TRIJONG DHSP TP.HCM KHOA var L.v cQNc HoA xA nQr cnu Ncni.t vn$r NAM Ddc ltp- Tu do - Hanh Ohric of rrrr MON: eUANG pHo NGrryEN Trt ' Ldr : crrINr{AN vAT L.f Thiri gian lirr biri: 120 phrftt I. Tuong t6c I.S vi tuong trlcij X6t tuong tfc giira mQt electron (1) o trpng th6i s c6 momen dQng lugng qu! d4o vir spin lAn luqt h [v] { vn mQt electron (2) o tqng th6i p c6 momen dQng lugng qu! d3o vd spin lin .' : luqtld lrvit s2.D?t S=s1*r2 vit L=h+lz. 1. Tinh dO lon cria S vd ttQ lon cria momen clQng lu-o. ng todn phAn i = L +i . Viiit c6c s5 hang ph6 cia tuong t6c LS giira hai eleckon ndy. 2. Tinh c6c d6 l6n cta momen dQng lugng ctia m6i electron. i i+ q vd i =6 * t, . Vi6t c6c sO h4ng ph6 cria tucrng t6c jj giftahai electron ndy. II. Tr4ng thr{i co bin cria nguy6n tfr carbon Vitit c6u hinh diQn tti (electronic configuration) cria nguy€n tri carbon C (c6 6 electron) 6 tr4ng thrli co bin vd c6c pO hAng ph6 tuong ung vdi tuong t6c LS cria nguy€n tir ndy. Dirng quy tic Hund d€ tim sd h4ng ph6 cta trpng th6i co bdn. III. Thira sii Land6 trong nguy€n tir c6 hai electron tuong tluong Xdt hai electron 0 cdu hinh (n)pz . L Ding m6 hinh vecto d0 chrmg minh ring thta s6 Land6 duoc tfnh boi: ^_.,, J(J +l)+,S(S+1)+Z(Z+l) "_,_W, trong d6, J, L, vd S 6n luqt h dO lcrn cia momen dQng lugng todn phAn i = I +,S , cria momen Cgng luqerg qu! <lgo toan phAn L =T, *e,, vi cia spin todur phan 5 = { * { . 2. Sri dpng c6ng thric trdn t16 tfnh thira sti Land6 cta c6c st5 h4ng ph6 to, vit 3 Pr. ry. Sii hgng phd vi so tld mrfrc nlng luqng cria nguy€n tfr heli 1. Vitit cdc cAu hinh tliQn tri (electronic configurations) vd crlc sti hang ph6 cria nguy€n tri heli o trpng th6i co bin vd d trpng th6i kich thfch thri nh6t, trpng th6i kfch thich thri hai. 2. V€ so tt6 cic mirc nlng lugng cria nguy€n tu heli 0 trang thii 1s2p khi c6 tfnh dtin hiQu ring tuong aOi tintr. - Hf,'r'- Ghi chri: e Thi sinh khdng duqc sfr d$ng tni hQu. . C6c cf,u I,II, III, vi IV iIQc lip nhau o Thi sinh c6 th6 sft dBng k6t qui cria cic cflu trOn A6 tra lli cic cflu duti,i. L3.g td +r'g w% . th6i kfch thich thri hai. 2. V€ so tt6 cic mirc nlng lugng cria nguy€n tu heli 0 trang thii 1s2p khi c6 tfnh dtin hiQu ring tuong aOi tintr. - Hf,'r'- Ghi chri: e Thi sinh. LS cria nguy€n tir ndy. Dirng quy tic Hund d€ tim sd h4ng ph6 cta trpng th6i co bdn. III. Thira sii Land6 trong nguy€n tir c6 hai electron tuong tluong Xdt hai electron 0 cdu hinh (n)pz. L =T, *e,, vi cia spin todur phan 5 = { * { . 2. Sri dpng c6ng thric trdn t16 tfnh thira sti Land6 cta c6c st5 h4ng ph6 to, vit 3 Pr. ry. Sii hgng phd vi so tld mrfrc nlng