Handbook Of Shaft Alignment Episode 3 Part 1 pdf

Gear Pump 10 in. Up Side view Scale : 30 mils T B EW 0 T B EW 0 PumpGear output +20 −66 −2 −68 −32 +52 Gear Pump Scale: East Top View 10 in. 50 mils T B EW T B EW PumpGear output 0 +64 0 +84 View looking east 24 in.48 in. 14 in.10 in. 1 in. Motor Gear 32 in. Pump 0 50 10 40 20 30 + _ 10 40 20 30 0 50 10 40 20 30 + _ 10 40 20 30 0 50 10 40 20 30 + _ 10 40 20 30 0 50 10 40 20 30 + _ 10 40 20 30 2 in. 28 in. 32 in. 0 50 10 40 + _ 10 40 20 30 0 50 10 40 20 30 + _ 10 40 20 30 FIGURE 17.9 Side and top view alignment models of just the gear and the pump. Piotrowski / Shaft Alignment Handbook, Third Edition DK4322_C017 Final Proof page 570 26.9.2006 8:41pm 570 Shaft Alignment Handbook, Third Edition Motor Gear 10 in. Up Side view Scale: Motor Gear Scale: East Top view 30 mils 10 in. 50 mils T B 0 T B EEWW 0 Motor Gear input − 50 − 40+70 +30 +20−70 T B T B EEWW Motor Gear input −1100+900 63 mils down 31 mils down 37 mils east 10 mils east FIGURE 17.10 Required moves to align the motor to the gear. Piotrowski / Shaft Alignment Handbook, Third Edition DK4322_C017 Final Proof page 571 26.9.2006 8:41pm Aligning Multiple-Element Drive Systems 571 Gear Pump 10 in. Up Side view Scale: 30 mils T B E 0 T B EW W 0 PumpGear output +20 −66 −2 −68 −32 +52 Gear Pump Scale: East Top view 10 in. 50 mils T B T B EEWW PumpGear output 0 +64 0 +84 63 mils down 93 mils down 120 mils east 220 mils east FIGURE 17.11 Required moves to align the pump to the gear. Piotrowski / Shaft Alignment Handbook, Third Edition DK4322_C017 Final Proof page 572 26.9.2006 8:41pm 572 Shaft Alignment Handbook, Third Edition Motor Gear 20 in. Up Side view Scale: Scale: East Top view 50 mils 10 in. 100 mils 63 mils down 31 mils down 37 mils east10 mils east Pump Motor Gear Pump FIGURE 17.12 Three-element alignment model showing the gear and motor shafts only. Piotrowski / Shaft Alignment Handbook, Third Edition DK4322_C017 Final Proof page 573 26.9.2006 8:41pm Aligning Multiple-Element Drive Systems 573 Motor Gear 20 in. Up Side view Scale: Scale: East Top view 50 mils 10 in. 100 mils 63 mils down 93 mils down Pump Motor Gear Pump 120 mils east 220 mils east FIGURE 17.13 Three-element alignment model showing all three shafts. Piotrowski / Shaft Alignment Handbook, Third Edition DK4322_C017 Final Proof page 574 26.9.2006 8:41pm 574 Shaft Alignment Handbook, Third Edition Figure 17.14 shows the misalignment between the motor and gear shafts in the side and top views using the line to points reverse indicator modeling technique. Figure 17.15 shows the misalignment between the gear and pump shafts in the side and top views. It does not matter which set of readings is plotted first, the motor to gear or the gear to pump. Notice that the Motor Gear 20 in. Up Side view Scale: Scale: East Top View 50 mils 10 in. 100 mils Pump Motor Gear Pump T B EW 0 T B EW 0 Motor Gear input −50 −40+70 +30 +20−70 T B EW T B EW Motor Gear input −1100+900 FIGURE 17.14 Three-element alignment model plotting the motor and gear shafts using the line to points reverse indicator modeling technique. Piotrowski / Shaft Alignment Handbook, Third Edition DK4322_C017 Final Proof page 575 26.9.2006 8:41pm Aligning Multiple-Element Drive Systems 575 Motor Gear 20 in. Up Side view Scale: Scale: East Top view 50 mils 10 in. 100 mils Pump Motor Gear Pump T B EW 0 T B EW 0 PumpGear output +20 −66 −2 −68 −32 +52 T B EW T B EW PumpGear output 0 +64 0 +84 FIGURE 17.15 Three-element alignment model plotting the gear and pump shafts using the line to points reverse indicator modeling technique. Piotrowski / Shaft Alignment Handbook, Third Edition DK4322_C017 Final Proof page 576 26.9.2006 8:41pm 576 Shaft Alignment Handbook, Third Edition positions of the shafts in Figure 17.13 are identical to the positions of the shafts in Figure 17.15 even though two different methods were used to generate the two graphs. Again, just as in modeling two-shaft drive systems, all that has been accomplished with the graph is that the positions of the shafts have been determined. At this point, it is imperative that the restrictions in the up or down and east or west directions be determined at every bolting plane on all three machines and transferred onto the graph. Once this has been done, the final desired overlay line can be drawn onto the graph and the movement solutions at all of the bolting or translation planes can be determined and executed. An example of this is illustrated in Figure 17.16 showing the amount of existing shims and the lateral movement restrictions at each bolting plane. Notice that in the side view if you were to name any one of the machines as a ‘‘stationary’’ machine, the vertical restriction would have prevented you from aligning the drive system; and in the top view if you were to name either the gear or the pump as a stationary machine, the lateral restriction would have prevented you from aligning the drive system. 17.5 MIXING DIFFERENT ALIGNMENT MEASUREMENT METHODS In some situations, more than one alignment measurement method could be (or may have to be) employed to measure each set of shafts. Figure 17.17 through Figure 17.19 show how you can use different alignment measurement methods and still model the machinery positions. Two electric motors are coupled together to drive a gearbox and a compressor. A laser– detector shaft alignment system was used to measure the alignment between the two motors (Motor A and Motor B). Reverse Indicator readings were taken between Motor B and the gearbox. The shaft to coupling spool method was employed between the gear output shaft and the compressor. Figure 17.17 shows the dimensions of the four-element drive system, the information gathered from the laser–detector shaft alignment system, the reverse indicator measurements (before and after sag compensation), the shaft to coupling spool measurements (before and after sag compensation), the amount of existing shims under each bolting plane, and the lateral movement restrictions at each bolting plane. You need every piece of infor- mation shown in Figure 17.17 to determine how to correct the misalignment condition that exists on this drive system. Figure 17.18 shows the side view alignment model of all four shafts and the vertical restriction boundary. The gear shafts were placed on the graph paper centerline and each shaft was referenced from the gear outward. Figure 17.19 shows the top view alignment model of all four shafts and the lateral restriction envelope. Again, the gear was placed on the graph paper centerline and each shaft was referenced from that point outward. Carefully study both alignment models to determine how the shafts were constructed. Despite the fact that three different alignment measurement methods and tools were used to determine the relative positions of each set of shafts, the entire drive train can still be modeled on graph paper. As you can see from the shaft positions in the side view, attempting to call Motor A, Motor B, or the gear as the ‘‘fixed’’ or stationary machine will result in a lot of headaches and unnecessary work. In the top view, attempting to call any of the four machines as the fixed or stationary machine will result in unforeseen situations and unneces- sary work. It should become obvious why it is recommended that the multiple-element drive train alignment laws mentioned above should be adhered to when aligning drive systems of this complexity. Piotrowski / Shaft Alignment Handbook, Third Edition DK4322_C017 Final Proof page 577 26.9.2006 8:41pm Aligning Multiple-Element Drive Systems 577 17.6 MODELING RIGHT-ANGLE DRIVE SYSTEMS So far, we have examined rotating machinery drive systems that are horizontally mounted, direct in-line machinery. But not all drive systems are configured that way. Some drive trains are arranged in an ‘‘L’’ shape, commonly referred to as right-angle drives. A right-angled Motor Gear 20 in. Up Side view Scale: Scale: East Top view 50 mils 10 in. 100 mils Pump Motor Gear Pump Lateral movement restriction points Baseplate restriction points Overlay line 38 mils up 47 mils up 45 mils down Pivot here Pivot here 25 mils down Overlay line No lateral moves required on motor 57 mils west 80 mils west 83 mils east Pivot here FIGURE 17.16 Possible alignment corrective moves after overlaying the boundary conditions. Piotrowski / Shaft Alignment Handbook, Third Edition DK4322_C017 Final Proof page 578 26.9.2006 8:41pm 578 Shaft Alignment Handbook, Third Edition Gear Motor A Compressor 62 in. 62 in. 50 in. 20 in. 10 in. 8 in. 10 in. 12 in. 8 in. Motor B 16 in. 4 in. Flex point Flex point 0 50 10 40 20 30 + _ 10 40 20 30 0 50 10 40 20 30 + _ 10 40 20 30 12 in. 14 in.12 in. 380" overall length from outboard bolts of Motor A to outboard bolts of compressor. Motor B Bracket sag = 6 mils Sa g compensated readings Field readings Gear to spool Compressor to spool 0 −30 –20 Bracket sag = 10 mils Sag compensated readings Field readings +60 A laser alignment system was used between Motor A and Motor B. With Motor A named as the stationary machine, the following moves on Motor B were indicated by the laser: lower “near” foot 40 mils raise “far” foot 15 mils move “near” foot 50 mils east move “far” foot 45 mils west −43 −23 T B E W 0 25 mils shims 60 east • 20 west 80 mils shims 80 east • 0 west 50 mils shims 40 east • 40 west 40 mils shims 16 east • 60 west 30 mils shims 30 east • 50 west No shims 60 east • 0 west Gear +14 +30 T B EW 0 T B EW 0 T B EW 0 T B EW 0 T B EW 0 T B EW 0 T B EW 0 View looking east −66 +44 −40 −20 +17 +33 −60 +50 −30 +40 +5 –25 –15 +65 –20 +50 0 50 10 40 20 30 + _ 10 40 20 30 0 50 10 40 20 30 + _ 10 40 20 30 FIGURE 17.17 Four-element drive system arrangement with all the required alignment information. Piotrowski / Shaft Alignment Handbook, Third Edition DK4322_C017 Final Proof page 579 26.9.2006 8:41pm Aligning Multiple-Element Drive Systems 579 [...]... shown in Figure 17 .20 comprises an electric motor coupled to a speed reducing right-angled gear that drives a roll The reverse indicator was employed between the 56 in 18 in 12 in 2 in 8 in 16 in 8 in 10 _ 0 + 10 in 10 20 20 30 30 40 50 40 Motor 20 in 40 50 40 30 30 20 20 10 Gear _ 0 + 10 2 in 10 _ 0 + 8 in 10 20 20 30 30 40 50 40 30 20 40 10 50 _ 0 + B −28 30 E +1 4 in 0 T E +33 + 13 W 82 in B +46... position a dial indicator stem on the face of the bushing as shown in Figure 18 .15 Piotrowski / Shaft Alignment Handbook, Third Edition DK 432 2_C 018 Final Proof page 598 598 28.9.2006 7 :15 pm Shaft Alignment Handbook, Third Edition 50 10 0 15 0 51 01 52 02 53 0 Small “O” ring Large “O” ring Belt tensioning gauge Span le ) 50 10 0 15 0 51 0 15 20 25 30 ngth (P Force 1 When installing new V-belts, shorten the... following page 32 2.) Four-element drive system side view alignment model of all four shafts and the lateral restriction envelope 20 in Scale: Motor A Top view Piotrowski / Shaft Alignment Handbook, Third Edition DK 432 2_C 017 Final Proof page 5 81 26.9.2006 8:41pm 5 81 Piotrowski / Shaft Alignment Handbook, Third Edition DK 432 2_C 017 Final Proof page 582 582 26.9.2006 8:41pm Shaft Alignment Handbook, Third... Shaft Alignment Handbook, Third Edition DK 432 2_C 017 Final Proof page 584 584 26.9.2006 8:41pm Shaft Alignment Handbook, Third Edition Side view Motor Up Gear View looking east Roll View looking south Right-angle bend plane Scale: 10 in or 20 mils 10 in or 20 mils Gear Motor Field readings 0 0 T T −29 W E +1 + 13 W E + 33 B B −28 +46 Bracket sag = 6 mils Sag compensated readings 0 0 T T −26 W E +4 +16 ... Regardless of how many pieces of machinery are in the drive train or how the shaft- to -shaft measurements were taken, the positions of all the machinery can be accurately illustrated on Piotrowski / Shaft Alignment Handbook, Third Edition DK 432 2_C 017 Final Proof page 589 26.9.2006 8:41pm 589 Aligning Multiple-Element Drive Systems Top view Motor Gear 37 mils west 10 mils west 12 mils east 15 mils north 13 mils... condition 18 .2 V-BELT STANDARDS INFORMATION Standard cross-sectional and length dimensions have been established for V-belts as shown in Figure 18 .5 and Figure 18 .6 Figure 18 .7 shows how to calculate the required length of a V-belt 5 91 Piotrowski / Shaft Alignment Handbook, Third Edition DK 432 2_C 018 Final Proof page 592 592 FIGURE 18 .1 Belt driven fan FIGURE 18 .2 Belt driven fan 28.9.2006 7 :15 pm Shaft Alignment. .. T W +20 0 E B T W +16 Gear Motor B 0 Field readings 0 T T W − 23 +14 E W +30 − 43 E B B −66 +44 Gear East 10 40 10 40 30 50 _ 0 + 20 40 30 10 20 0E 30 E B T B 30 0 T Compressor to spool 0 E B T W −80 Lateral movement restriction points W +30 B +40 Field readings 0 T W0 W −20 +60 E Gear to spool 50 30 _ 0 + 20 40 30 10 20 Compressor Aligning Multiple-Element Drive Systems FIGURE 17 .19 (See color insert... 18 .2 Belt driven fan 28.9.2006 7 :15 pm Shaft Alignment Handbook, Third Edition Piotrowski / Shaft Alignment Handbook, Third Edition DK 432 2_C 018 Final Proof page 5 93 28.9.2006 7 :15 pm Aligning V-Belt Drives 5 93 FIGURE 18 .3 Belt driven fan 18 .3 SHEAVE INFORMATION Standard information on sheaves is shown in Figure 18 .8 18 .4 V-BELT RECOMMENDATIONS AND RULES OF THUMB Here are some guidelines for successful, long-term... Handbook, Third Edition DK 432 2_C 018 Final Proof page 595 28.9.2006 7 :15 pm 595 Aligning V-Belt Drives Belt cross section designation Belt cross section dimensions Belt cross section designation Belt cross section dimensions 0.50 in A or AX 0 .38 in 0 . 31 in 3VX 0 . 31 in 0.66 in B or BX 0.62 in 0. 41 in 5VX 0. 53 in 0.88 in 1. 00 in C or CX 0. 53 in 8V 0. 91 in 1. 25 in D 0.75 in 408 FIGURE 18 .5 V-belt cross section... or 50 mils 5 in or 50 mils 13 mils north FIGURE 17 .29 (See color insert following page 32 2.) Top view alignment model showing possible alignment corrective moves in the lateral direction staying within the boundary conditions Piotrowski / Shaft Alignment Handbook, Third Edition DK 432 2_C 017 Final Proof page 590 590 26.9.2006 8:41pm Shaft Alignment Handbook, Third Edition an alignment model as shown in . in. 14 in .10 in. 1 in. Motor Gear 32 in. Pump 0 50 10 40 20 30 + _ 10 40 20 30 0 50 10 40 20 30 + _ 10 40 20 30 0 50 10 40 20 30 + _ 10 40 20 30 0 50 10 40 20 30 + _ 10 40 20 30 2 in. 28 in. 32 . roll +24 32 −56 0 +8 1 S Gear Bracket sag = 6 mils T B WW EE 0 Motor T B 0 +1 −28 −29 + 13 +46 +33 Field readings East North 0 50 10 40 20 30 + _ 10 40 20 30 0 50 10 40 20 30 + _ 10 40 20 30 56 in. 18 . east −66 +44 −40 −20 +17 +33 −60 +50 30 +40 +5 –25 15 +65 –20 +50 0 50 10 40 20 30 + _ 10 40 20 30 0 50 10 40 20 30 + _ 10 40 20 30 FIGURE 17 .17 Four-element drive system arrangement with all the required alignment