68, 739 scaling factors 32 1 seals 1, 5, 9, 35 , 37 , 137 – 139 , 162–1 63, 179, 189 –192, 202, 217, 291, 34 9, 677, 709, 711 see through target 6 23 624, 6 28 seismometer 52 early... origins of 737 Metric System 220 origins of 737 metrology 244 MG sets 5 63, 7 03 Michelson interferometer 244 Piotrowski / Shaft Alignment Handbook, Third Edition DK 432 2_C0 23 Final Proof page 796 28. 9.2006 11:01am 796 micrometer 27 30 , 1 18, 165–166, 220, 2 23 239 , 31 4, 37 4, 431 , 439 , 447, 451, 456, 4 63, 476, 481 – 487 , 492–495, 500–501, 506–509, 5 13, 529– 532 , 541, 622, 624, 629– 632 , 6 38 , 709–717, 739 , 742–743 . 252–2 53, 31 4, 38 9, 677, 674, 670, 6 78, 701 responsibility 23 25 severe 3 6, 20, 55, 131 – 132 , 137 – 1 38 , 1 93, 225, 252–2 53, 31 4, 33 8, 38 9, 669, 679, 686 slight 3, 5, 48, 55, 1 83 , 32 1, 34 1, 37 7 37 8, 5 68, . 104 snap gage 165, 191, 37 4, 37 7 37 8 soft foot 2, 8 9, 14 –19, 24, 29, 32 33 , 1 28 129, 2 08, 215, 221, 30 1, 31 3, 33 3 33 5, 34 2, 415–416, 419, 424, 597, 670–671, 6 73 674, 677, 686 , 697, 701, 705, 720–721 correction. on alignment 33 8 33 9 support structures 38 3 thermal expansion or contraction 5 98 piping connections 32 4 piping fit-up problems 33 8 piping stress 15–16, 19, 32 33 , 134 – 135 test 14, 15, 18, 32 piping