Express Review Guide - Spelling_05 docx

201 Commonly Misspelled Words 185 existence (ĕk-zĭs´təns) experience ( ĕk-pîr´ē-əns) extraordinary ( ĕk-strôrd´ĭn-ār-ē) familiar (f əm-ĭl´yər) feasible (fēz´ ə-bəl) February (f ĕb´yû-ār-ē) fi ery (fī´ ər-ē) fi fth (f ĭfth) foreign (fōr´ ən) forfeit (fōr´f ĭt) fulfi ll (fŭl´f ĭl) gauge (gāj) generally (j ĕn´rə-lē) grammar (grăm- ər) grateful (grāt´f əl) guarantee (gâr´ ən-tē) guidance (gīd´ əns) happily (hăp´ ə-lē) harass (h ə´răs) height (hīt) heroes (hēr´ōz) humorous (hyû´m ər-əs) ignorance ( ĭg´nər-əns) imaginary ( ĭm-ăj´ĭn-âr-ē) immediate ( ĭm-ēd´ē-ət) independence ( ĭn-də-pĕnd´əns) independent ( ĭn-də-pĕnd´ənt) indispensable ( ĭn-dĭs-pĕns´ə-bəl) insuffi cient ( ĭn-sŭ-fĭsh´ənt) insurance ( ĭn-shər´əns) intelligence ( ĭn-tĕl´ə-gəns) irrelevant (îr-r ĕl´ə-vənt) irresistible (îr-r ə-sĭst´ə-bəl) jealous (j ĕl´əs) jewelry (jü´ əl-rē) judgment (jŭj´m ənt) 6493_LE_Spelling(FIN).indd 1856493_LE_Spelling(FIN).indd 185 2/12/09 4:02:18 PM2/12/09 4:02:18 PM Express Review Guides: SPELLING 186 knowledge (nŏl´əj) leisure (lē´sh ər) length (l ĕngth) library (lī´brăr-ē) license (lī´s əns) lightning (līt´n ĭng) maintenance (mān´t ən-əns) manageable (măn´ ə-jə-bəl) maneuver (m ən-ü´vər) medieval (m əd-ē-vəl) millennium (m əl-ĕn´ē-əm) miniature (m ĭn´ĭ-chyûr) minuscule (m ĭn´ĭ-skyûl) miscellaneous (m ĭs-səl-ān´ē-əs) mischievous (m ĭs´chə-vəs) misspell (m ĭs-spĕl´) murmur (mŭr´m ər) muscle (mŭ´s əl) mysterious (m ĭst-îr´ē-əs) narrator (nâr´ā-t ər) necessary (n ĕs´ə-sār-ē) negotiate (n ə-gō´shē-āt) neighbor (nā´b ər) ninety (nīn´tē) ninth (nīnth) noticeable (nō´t ĭs-ə-bəl) occasion (ō-kā´zh ən) occasionally (ō-kā´zh ən-əl-ē) occur ( ə-kər´) occurrence ( ə-kər´əns) opportunity (ôp- ər-tün´ĭ-tē) outrageous (owt-rāj´ əs) parallel (pâr´ əl-ĕl) pastime (păst´īm) performance (p ər-fôrm´əns) permanent (p ər´mən-ənt) 6493_LE_Spelling(FIN).indd 1866493_LE_Spelling(FIN).indd 186 2/12/09 4:02:18 PM2/12/09 4:02:18 PM 201 Commonly Misspelled Words 187 perseverance (pər-sə-vîr´əns) persistence (p ər-sĭst´əns) personnel (p ər-sən-ĕl´) pleasant (pl ĕz´ənt) possess (p ə-zĕs´) practically (prăk´t ĭk-lē) precede (pr ə-sēd´) preferred (pr ə-fərd´) preparation (pr ĕp-ər-ā´shən) privilege (pr ĭv´ləj) probably (prŏb´ əb-lē) pronunciation (prō-nŭn-s ĭ-ā´shən) questionnaire (kw ĕs-chən-âr´) really (r ĭl´ē) receipt (r ə-sēt´) receive (r ə-sēv´) recognize (r ĕk´əg-nīz) recommend (r ĕk-ə-mĕnd´) reference (r ĕf´rəns) referred (rē-f ərd´) relevant (r ĕl´ə-vənt) repetition (r ĕp-ə-tĭsh´ən) resemblance (rē-z ĕm´bləns) restaurant (r ĕs´trônt) rhyme (rīm) rhythm (r ĭ-thəm) ridiculous (rē-d ĭk´yû-ləs) roommate (rüm´āt) safety (sāf´tē) scary (skăr´ē) schedule (sk ĕd´yû-əl) separate (s ĕp´ər-āt) sergeant (sâr´j ənt) similar (s ĭm´ə-lər) subtle (sŭ´t əl) succeed (sŭk-sēd´) 6493_LE_Spelling(FIN).indd 1876493_LE_Spelling(FIN).indd 187 2/12/09 4:02:19 PM2/12/09 4:02:19 PM Express Review Guides: SPELLING 188 success (sŭk-sĕs´) supersede (sü-p ər-sēd´) susceptible (sŭ-s ĕpt´ə-bəl) temperature (t ĕmp´ər-chər) twelfth (tw ĕlfth) tyranny (tîr´ ə-nē) undoubtedly (ŭn-dowt´ əd-lē) until (ŭn-t ĭl´) usable (yûz´ ə-bəl) usually (yû´zh əl-lē) vacuum (văk´yûm) valuable (văl´yû-b əl) vengeance (v ĕn´jəns) warranty (wôr- ən-tē) weird (wîrd) wherever (whâr- ĕv´ər) ANSWERS 15 Misspelled Words If you have made it this far in the book, you should be very proud of your achevements. You’ve acomplished quite a bit already and gained valuble experiance that will undoutedly be helpful in the future. The comitment you’ve shown to fi xing mispelled words and learning pronounciations is extrordinary. Have you been completing the exersises and gaging your performence? If you have been, then congradulations! You can allready consider yourself a sucess! 1. muscle. Remember that muscle has an s + c combination in the middle. 2. correspondence. Don’t forget the double rs and -ence ending on correspondence. 3. scary. Scary changes the silent e of scare to a y. 4. allege. Remember that there is no d in allege. 5. column. The silent n is the trickiest part of the word column. 6493_LE_Spelling(FIN).indd 1886493_LE_Spelling(FIN).indd 188 2/12/09 4:02:19 PM2/12/09 4:02:19 PM 201 Commonly Misspelled Words 189 6. millennium. Remember the two ls and two ns in millennium. 7. forfeit. Forfeit does not abide by the “i before e, except after c” rule. 8. feasible. Remember that the suffi x on feasible is -ible, not -able. 9. twelfth. Twelfth, fi fth, and eighth are the three sequence words that do not follow regular spelling rules. 10. narrator. Some people pronounce the word narrarator, but there is no second ar combination in the word. 11. supersede. The endings of supersede, exceed, and recede are easily confused. 12. usable. The word use drops the silent e when adding the suffi x -able. 13. occasion. Don’t forget the double-c combination in occasion. 14. miniature. The a in miniature isn’t always pronounced, but it still belongs there. 15. separate. This word is often misspelled seperate; just pronounce it sep- AR-ate in your head and you should remember the correct spelling. 6493_LE_Spelling(FIN).indd 1896493_LE_Spelling(FIN).indd 189 2/12/09 4:02:19 PM2/12/09 4:02:19 PM Express Review Guides: SPELLING 190 Game Time: Riddle Me This Solution 1 OCCAS I ON 2 HE I GHT 3 USABLE 4 APPARENT 5 KNO WLEDGE 6 IRRESISTIBLE 7 MILLENNIUM 8 FULF I LL 9 PERSEVERANCE 10 D I SC I PL I NE 11 PAST IME 12 I NDEPENDENT 13 ADDRESS 14 RECE I PT 15 BISCUIT 16 J UDGMENT 17 SCHEDULE 18 SUSCEPT I BLE 19 COLUMN 20 I NTEL L I GENCE Riddle: What is a dessert that bites? Answer: Shark-infested pudding. 6493_LE_Spelling(FIN).indd 1906493_LE_Spelling(FIN).indd 190 2/12/09 4:02:20 PM2/12/09 4:02:20 PM 10 A s you learned in Chapter 3, a large percentage of Eng- lish roots come from Latin. Latin forms the basis of many of the languages spoken in the Americas and Europe, a group of languages that is collectively known as the Romance languages. The Romance languages include Spanish, Portuguese, French, Italian, Romanian, and Catalan, a language spoken in a small European country called Andorra and parts of Spain and Italy. Although many of our words are derived from Latin, Eng- lish is offi cially considered a Germanic language because of its grammatical structure. Still, if you’ve ever taken Spanish, French, or Italian, you know that Romance and Germanic languages share a lot of similarities. Most people stopped speaking Latin regularly around the 1600s. It is still studied by many scholars and spoken in select circles—members of the Catholic Church, for instance, often use Latin in ceremonies and readings— but it is not the primary means of communication for any country or group of people on earth. For this reason, it is sometimes referred to as a “dead” language. By contrast, English is very much alive. In 2007 alone, more than 100 new words and phrases were added to the Merriam-Webster Collegiate dictionary, including smackdown (the act of bringing down an opponent) and ginormous (ridiculously huge). In this chapter, we’ll be taking a look at words that have come into English from a variety of sources, including foreign words, old words that are being used in new ways, and brand-new words that are just joining the language. The Living Language 6493_LE_Spelling(FIN).indd 1916493_LE_Spelling(FIN).indd 191 2/12/09 4:02:20 PM2/12/09 4:02:20 PM Express Review Guides: SPELLING 192 PRACTICE LAP In the following exercises, choose the word or term that correctly fi ts the defi nition. 1. noun: money due to a person or business a. insurance b. network c. product d. credit 2. noun: the crucial moment in a story a. climax b. anecdote c. vegan d. archetype 3. adjective: involving the common people a. globalization b. grassroots c. online d. viral 4. adjective or adverb: with one’s identity concealed a. anecdote b. incognito c. naïve d. implement 5. adjective: computer software or hardware that easily is used by some- one with limited knowledge a. keyword b. user-friendly c. résumé d. compatible 6493_LE_Spelling(FIN).indd 1926493_LE_Spelling(FIN).indd 192 2/12/09 4:02:20 PM2/12/09 4:02:20 PM The Living Language 193 6. noun: the specialized vocabulary of an industry or group a. jargon b. policy c. keywords d. corporation 7. verb: the process of entering information into a computer a. interview b. downloading c. rhetoric d. input 8. noun: the course of events in a story a. theme b. tone c. plot d. setting 9. noun: the program a user uses to look at fi les on the Web a. browser b. network c. search engine d. upload 10. noun: a phrase or saying that has been overused and, as a result, has little signifi cance a. spiel b. satire c. pun d. cliché Check your answers at the end of the chapter. How did you do? 6493_LE_Spelling(FIN).indd 1936493_LE_Spelling(FIN).indd 193 2/12/09 4:02:21 PM2/12/09 4:02:21 PM Express Review Guides: SPELLING 194 FOREIGN WORDS Although all English words were originally derived from other sources, cer- tain words have been adopted into the English language directly from other languages without any changes. Often, we have taken these words because there are no English words that carry the same meaning. Other foreign words are used in writing about history or politics. Twenty commonly used foreign words and terms are defi ned below. afi cionado ( ə-fi sh-ē-ə-nä’dō) n. a person who likes, knows about, and is devoted to a particular activity or thing. Jonelle has been a baseball afi cio- nado ever since she went to her fi rst game with her dad. amigo ( ə-mē’gō) n. friend. My amigo Carl goes to school on the other side of town. blasé (blä-zā’) adj. boring as a result of overexposure. This movie seemed exciting at fi rst, but it became blasé after the third car chase. bravo (brä-vō’) int. great job. Bravo! Well done! bourgeois (bôr-zwä’) adj. showing excessive concern for materialistic goods. Pete’s bourgeois values leave him always wanting more. cliché (klē-shā’) n. a phrase or saying that has been overused and, as a result, has little signifi cance. The lyrics to this song are full of meaningless clichés. connoisseur (kŏn-nō-sür’) n. one who knows a lot about a certain sub- ject. Fernando is a connoisseur of cheese. coup de grâce (kü d ə grâs’) n. the fi nal triumph. The Pistons’ fi nal coup de grâce was a game-ending fourth-quarter dunk. debut (dā-byû’) n. a fi rst appearance. The tennis player was nervous about her professional debut. déjà vu (dā-zhä vü’) n. the feeling that one has been in a situation before. I had a sensation of déjà vu when I saw my younger sister wearing my old jacket. entrepreneur (ŏn-tr ə-prə-nü’ər) n. a person who starts his or her own business. Being an entrepreneur can be risky because you never know if you will be successful. facade (f ə-säd’) n. a false front. I thought John had gotten over his dog’s death, but I learned later his happy face was just a facade. 6493_LE_Spelling(FIN).indd 1946493_LE_Spelling(FIN).indd 194 2/12/09 4:02:21 PM2/12/09 4:02:21 PM [...]... compatible (km-ptbl) connoisseur (kn-n-sỹr) content (kntnt) corporation (kụr-pụr-shn) coup de grõce (kỹ d grõs) credit (krdt) cursor (krsr) database (dt-bs) debt (dt) debut (d-byỷ) dộj vu (d-zhọ vỹ) department (d-pọrtmnt) digital (d-j-tl) diversity (d-vrs-t) download (downld) employer (m-ploir) entrepreneur (n-tr-pr-nỹr) exposition (ks-p-zsh-n) facade (f-sọd) gurative (fgỷr--tv) scal (fskl) 6493_LE_Spelling(FIN).indd... (-sh -- - nọd) amigo (-mg) anecdote (nk-dt) 6493_LE_Spelling(FIN).indd 207 2/12/09 4:02:24 PM 208 Express Review Guides: SPELLING application (p-l-kshn) archetype (ọrk-tp) balance (blns) bandwidth (bndwth) bankrupt (bnkrpt) benets (bn-ftz) blasộ (blọ-z) blog (blụg) blogosphere (blụg-sfợr) bourgeois (bụr-zwọ) branding (brndng) bravo (brọ-v) browser (browzr) clichộ (kl-sh) climax (klmks) compatible (km-ptbl)... (gg) gigabyte (gg-bt) globalization (gl-bl--zshn) grassroots (grs-rỹts) green (grn) hard drive (hõrd drv) hyperbole (h-prb-l) implement (mpl-mnt) incognito (n-kg-nt) incur (nkr) input (npt) insurance (n-shyỷrns) interpret (n-trprt) interview (ntr-vyỷ) irony (rn-) jargon (jọrgn) keyword (kwrd) laissez-faire (ls-z fõr) literal (ltr-l) login (logn) malaise (ml-z) mouse (mows) naùve (n-v) network (ntwrk)... sequitur (nn skwt-r) online (nln) outsource (owtsụrs) passộ (p-s) personication (pr-sn-f-k-shn) plot (plt) policy (pl-s) procedure (pr-cjyỷr) product (prdkt) protagonist (pr-tg-nst) pun (pn) 6493_LE_Spelling(FIN).indd 209 2/12/09 4:02:25 PM 210 Express Review Guides: SPELLING references (rfrn-sz) rendezvous (rnd-vỹ) rộsumộ (rzm) rhetoric (rtr-k) salary (sl-r) satire (st-r) search engine (srch n-jn) setting... the blank space 6493_LE_Spelling(FIN).indd 218 2/12/09 4:02:27 PM Posttest 219 31 silly + -ness = 32 compel + -ing = 33 romantic + -ly = 34 place + -ment = 35 thought + -ful = 36 lazy + -est= 37 enjoy + -ment = 38 ip + -ant = 39 reduce + -ible = 40 connect + -ive = PLURALS Correctly spell the plural forms of the following words Singular 41... thirsty interpret (n-trprt) v to explain the meaning of I dont know how to interpret the doctors writing irony (rn-) n the use of words to express something different from the literal meaning The irony of his nickname, Tiny, became obvious when I discovered he was seven-feet tall literal (ltr-l) adj the actual meaning The literal translation of his name means king. personication (pr-sn-f-k-shn) n the act... engine (srch n-jn) setting (stng) social networking (sshl ntwrk-ng) spiel (shpl) spreadsheet (sprdsht) stanza (stnz) sticky (stk) summarize (smr-z) sustainable (ss-tn-bl) text (tkstng) theme (thm) tipping point (tpng point) tone (tn) transparent (trns-põrnt) upload (pld) user-friendly (yỷzr frndl) username (yỷzr-nm) vegan (vgn) vendetta (vn-dt) viral (vrl) virtual (vrchỹl) ANSWERS d credit Insurance... as you learned in Chapter 3: glob-al-iz-a-tion You know that this word is related to the earth, and the earth is a globe, so you can guess that the base word of globalization is globe The other parts of the word are all sufxes: -al, -ize, -ation Chapter 6 taught you the spelling rules of adding sufxes; in this case, you have to drop the silent e on the end of globe and -ize Put all of the parts together,... caught at the climax of the story exposition (ks-p-zsh-n) n the part of the story that sets up the plot Important details about the story were revealed during the exposition gurative (fgỷr--tv) adj not literal Writers often use gurative language when writing about nature 6493_LE_Spelling(FIN).indd 196 2/12/09 4:02:21 PM The Living Language 197 hyperbole (h-prb-l) n intentional exaggeration It is hyperbole... (d-vrs-t) n a state consisting of a variety of different elements; often used in referring to race or ethnicity My new employer encourages diversity in the workplace globalization (gl-bl--zshn) n the state of extending to all parts of the globe, often used in reference to economic matters Some people believe that the globalization of companies and services is bad for local culture grassroots (grs-rỹts) . (hyû´m ər-əs) ignorance ( ĭg´nər-əns) imaginary ( ĭm-ăj´ĭn-âr-ē) immediate ( ĭm-ēd´ - t) independence ( ĭn-də-pĕnd´əns) independent ( ĭn-də-pĕnd´ənt) indispensable ( ĭn-dĭs-pĕns´ə-bəl) insuffi cient ( ĭn-sŭ-fĭsh´ənt) insurance. (mān´t ən-əns) manageable (măn´ ə-jə-bəl) maneuver (m ən-ü´vər) medieval (m əd-ē-vəl) millennium (m əl-ĕn´ - m) miniature (m ĭn´ĭ-chyûr) minuscule (m ĭn´ĭ-skyûl) miscellaneous (m ĭs-səl-ān´ - s) mischievous. (nīnth) noticeable (nō´t ĭs-ə-bəl) occasion (ō-kā´zh ən) occasionally (ō-kā´zh ən-əl-ē) occur ( ə-kər´) occurrence ( ə-kər´əns) opportunity (ôp- ər-tün´ĭ-tē) outrageous (owt-rāj´ əs) parallel (pâr´ əl-ĕl) pastime