Nhu V[IV bt) giC\ If! thl!' nghi~m phal hi~n l,)i h/O EI x = L y = O. 11 = I, \' = 1. Chung la xel tl(p VI dy lim YccW gl<l If! Ihu Ilghl~lll phal hi¢n k)i hil!l~ ,,(j <;-01-0 tren duo'll,!; fjj() d6i vO'i m',lch Irell hlllh 8,20. I. ill. DU()"[jg lill hi¢u I dU\K gaJ1 gia tr! l), h~ll1g dai rallh gi6i j) han g6m I G3]: 2. Bl. Vlli giG Ir~ dU()'llgj btuIg 'I', phCpl()(in x~ie dinh cttU.l \':10 eho la "i.1 tri Iren c1ulH1!! (' hilll" 'I' V:I suv ra duo'no (' I1h.\n "1,i Iri b.II1" '0': L'. ~ e _ e _~, e 3. 83. /\p dL,ll1g ph':p suy dicn ta I1h,lll duoe gia Iri tn~n c,ic dLTcJng g, Ii. f, I, k,ll nlllr <;au: g = I. h = I. 1= 1. i = I, k = O. n :: 0: 4. B-1 Tlmc hien Iru) '6n f) qua ph;iJ1 tlr (;3, cht:ing la llh~tn duo\' trcn c1uc1ng i gi;l In [) \';:1 tren d gi,i tl"! '0': h:ll1g dO'i r<lnh gilli /) ehCra I (;6 ], 5. il6. Do (hrong lin hi¢u i kh6ng phill EI d:iu ra nCll chung 1<1 quay i<,li hLfO'e B4: 6. B-1 On gi(l If! Ir~n <luling tIn hi¢u k hilllg '0', cho nl-n chling I:> klH'lng Ihc IlllK hlen \'l¢C Iruyen [) qua ph,i.n III (;6. ~hl kh,ie hi:lllg dO'j r;lllh &16i D I/mg, dicu n;\', (!;'m t6i k(1 luflll [l)i.//() 1(1 16i du' thila. Ta e6 the Ih,\y rtlllg :-'If dung IhLl(11 toan f) ehllllg la c{) the ;dc dpill (liH1C m0i b() gia Ir\ Illlr ng:lu¢1l1 l1c tim mqi loi h<'lllg s{) ell the phat hi~11 duue. Them V;IO do. Ihu~lt tmill D ell the \11(1 r(mg: dC CIP dung: <;aug e,ie tnt) hlllll [hi khac. 3, Thu;.)t toan POnE~J ( Palh-Oriented Dcclsinn Making) Twng thu;lt loan I), (tiu tlen gi,i 11'i [) dWK dna t6i deiu 1'a ella mach htlng: pllcp Iru)'en D . au dll dung ph~p ttxll1 xac ctl11h d:iLl \":10 de 11111 gl.t Ir! Iren de deiu <10, Neu h.hi x.le dP1h gla Ir] driu \'aO g.)p 1Il[11l thutlll thl ([lLrc' hi~n quay lui \,~I !l.ra ehl,lll du-i:ing IruY~l1 D kh,\c tere [il Ill' bu6c B7 ella thll~ll tn,ill quav 1'.li bwk 13-1 Trung tnrlJng IH),p g,~p nhlC;u m{IU thUitl1 trong ph('p \.:\c dP1h dfiu \':Il1. Illbi gian ll''lng h(.rp \'Ceto' gl,i tri klClll nghlem t;1ng:, 'v' f duo nhu klli xU:lI hi¢n nillel[ phi.i.n III XOR [rong: nwch. e[le than lac truycn f) kh,\ dlill gian nlurng vi~e <.ip dung phcp IOiin xae d!llh d:iu "an linl'(1ilg h;1 lillie kh(lllg 273 lil,11l1l ,,'Ollg \:1 qu,'i trtnh Illly":'ll IJ ph;ll (jlldY Illl DjClln~IY 1;'1111 cho \'I~T kIll),! Il,'P h(') ~L\ Hi lilll Il~cilll'll1 h;lIl~ liIu:,11 IO,'lll D phdl 11('U 11111 Iltl'lll IlII1'-'lI th('l'i g],IIl Dl; Idll t \ IlJ~'U qua l'lld qu,\ Irinll IruyC:II /) \';1 X,lc djlliI d:lll \'i\(), lIeli Ifllll loi IIltemg IJIlh 11lI(lng lb Ill'U In~ll, lrong. h.y liIu,}1 Ihu,'l'Ilg. slr dung plllWllg pldp PODE'I Tr()ll~ pi1u()ng ph,ip n;IY. khr lime 111l'l1 quay lui 1<1 dlll1~ Illt'l 111'-' didl Lhuycrl n)lLIOc' Chllllg 1<1 c/l Ihe tllllh 11:IY ng,ln g()11 lilll {tiC dieh ehlly,,~n ngLf\I'C nlH( ~,lLI, (ira IhIe'( lilllg Ir('11 dll'(m~ lin IHl'u \'lhi\YII,:\]1 ),.'i,ilri \', T;,11 \'i Irf dLJ'(,iC d'llll! nil;ill li:"tU lien lill dUll'llg lill hi,-'lI .I' lILhiC g,in gl,i If! I', dning 1,llua CIJ(.lll mil! dlfi!ll!; d;-in lh,'o Illf(l-l1g Ill'j (btl \,:10, (il;i II'! llU nll,10 du\!c d;i() h:ill dl qll,1 nhCJ'Ilg phdJlllI h\ll :\X'\L), \'Ol{, ,'\'()l', Tron&- qU[1 lr'll1h diel! CllLlY~11 11~211'IH __ ' Iheo IlIi)1 dU(l'llg, g],i II'! nll;lll dLfne Iruy(:n then hU'{.J'llg ILl' (I<\u ra ella 1l1',ldl I,'ij die d:1lI \:10, ])\) lki (ill] n')'j Illllt-I1g pldn ILl' ell llhi~ll ddll \il,), clllln,::. \;1 l':111 1111'-'1 phdl I Lt',1 dlOn de dLfllllg \':l() tU'lfllg ling \'(l'j de Ill,~lt IL,ra CIH?11. !\Illfll& dlril'll!,! till hl,-'U ! h(lllg du\JC I Lt',1 dH,l1l dlt'lfC dUd \:I() h~lllg doi qu,ly lUI \'i\ ~l' dU(lc ~lr dung Irung qu.:i Irlllh qU~ly Iu!. C:ic IU,)1 Il,rd ehml dll'(\llg till hil'u \:10 C() dallg Illlu ,~,lll: ll,it IL(;ll'lll,lJl~: I) Ll,fd ChUl1 dLt'('jIl~ tldJl ~:lll lLllI \';1(1 nh:l1: 2,1 :<";0u ;.cid III CI'I;III!J;l11 b,-Ill!,! '0', eill-Ill!,! tet IiL) chull dLu'ing IlllyCll 1:1 d,w ra ClICl ph,1l1 III :\'\D 110<'1,,' !'\()R, 0,'('1l f!.i.i Iii ella n!J:lIl h,-Illg 'I' el""l~ I" I"" dh'" d""Jl~ 11U"" I., ,[;,,, '" ell;] OR I,,"'e ;q.'\IJ Tr,-'Il ell ,>(l CU;I lhu tlll' dkh CiJU}L'1l Il!,!lJ('C ll(ll Ir'::'11 \,1 IU<:l1 :a Ilia dl\,lll dU,'ill).! IruY':::IL thu,-II 1(l,il1 ]lOUI·:-"l C(') Ill":' dutl'c IrlIlh I<IY nlm ,>,lll: Thll:11 to,in POJ)Ei'I I, Trollg 1;:1]1 hop e,ic kll. IU<I l'i]()11 Ihi h:lllg '>Ii clWd '>Lf tll,lllt! ,\'-(/-\ trell dw\ng Iln hl,-·u ,\ 1:1111 clIO dw\n!; lin hl":u nit,:111 ~l;i Iri I' - ]()i .1'/1 Trl'Il dll'img ,\ Ihi'::'1 Lljl nil;!]] I)' \'~l dUd \'iIO hill1f!. dl.!1 ral1ll gi(l'l lJ !lilting phjll Itf nh,'111 dU('illg ,I I:un dilu \'~l(), :"J(;u h.h(')!1g 6)]1 It'll lrong I;IP IHlp l<ie Itll. ,-'hllng 1,1 dLI'll.'.' lju,i IJll1h I{lng htl'p hi) .'!i:i 1rl thlf Ilghi\'llL Trl'll dlJ'(\ll!,! lin hl~'lI \, Ihl,fe hiLII Ih,tOI,ic Ihil:1 1:'ljl /)' \';1 X,'IC dmh c,ie gi:i II'! d:ill \';\tl, 'Jell \l!,\1 Itic'n h.]w lI<lllg iIr,\ choll dlft\ll),! d,lll. ~lf dung IU;~II :a, nhCrng rh~\n Ilr clm I'-,Ii si: du'l.)-c dua do h:l!1g ltoi Ihic'l L\p phl.lC \'t,l qU:I Irlllil qU'-ly lUI. ~. Dhi \'('ii nhu'ng. glci tri dilu v;\O nh:uI elll\iC It I' k0-1 qu.'1 liluc hil'l1 tit.\O 1.le Ihie'l h~p D". chung la Illl.fC IlI':n phcp _~uy dil:n. 4. Dt"ii, l1i gia Iri d:lu til'l1 lrong himg dU'i r<-lol1 gi('ii n, chlll1g la 1l1uc hi0n phcp lruYCI1 n. Phiill1lf nh~ln II0'p thm tHlng pilcp tfu)'cn J) nl1;\o gi;i If! f) 1' 11 d;lu \'iIO (hll)'l' dlla \,;lll (till hilllg dU'1 rauh gll)'i n. Tl'llng gu:. Iflnh IfUYCll f). ne'u dn thiel ph;11 I~ra chqn ph:in III Ir0n dUlillg CUll 11l:11l Ulill. Chlll1g ta ,ip dung Ill,)t;lB. Th{)llg II1Lftmg chl'mil la dl liI~ Slr dl,lng ILl;~t B lrong Ihuill loan L> 1;1111 IU(lt Jl3 clla I!lU,:11 to,in PODE]\.l. SilU khi dJ. ILIa chon p1l:in Ill' Irl'11 dU'i1ng Iruy':n [) \l\-j d:iu fa. dc ph:lll tll' c(m h.lt dLflK <ILIa ";10 h2mg dl/i r<lllh gl(li D. Trong tnri:),llg ho'p Ihal) I;IC Iruycn j) l(ji d:iu r kh6ng thc' k0'1 lIllie dU-(.l'L-, chung ta ~U: dt,lng pld.1l Ilf IIC'p Ihen lrong h:Ulg dl)i railit giCl'i D. :"ku hi\l\g d()i ranh giCii D f6ng, 16i dlfl,l'C COl 1:1 j{)i du' IhLla \';1 "i~e IIl~le hl~ll thu.~1 tmin duqe quay li.li bu'o-e 1. 5. TIwc hi~n ph~p suy dien. 6. TIwc hien tliu Il,le dieh ehuy'0'n ngu't,)'c d6i \'6i nhli'ng dUllllg lIn hiL;u I]"cn d6 gi;i If) (Hiu ]"<1 clla de ph[in Ill' duo'c xae dinh cbn C:IC gl:l 11'1 d;i,lI \'~\O chua .,ac dinh. Trong trulmg ilt![l dn thi0'l phai Iva Chl.ll1 elUting tin hi¢u. chung 1<1 Iht,l'c hi¢n I~ra ehqn dllll11g Sll' dt,lng lu,H 9 l\hiIng dui:mg lin hicll d1lra dUlK I~fa dll,lll dLl\iC (1\(<1 \'ilo hill1e: do'j l[uaylul. 7. Tlnl'e hi~'n ph":p suy dlcn, sau klti (1;-1 g;ln cho eic (hill \,;10 ni1Cfllg gla In nk'in Ilh,)n duoc ILr phcp qUil: ILlI. Kicm Ira tinh MIll!:, It'tll ella gi.i Iri cLlu Cllil nhan. t\"c'u kh,'l11g nhilll dL]'(),e gd Iq dting, dlling ta kiL'lll Ira t[nil MIlle: dilll etla 1;1.1 tn ngh!ch (bo. ;-"ku vice kiclll tra glii Ir! ch.) kc't lIU,'1 dllng, Chllllg 1<1 ellllyc'n ~ang hUlk 6 \,;1 ~lr dung lhflillg IIll hl';u d£lu tiC'1l lrung h:lIlg clui quay luI. Trong lru,('-mg. ill)'p "ICC kicl1l Ira eilu \ 0'1 qU,'1 sai. nlHI \',)y thao hie tru)'cn D 16i d;ttl ra kh(lllg thL' lime hl~n (hrq'c, dll'lllg \,[ quay \'C hutl-c l 8. N0'u 16n tai dU(lJIg dm phcp thl,l'c hi¢n bu(fc 6, Chllllg ta t!llrc hl~'!l L ,'[\ bu6c 6 \"i:t hLl6e 7. 9, NL"U gi,.i Irj 1) \Cl'i duo'c (ttu I"i\, hl~ gia trj lUU \'tlO nhrlll l1u\1c s0 hi \'ccto' gl<l tri Ihu Ilghi~l1l d~ pilal hi0n ltji sll' \'tl eilllllg la quay L_.li 275 blr6\:: I. Trong Lnrimg lWp Lhao 1,1e lruyen [) khhng Lt'll lhf()C d:iu r,L cilling 1<1 quay L.li hu6"c-1 Ch(\ng 1.1 llllnh Il() Lh\l~lt 10;ln PODEl\l qua mach II"':n hlllh g.21. (;1:1 276 1Ilnh s.:!1. \l!niJ hoc! tlHlilllo-ill PClDL\ltnlllf. \'IL'C IUllt: 1){111 !21-i In tln'r IlSI11':lll ph.il hi(:ll Ii)] hall!, ~() HI / lrl'll dlflJng (f (fi/. , IhiC'L n\ng lrong m:.lch :\u:il hl¢n !6i h,\ng ~6 s-u-J LIC'n (hf(-ing a - a11. T(;ng h(.)"[1 WeIr) oi;i tri kiC:m nnhiC'lll ~. ~ . d(ii v(li 16i u/ J thL'o Lhu:II 1()(ln PODEl\l dUne Illl.fe hi~n !llnr ~au: 1) nl. (i,in elm dUll"llg (j gi,i trj D, hilllg (\lfi ranh gi6i f) s~ chlra nh(rng ph~in Llf ~au:! li2. (;1 I: 2) n2. Dc du<\ng lin hien a nh,">n giCt t" '(1'" ehllng la e,'llllhlC'"L dU'iillg lin hicuf"i:' g ]}h,\11 glil tri htmg > J '; ~) rn. Thue hi¢n phL'P "uy dl~'n dt'li \/Ij duim~l. f \';1 g. ciJLlng 1,1 nh:lIl dum' hai duimg lill 11Il'UIr \':lil'llng Ilh~.ln gl,i Iri 'J-: -t) H-J Tlllrc hl~lllllallluc Irll~'cll f) qua phfin Ilf (;2. chllng 1a 011(111 dU\iC gi,i Ir! dll'(~mg h =, D \,~I dU(l'1lg I ph,'li nh:1Il gi'l tri 'I'. Ttf d{l :-'1I~ r,l h;lTlg dui r,]1111 gill'i J) s;: ban g611ldc pkin tlf I (;6. c;~ 1: :'I) 115, /\]1 dung ph0p \l1y dicll 1(1 nh,:111 (1U'oej:;; /.; = '1 ': / = '0', 1/1 = '1', Do.l 1:1 eLiu do CUd llle.lell 1]('11 cal' bu6\. ILl' hUCK 116 den Hi') cua Ihl1(11 \o,in PODE\l du\Jc h() qU<! \':l chung LI sang hu{1l' B9: 6) nlJ, Do ehrll'llg tin hH::ll h kh(lIlg ph;'lI IiI (!:ill ";10 ella mach. Chl'lll!2- la ehlly0n sang 1'.11 budc B-t; 7) B-t. Thue hi~n Ih<lo 1,1e lruy~n f) qua ph[in IU (;6, fJ0 th~rc hil'n (lLrnc dil'U nil)' chung la Gin c{l du(mg c nh(ll1 gl,\ Ir\ 'I'. dUil'llg /I CllIlg ph,'\! nb;)]] glCt In '1'. H;mg dqi ranh gi6J /) SC chI Cll pil[ill It'j' I Ci?' I: :\) H(l. llH,l'C hiL'I1 1hu [ue dich ehuycn I1,gUO'L' \'(\"j ,gl;i Iq dudng c h:tng 'I', Chllll!:: 1,\ nh<:lt1 ehl'l.lC gi,i Ir\ duang p = II =: '0' \,;ltlieu ll;IY suy rd (\w\ng \' nh(lll giCtll"] '()": 9) B7. Tlwc hi¢n plicp suy dien d6i \'(j'i gi,i Iri I' = '0' ~C cho la gi,i 11"1 s = '1'. /I = '0', c = 'I'. Nlm \,;\y chCl!1g la khCl!1g llh;m duo'c gl,i Iri (1<\u ra (kln~ ( 1(1'c \;\ 1.1 ph:\[ I1h~ln (hn),c II = "l'. (' =. /) ) Cl\\~lllg 1:\ nghich (lctlJ !!i,i Iri eua \' \' = 'J'. V\'J"j ejii Iri n:\\'. dlt'illll.'. lill hieu ~ . ~. ~ '. ,. . c = /), ]lhu' \,i~y Ch(\llg 1;1 cling khLlllg nh,:l!I dlH,l"C ~i.i Ir! (';\n 1!JJ\YI {' = '\'. K61 lu.)n r<'uIg chCll1g 1<.1 khlmg Ihe Iht.fc hi011 dUP'e ph0p I!"UYCIl D qua ph:"in Ill" (;61(J"i Ll:iu 1'.1. do d6 ph;.'li quay lai bu(ic IH~ Ill) 11 1 TIll.rc hi¢n phcp truycn D qua pkin ILr (;3. ChClllg la c6 gl.) Iri Ir011 duCmg (' == D ( \'1 gUt Irj eluting I' dii (lLn),c nghich delO lai h~lllg '1' ). dU(1ng I) = "1). Ilill1g d{)"i ranh gl6i f) bao g()lll phful IU I (j6 I: 1\) Wi. Tlll.l'l" hll~lI phcp ~uy di~n \,(1i lIhi:l'l1g ~I'\ 1["] \'(ra nh~lll dlH,1c. 1<1 C(l (I == I" = '1', ,I = '()', Ii ::: 'I': 11) 89. Do khfJng llhflll dlr~)'c gia Iri 0 (j dilu ra. ehll!lg la qu:.l~ lal bu6c !look [3) B4. Tl111c hi¢n thao lac Iruycn D qU"l ph:ln Il( (;6 chung la llh~ll1 du'O'c (' = D. dle hU(K Ill' bU'0C B5 den blf(l'c BX dIH.1C Inai b('"l; 14) 139. Do gill Ir! f) dU'0c Iruycn 16i dilu nt. h() gi,i Irj Ihll nghicll1 IIh:ll1 dmJc sc \il: x == \' = 1/ = \' = 'I'. NhU' v,"tv ehun" la lil:IV 1'<111" Ihufl1 ItKin PODEI\'1 h.h:1O S,ll t:tt e.i c,\c 16 .• b • b . hq'p C() th~ e6 ct'ta (thl "ao eho nen eo tht: lip dung Ihu:II lo,in n~ly ck I(~ng h0P de b() gi,i II"! tilll' nghicl11 d6i v6i ll1(li 161 1l;\llg s6 e() Illl: pl1111 hil'JI dUtl'c. Btlllg uteh ,tP dl.lllg c{1e IU:,11 I~ra cll\}n killle ni1au, chling ta e6 Ihe sLta dt'ii thtl:11 IO:1ll PODEM d~ co tilt nh~1Il c1u\,"iC cac Ihu(ll 10,tn hi¢u qUi' han. Cling giong nhu Ihu(11 loan D. Ihuflt Imin PODE;\l co th~ lip d~ng de \(~ng IWp de b(l glil Ir~ tilir nglllCll1 ph~\t hi¢n de I[li htlc du. §8.4. Plllrling ph{lp nu'> hlnh h6a It\i 1. Hili to:.'Il1 mil hlnh hoa i<'li Vi¢c lall ute \'ceta gi,i If! Ihtl' llghi~ll1 cit tIm l6i b,\ng de pluf(l'ng philP Ihu~11 \0<.\0 cho pilep ta Ih~re hi~n d6i wii 1l19i loi c6 Ihe' ph'll hi¢n dUl,fC. Nlur \'~ly co Ihe noi rfmg phUUllg phllp thuZlt toan IiI phuong phap t< Io \((to gi.i tr\ 277 lJUP11~l1h J.(\np U~!q Jilql ~ljl 9:'1 P.l nU~llp [l]1 'u\Jild !ljU ~) l}tjJ ::lll\llJ 1/ \~J,llp ~Y) ,(rtu Zli l(llLl n)u 9P 0(1 · (!?ltl J}I l~lu\ 3ut;q ~~I Qtu 1~)J1P n~~lj ~ . 0 un 'Hu )np :'1p 1I~.11 !.l\ 1~!" '!Q\ 1:9l\ l\llll\ 9111 u~lll :1illll . . ~lPl ':1!iQI 1~9lJ qUllJ QUI qupI !mb nqH )'l) '6u.onl nuIJ.:) 'flll()~' fluo\ 101 )?lll\ lIlI!lI 0111 1ju~.l\ \~nb l?o1j tlltll\' 'tr'H ltUm " ~u: ';3uos ~110S !I)J ~'.OllllUtli QUI d~!lld :-i1l.0Jllld "'[ "qt\I:.I\ qUI?:! !qll?~){\ qUIt{ qU! ur-qd '3u.o.nljd ">\ U)!P .(ns 1\1\ P~ll\l\Ulq QllI lh}'ld nu.onqu '~uos guos H2\ P.9lJ lJlIIl\ QU! uJ:ljd nuoJ1qd :!9\ !~()lJ qUIll \lU! 1I0!q :1illn ~p lJlI)tp ur-qu flu.o.nqd nll.Ql\u ll!;n 1I0!tli?u C" In ilu!'LJJ . .(I?U Jinu iluo.l,L 'J!i?O\ 1?01.\ ljuIll 9U1 qUlJl 1mb U0!ll Jilt\l ?P nT?qu 1l?lj"l d!?qu t:JlJI ilu.l}tju nl\lip J;ls ~ql 9:3 nt tlu1)lJ:1 ·I.\Ji?ll1 T?~J H)\ !q U~?q U~!qu Y),\ (9P U0!lJU (n1 '!Q\ lU)lP nU91.l'\ 1).\ !9\ 1~.1)l.p :d~)q gU\l.n.l1 !PIj ~l!n.1l lJ:)I~llI :1!TI9\ 1~~)lJ llUPl ()ll.\ lJU!.11 !mh lI:).lJ lU1P U!~q p:1 :;.\ !9\ ~~Olj lJH!lj 9uI dVqd gUDJlqd '."'.l.!ql I~l 511l1lJ:) ·J.~lnJI Dlp O\~,\ n~?p i.ll !;!~ .o\J;),\ 1~:l{U ~lInp J.IS \!~n\ I~~l]d :l.ll.np ,~q\ 9) ~9\ :l~~:1 ·tjlljp :l\,x U!;t\U ~u.o.nl]d ~\ !Sll "9q t\lllq 9111 dV'lu ~IID.nlJd ':)r'l'I. lP!?J ~~)~ ·\?X illH~P \(,1\ U0!tt l!?qu ul~nlilu .1,11\1 !.1\ !~!n .o\:l;1,\ \~\ IOJ :1.6.np 0\:'\ lll}P j.l\ l'~fi PI.l;).\ ."\.~! \ nqu 'nequ JVL\)j !',ll ]4 GU<)lJ'1 diH\ 03l!o.n.l1 iiUll.!\ '!A !Yl L1~!lJ l\?-nx dill\ ~tJ.Q.n.lJ 'GlIO.ll l\:11\lU P~;) r l n~,p j.1\ ~?!g .1!?J ::limp u~~lJu n>J.r :: '~)P 01)1.1 0\::.\ 1l1,p j.ll ~~!~ .up;:"!.\ \(Hll H).\ nUJ) iiunm !Ql \~J)lJ:l q:1\~Ul JIBQ\ \?91.\ lJUIq 9lU lL)~lJ :l.nlJl n iil1~l\p :\ll?S .11qu l1l)~ lll?'Bu ."\'\!l\ l[Ul-\1 J.onp ~t\l 9:l !91 P~lll lJl1111 OUI d!?lJ! l ;1l1.o.tllld 'un ~:lJ"l 0\'\\ 1~)1.l1 H)."\ !~)\ ,l.()np lI~!q \!~qu UV~lI 1lI?1.:1 \.lJlJl I(ll\l "<3Ull.11 d;;'l\U lllp 1\)\ !~lllJ qU~lJ ~llU d!:lJd ;;U.0.lll\J '\(2\ "sn\lJ\!~q t)U! In ~6j" U!~lJu thwnqu ,l!~.l llUlljJ .1,1:- .~lJ\ ~n U(::l 1~1 gll~l!.J.lIBtllll 6'1 03110.l1 'Ur()ll~mll m:lJ U\~I :lJ}qu ()p 9·\ 9P ll.F'\ I~,(nb )~~1"5 .XI 'lpbu ~U().n H~?q 0.1 ,))0\)\ .111 I!~}qd .)!~J "GU()J1\ 9~ n~J u0l o:1U\,!1 ils ~9,\ ()\ "q ,)~:q - )1"1 :lDq 0\ '~I ;:os Ul0~l\j"U .nq\ !.IJ !~~il 94 01'1 UP!~ !J?L]\ ',01 JJit\l ~unlJ lpi?1lI ;111.~H\l1 )9.\ !.08 'lpi?lll or::.\ P!n Ulmn J!n()\ J.II U\?qu ;1uilll\ 9s !9.\ 19P [llli llll!lJ Iljn] O:llJl iilln;:>s lU~!lJnU lllll \n \,!ii ()l\ oil) UI?)n ~Ql\l 'l~."\nql S\ O;)ql 'quIOl]u fi'uDI 0S !l)\I1~!lJ Wl]d !.ll l'~il ()q ()\~I 0P u\~1"G1QI.\1 '!?UlJ\ LjJl?UI 1?\1:) u\'q JJ}l.]u 9P 111)\ 'ryp ,'q) 19\ UlD lU0~l\fj'11 J:'lJl . . ~ 1l1(l hluh IllJ.l dIll \'('I'i /I \'ccIU ~l;ll]'i d;lll yilO 111<.)[ c.tcil ~Oll).! ~lllli' Tl h'l~ '\('1 \ I du Inae11 1]'('11 hinh S.:::2. DIll \,()'i 1ll.H;h n:1Y. \ ('Ii l1lP\ UI' lll;lY gt'IIll I (l-bit. 1<1 c() Ihe Ihue hi~n lju.t Irlllh 1m) 1111111 hl),] \()ng ,Ollt-' (kl! \'{!i \,t'1 ca Clic n:ct(j gl<i In lLll\ do. Trollg tnl'(m~ ill.l·p n;IY. c.le I\li ell thL' dU(lC !lICli dicil hang eJch thilYt 1;ljl co dplh etc gi,[ tn '(j". 'I' Ir('11 de dm\ng \In hl'~ll hi \()1. f-hong plu.1111l16c ";ll) gi;i Ir! (Llu \ :Ill. !Xii H)-I me.lell IrCll Illnh S 22, dllllig ta time hl~'n qU<llrillh ml) hinh 116:1 Ill! \'l)-i e,le \"l:l'Io' ~I:llq d:ILI Y:1U dUU'L hll:L1 di~'11 l]'cl1 dl' Ill' ll1:1~ S-hll: cele gl,i II"! llC:n ell' duung lill hll'u \,<1 Iren (i:!u r'l dU\lC hlCLl lhl'll Ilcn blnh S 21. (Ju.:i 1]'11111 IIll) hmh h(la d(ll \'('ii kn Il.Il1g "'11 \- (/-/ lr0n dw\ng Ii /i.// 1.'110 chung 1<1 Ih.yy: 1111 IliCU d'\lI r<l L"lla tllal'll 1:1 /) = ""O\OIOIU\". Tl"tlllg khl d6 d:ill ra Irollg Iruung h,l'P 1ll.,lell khllllg IlII i:J. I) == '"0101] [01"'. !'."Ilu' \,(Iy bil Ilui ILl' tloh III hen ph'll de! hi Ih:IY d(;1 d'l j(li hif. 'I'll' d6 wy ra h(l ~J,i Ir! ( d. h. (, if ) = ( lJ. (), L U ) El bry t'.l;\ If] lhu ll,ghlCl\l ph.it IH~n It'll hi J, \1~)1 cid1 l\l'(mg ILL la d1 Ill~ Illve Illcn qua Ifluh mll hloh hoa d()i \,{ii m!}1 It)i ct'J Ih~ ph,11 hi¢n dll'O'C kil.lL". 0ku t-',l,i Iri rlau r,1 lrong Inl'(mg IH/P tn',lch chll'a Illi kh,\c \'(ii d:iu ra ellC! n\lCh lrong IJ U'il'ng 11(.)'p mach khllllg b1 l()l Ihl chung la dl thc ke"1 IU:1ll rtmg h<) gl.i tr! d:iu do IU()llg ling 1:1 h() gl,; Ir! 1111'[ nghil"lll ph:il 11I0n 1\\1 a:OIIlW!01 c: I I I I (]IlOIl I I I I I (]O(]O I: I I I I (Ill I I IIIIIIII h:1I01 WOI ( f: I I I IIlIlIIIl I I I I IlOIlIl m.ll In I (lO(] I OIOIOIIlI c: ilOilO I I I I g: 1IIIIlOilli I I I I IlIiIlO n;()O(lO II ()() O()OIlOOOO d: OOll()Oon I h:IIIIIlOII IIIIIIII p:IlIllIIIOI 1l1OIOIOI ill i: II II Oil II IIIIIIII Y '" hi j:OOOOIIIO OIlOO I I III khull)." lili bi I()I ,,00001100 OOO()OOO() lIluh X.D. \i(l 11'11111 hOil ~ong ~()I\g C,1c i!l~l 1i'llt."ti1 l'ill)::l1 c.il' bid III d.ll1 \':l\1: h) gl:i II I tll:11C,ic ilUll'Jlg tillllil'Ulillllg tnrong hO[llw\ch ["'lldll~' 101 l'iI.JI cllll'.\ 101 Khi m(1 hlnh h6a IhcD phuong ph<.ip 1re'l1, clUing 1:\ IhdY c<.ic ,gi,i In d,]\1 \:10 thalll gia \,:tn qu,; Irlnh m6 hlnh hoa m()t ckh (1/)l1g Ih(\i Irl'n !<'II ea de bll Clla Ilr meiy do d6 plwo'ng phap n:IY gOl 1:1 /!Ul /rill/' /r(i(/ h;t 1'().; lUll l'lll! sung suug. Kh.ie v(l'i C<tch I:\ln tren. ChUllg U c() Ihe Ihue hi¢n qu,; Irlllh m6 hinh h6a Irl"n loillJ h() C<le l(\i chi Sll' dl.lug 1l1()1 b() gla lri d:iu 1:1. PhUO'll~ ph;ip n:ty gOI 1;1 m(l hinh l\()a 16i ",Ollg ,",ong. Cllllll~ ta !J;ty .\cl \'1 (ill mo hlnh hoa 16i ~ong song \'{'ii sci d6 mach tl"'::l1 hinh S.22. TuO'ng Crng \'(j'i phuong pll;ip m(l llinh hml Il1i SOI1~ song. ChLlI1g ta Ihtfe Ill¢n qU(l Irlllh 1116 hlnll h6a mot deh dong thtii \'6i de Il)]: 279 glO, gl L hiO. yo, JII, klO, kll, \TIl I; wang lmg \"6i h~) gi<l Iq chtll vao: ( it, b. c. J ) ::: ( L O. 1, 0 ). Trcl1 hinh :-\.24, Chll11g ta Ikty b(l );.1(\ tri d<.lu y:\o nhu nhau l cllllg btlllg "\010" ) d()i \'6'i tilt e,i uie h\1 nell tren. Cae ~.'I:t II"! dU9C stIr xe"p trong Il[ mCI)' lUting l'rng \'6i ( Ie \(}L tlk°l) trlnh t~l I1l'U Ifl'O. Sau f,:11l thlJC hi~n que\ 11"11111 !11() hillh ho;i 16gic \'(ii W:t C:l d.c \()i dJ cho. l"\lling la nhfm dW1C H1 may biC:u dicn de gia IIi dflll ra II :::: "II \ () 10 1\ ". 'fa Ilh~\ll IhS), ntng. trong I\w\ng hllp neu xua"' hi¢n de k)i a: 1111 I III dlOOOOQOO ,,01000000 Ill:O I OOlJ{IO I h: OOOOOOOli I:OllOOOOO(J j: III 0 I I II n1lllOI011 c: II III II I ~: 0 IIIOOOOlI k: 10111011 p:llllIiOll d : 1I00(J1Il I( I(J h :01 OOOliOO 1:0\ OOO(JIlO yy Hinh H.2 \. l\\C) hlnh hoa lui ~()!lg \Oll!:'. ktng s6 J(() ho(\c t:./O gi,i tri tIn hi0u d cHiu nt p khic voi gi,i Iri dilu ra ella nwch Irung Irul1ng 11(,1p kh6ng Cl) Il)L ( Irong Inlll'ng hLJP kh6ng co \oi, d~iu ra p nh,}n gi;i tri hAng 'I' lU(mg ling \'<.1i veclO' gi,i tfi (I:iu \',\0 •. to 10". con Irung 1nl'lmg iH.)P :>;U~\I hi¢n 16i.i(() hO(IC 1 10, d£il! ra I) nh;:m gi~ Iri btmg '0' ). Tlr d6 suy fil \'ccIO' gij Irj d iu <to ( 1. 0, \, 0 ) I~I \"(;:clCi gi,i Irj kicm nghi¢tn M ph:11 bi¢n de 16i h,'l11g ,,6.J!'O, k/IJ. Troll" IlhUIl" dieu kien thon" Ihu'on o , \'ll:C tilO ra de n;ctc1 01'-\ tri klcm t L" • 0 e e. nghl¢t1\ Ll6i y{ji lllQt :.6 hr\1ng Kin 161 str clung phlrong philp 1116 hl11h h6i\ 16i song song \'J. :'<lU (\6 :IP d~ll1g phlfdng pll<ip ll1() hinh ho,1 Ibi y6i d[iu yilt) "ong ~nng cho nh(}ng 16i dUla dU(1C ph,i1 hi~'n (;(')[1 lai IiI me)1 Ihu~lt lOan 1' 10 eSc Yce\o' .tll~i Ir~ ki~m nghi~lll de: ph:it hi¢n i6i c6 hi¢u qu,i nlo. H1nh tU5. Vi du Khi 1111,1(: hi~n pilu'("ing phap ml) hlnh h6a l{)j cung nhv khi tlwe hi¢n qua trlnh 1110 hlnh h6i\ logic ta co the : Lr dyng phlwng ph.ip bicn d~cb. Vi dy, Irnng mi.\Ch trcn hinh 8.25, d6i vlii philn tlr AND chung ta th{I)', bieu thlic ldgic P" cllo dU'0ng IIIl i1l9U (j c6 d'.l11g: P,,;;::O xu" + a l : Irong de): <1",;;::0 1 trollg tni0ng hqp gla lri dung trcn duong o~ ,1,,;;::0 0 tron)!, truling hqp ngu0c I~li~ <II:::: I kill thi~t li)p giu Ir! '\' Ir~lI c\u'ollg (/: a l :::: 0 trong nhu'ng tru'ong hqp khAc. Nlu1 V(I)', khi thi(t h~p gi<.! tr! '0' tren uUdng tin hi~u (/ ta co 280 III = all = 0:::::) V. = O. Tuong It! nhu v(ly. tren duang lill hi~u h: 1\= yo,. + hi: Chun" ta thuv rttn~ "ia tri trcil dUCIn" tin hicu c him" P f-' " tu do suv ra Hi,i eo. Leo· eo. eo "I . e tri tr211 duong tin hieu c c6 the viet du&i di lt1g bicu thue Il)gle sau: P~=(PJ\)C +CI: tXii \'6i phrin III OR, oieu thli'C logiC :-oC co d'.Iilt!: P.=(P, +Pd)CIl+C 1 : P d = ud" + I: Qua trinh mo hlnh ho;i neu tn:n duqc thuc llH:n b.ll1!! d.ch xrly dUll!! nhung hicu thii'c logic d6i voi nhfrng trang th,ii 16i eua uk ph'l\l tu 16gie \'J. tinh de gia tf! eua chung. Kili tinh de hieu logic btlllg nhii'ng phep to,-ln tren hit voi de tit' e6 do d~li nella gia tr! cac hien, ta co the th\t'C hien m6 hlIlh ho,( . ,ong song. Vi ch.1. doi mach trcn hinh 8.2S. de time hi¢n m6 hlnh hoa drill \':10 song song d6i voi 16i htll1g so c/(). chung Ia- dn dua ra cac gia tr~ eua tr,.mg th{li 16i y,\ Ircn co sii d6 xae d.inh bicu Ih(['c logic cua m'.Ich ( hlnh 8.26 ). Trang tnt'cl'Ilg heyp 1110 hinh hoa l()i song : ong ta dn ph,ii clua fa gia tri clla tn.mg Ih{li 16i ( hlnh 8.27 ). Trong d cI\1 doi \'6'i nweh Iren hlnh 8.25. chung la tlwc hil'n qua trlllll 1116 hinh h6a !l'ji song song ello de \l)i: u/(). (/1/, NO. hi I, ('/(). eli. dj(). elli d6i \"6i \'< :eto gi{\ Il"j dfill vao: x = y = 'I'. /I = '0'. Mo hlnh hoa drill vi:\O <;ong song: u 01010101 ,00110011 ),00001111 a 11111111 b 11111111 c 00000000 d 11111 III c 11111111 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 lIinh 8.16. ~ 1() hinh hoa lUI vt'1i d.c d ill vim \Ollf! wng elm mach trrlJ 1111111 8.25. u 00000000 ,x 11111111 y 11111111 a 00111111 b 11001111 c 11110011 d 11111100 e 11111111 01000000 00010000 00000100 00000001 00000000 Irinh 8.27. r-,j6 hillh hmi.16i ong \()llg elm mach tren hlnh 8.25 v6i veclO (till \';10 ( /I,.r, \,) == (0. f. f )cho C<le 16i £I/O. (/11, MO. hif, c/O. 1'/1. i/lI!. tI/I. 281 Khr su dl,mg phuong phjp hi0n d!eh lrong qUii Irlnh me) hlllh hoCl kH. chung la c\[1 ph{1ll h',lI1g dc ph:in IU 16gic ";1 IIH.re IH':ll Ihl'll Illnll llr L'lla c,\c bl~u Ih(rc 16gic. J. l\16 hinh h6a I()j suy dicn Trong plW\illg plulp m(l hillh h{l(l \(Si "ong "ong (1<1 nell Ir':n. dall 11<,:'11 chLlng la dua ra dc \'ccto gr,\ Ir! d{iu \':10. dc Itli \':t ~au d6 klC:lll II-a lh.i 11'-111g ph,il hi¢ll de It)! au'a ra billlg e:ie \'ccl(5 gi,1 If! dell! \-:10 dang .\.cl. Trollg IfU011g h0P !Iu,fc 11I~1l ki~lll Ira Ih~llIh c6ng. \'ccln gi,\ If! d,lu \;10 dang )'cl du'(.lc COl i~1 vceto' gi<.l tq kiC:m tra phul hi~n 16i da cho: n6u Ihue hI':]} Ill() hinl! hOiI l<:h kh()ng Ih:\nh e()ng. chung 1<1 ph,U tlwc 11I¢1l qu:t Irlllh m(l hinh Iw,; If)i eho be) gr,1 Irj d:iu V;IO "il h)i kh:tc. Nlnr VfIY, Irung phuung ph.ip me) hlnh hoj I(li n6i Iren, m6i quail h~ i(lgie gil}'a de I(\i ":1 de \'CL'IO' gl,\ If\ d."lLI \'i:t() khong dWK Ihie'L I;)p \'il do d6 hi¢u LJu,i eua qllj Lrlnll \,.\0 e<.ie b() gl;i Iri ki0m nghl~111 ph;II hi¢n I(\i kh()ng cao. tJe timg hl¢U qua ella IhU(lt lOan m6 hlnh h6a, chung La dua fa phU"()'llg phjp, Irong d6 !U'ong ung "O'i m()1 n.'clO gi:\ II"! d:iu \';to, ph;tl ph,il hi¢n 1<YI c;'\ dc lell Co the dUQ"C pilat hiGn bang b(,) gi;i Irj nilY. f)~ Ih~re hl¢ll du\)\ __ diell d6. chung la rb.'li Slf dl.lI1g dc rhcp 10<.111 suy di~n 1{lp hq"p dC: 111l,rc bi~n qU:I If JIll! Ill() hlnh h6a vii do d6 phu'cing ph'lp 11:IY duqe gt)i lit pilll'(l"lIg ph~lp m(J hillh b6a 16i su\' elien. n;.: dO'n giiin \'it et) Ihe th:ly rtJ dunc co che' ,uy di~n. chung la XCL \'1 till ph(ln ILr AND co b:1 (hlu ":10. N6u de dfiu \':\0 nh{lIl gi'I Iri (/ = '0'. I; = 'I', (" = 'I', d<.lU ra d ,,is l1h,~l[l gi,i Irj II = '0'. Til do ~uy ra de h~i h,\ng ,6 do \'celli gl{l Irj d<.lu \'ito ( u, h, (" ) = ( O. I, 1 ) ph,i! hi¢n dU~ie sc I~\: a/ l. dll ( chung ta Illull H,28. Vi <ill mo 11il111 lax! kJl SlIY die-n \,(jj ph[ill Itt AND cO ba ChIli \'ilO. 282 sc \'ie:'t gqn k)' bi~u h~r h:lllg ~(i .HI-\, IrC'1l uU'()"ng lin hi¢u s IiI sh Ihill\h s,). N0'u e,ic d:iu \';\0 EI {/ = ' I '. h = 'I'. c = '1', la c6 d = '1'. TLr dt'! suy nt, Wp 11lrp dc 161 h,'lllg .~(; dl 11)1.,< phat hi¢n (ILri,l'C b,\ng yccln' gi<.l If! d.ll! vito ( (/, h. (" ) = ( L 1. I ) sc 1:1 I till' 1;0' (li" dll 1. Ch(lI1g ta co Ihe nh:)n dU\1C I<.)p hop n:IY Ihcll nhung IU(lt sau: [...]... eua qua tr1nh tong hQ'p cae gia tei kiem nghi¢m voi slf tang t6i thieu so IUQ'ng cae philo tLI' m,~eh f a) x y Z - - - - r - - , 1 - r++ - b) x 110 Y 101 c, 100 01 0, 010 001 Z 010 0, 100 , c- 011 c, 0, 100 001 o1 °e 010 c) 011 07 C4 001 0, 101 001 Hinh 8.39 Phan ra cae ph[ill ttf nhicu dall vilo thanh Ole pldn ttr hai diiu vao: a) vi du mach tci hop: b) xay dung mach theo cAu tnk dang cay:... Do dl'l, pll'-i.n tif A:"JD co the dli'l,)"( kitlll tra boi btll k)' hai trang so de clay gii II'! dfiu v;\o sal!: S,,= I all, 101 , 110 I Trang truong hqp phan tiI OR \'i~c ki.hn tra co th0 du9'c hao dam blii h.:ft ky hai trong s6 de day gii trt duu VllO sau' S" = I 001, 810 100 I Dc e6 Ihe plli.lt hi~n dU'qc 16i dung cae dily gia Irj drill vaa neu Iren thl m . 8.25. u 00000000 ,x 11111111 y 11111111 a 00111111 b 1100 1111 c 11 1100 11 d 1111 1100 e 11111111 0100 0000 00 0100 00 0000 0100 00000001 00000000 Irinh 8.27. r-,j6 hillh hmi.16i. 'I'. /I = '0'. Mo hlnh hoa drill vi:O <;ong song: u 0101 0101 ,00 1100 11 ),00001111 a 11111111 b 11111111 c 00000000 d 11111 III c 11111111 00000000. 101 , 110 I Trang truong hqp phan tiI OR. 'i~c ki.hn tra co th0 du9'c hao dam blii h.:ft ky hai trong s6 de day gii trt duu VllO sau' S" = I 001, 810. 100