4
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Vocabulary file: Personality adjectives
a Work with a partner Complete the table with these adjectives from the questionnaire
considerate stable emotional
competitive warm sceptical
talkative fonely good-natured
practical depressed quiet
traditional calculating calm
reserved sad cold
serious guilty shy
trusting co-operative nervous
tough outgoing curious
hard-headed optimistic sociable
Positive Negative Both
b Compare your answers with the class C Find words that are of similar meaning EXAMPLE
sociable outgoing
d Find words that can be opposites EXAMPLE
quiet —_ talkative
What kind of job would suit each personality
type?
1.6 Listen and check your ideas Do you agree with the ideas on the tape? Write a job advertisement
Work in a group Use the information in the questionnaire Choose a job and write an advert, without saying what the job is
EXAMPLE
We're looking for a -/ someone to work in our You must be (Give the qualities needed.) Ifyou think you have these qualities, write to:
(Give an address.)
Give your advert to another group to read and guess the job
Modern life 1
Language focus: Adverbs of frequency
@ Put these adverbs in the correct order from the least to the most frequent
normally sometimes always frequently hardly ever never often usually
Where do we put adverbs of frequency? b Complete these sentences from the questionnaire
with the correct adverb of frequency ! am optimistic about the future | feel shy
{ don't worry about things Cc Complete the rule
Adverbs of frequency go a main
verb, but an auxiliary verb or
the verb to be
vv Check in Grammar Reference 1.5
d Complete these sentences with appropriate
adverbs of frequency | can get up on time I'm honest
| like to be on my own, Stress isn't good for you
Peopte telephone at inconvenient times Introverts don’t enjoy parties
QOuhwnas
How often do you do things? Write eight
sentences about your life Use each of the adverbs of frequency in a
Compare your sentences with a partner
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Trang 2
Grammar
Talking about the past
Grammar in use Rules
1 Look at the photographs and 1 The article contains four tenses for talking about the past
headline of the newspaper article @ Underline positive and negative examples of each of these tenses
@ Where does the story take place? « the past simple ® the past perfect
b What do you think the story is about? ¢ the past continuous e the present perfect
C Read the article and check your ideas "Bb How do we form each tense? Find examples of regular and
2 whatd at thi hink h ei a? ? irregular verbs
w ° you ine BẸP me € Each paragraph of the article describes one of these things Which
a Did Chris win? Justify your opinion tense is used for each one?
b What do you think the two missing * Evenis before he made his gamble
parts of the text are? s The scene in the casino
c 2.1 Listen and check your ideas * The events of the gamble
d What do you think of Chris's gamble? * Events since the gamble to the present day
WITH £145,000 IN HiS POCKET HE
Mr All or Nothing
IT was carly afternoon on 14 January in the Las Vegas casino, At one of the tables was Chris
Boyd, a computer programmer
from London For three years Chris had saved every penny He had rarely gone out and he hadn’t spent anything on his house Finally, he had sold the house and with £145,000 in his pocket he had taken the plane to Las Vegas, Now Chris was sitting in Binion's Horseshoe casino, He was waiting to gamble the whole £145,000 on one spin of the roulette wheel A few other gamblers were standing around the table Among them was Chris’s friend, Tony Litt, Chris's girlfriend, June Hillhouse, wasn’t watching him, however, He hadn't told her anything about his plans,
Chris placed his bet on red, If the ball landed on a red number, he would double his money, If it
From PETER SHERIDAN In Los Angeles
landed on black, he would lose everything, ‘I’m ready to play,’ he said The wheel spun, The small white ball rolled and bounced around the wheel and finally landed on number 7 - The onlookers waited What would Chris do? ‘He didn’t do anything really,’ said one of the other gamblers, ‘He just smiled Then he stood up from the table, and left" The next day he rerurned to London, Since his all-or-nothing gamble, Chris has moved into a one- bedroomed flat, ‘The experience hasn’t changed my life,’ he told reporters, ‘but I've given up gambling, It was something that I wanted to do and now I’ve done it, So that’s ir.’
K THE PLANE TO LAS VEGAS
Trang 3Fortune 2
2 How do we make questions in these tenses? 3 Simon is talking about a risk he
@ Turn these statements into questions once took
1 He had sold his house a Put the verbs in the box into the past
2 His friend was watching simple, past perfect, or past
3 The ball landed on red continuous to complete the text
4 He has given up gambling
pull stand goout risk run realize go hold lie hear bum come hit look after say b Explain the rules for making questions in each tense
» Check the rules for past tenses in Grammar References 2.1, 2.2, and 2.3
Practice It happened three
1 Choose the correct form for each sentence years ago while I
1) When Chris landed / tras landed at London airport, some was staying at my
reporters waited / were waiting for him, because his friend sister's house She has telephoned | had telephoned them about what Chris and her husband
had done / did ———— on
2 Chris's girlfriend was / has been angry with him, because he holiday and I
hasn't told / hadn't told her about it ————- the house for them
3) When he got back / has got back to London, he moved / has One nightI _ alot of noise outside and I to see what was wrong The house moved into a small flat, because he liad sold / sold his house
4 Chris didn't gamble / hasn't gambled again since he has left /
left Las Vegas next door was on fire Smoke
and flames out of the
2 Here is part of an interview with Chris Boyd Write the upstairs windows A woman
questions, using the information in brackets shouted, ‘Help, help Tommy’s
still inside.’ Without thinking I
Interviewer ? into the house, but it
was no good Everything and it was terribly (How/ feel/ while/ sit/ at the table)
Chris Boyd _| felt quite calm
Interviewer _ ? hot Then, while I
(anyone/ watch/ you) there, something me
Chris Boyd Yes, my friend, Tony Litt, was watching and there on the back of the head The next
were a few other gamblers there, too thing that I remember I
on the grass in front of the house The fire brigade
me out of the house The woman was there and she
Interviewer ?
(tell/ anyone else/ about your plans) Chris Boyd —_No, I hadn't even told my girlfriend
Interviewer ? „ “IUs all right
(How/ save/ the money) Tommy’s safe.’ Then I
Chris Boyd _1 just hadn't spent anything for three years and that she ä cat.I
then I sold the house my life for a cat!
Interviewer ?
(What! dof when/ win) b 2.2 Listen and check your ideas
Chris Boyd [I can’t remember I didn’t do anything really 4 can you remember the last time
Interviewer 2 you took a risk?
(Why! dof it) a Tell your partner and answer any
Chris Boyd _It was something I had always wanted to do and questions that your partner asks
now I’ve done it b work with a partner Have you ever
Interviewer ? done any ol these things?
(the experience/ change/ your life) ® gamble a lot of money
Chris Boyd —_No, it hasn't, although I’ve decided to take a Jong win a prize
holiday be in an accident
Interviewer ? risk your life
do anything dangerous lose anything
have an exciting experience (gambie/ again/ since then)
Chris Boyd —_—No, I haven't I've given up gambling forever
Trang 4
Vocabulary
Dealing with new words
1 Here are a few tips for dealing with unknown vocabulary
e = Try not to use a dictionary while you are reading or listening, It makes things very slow
® Always try to guess the meaning of a new word first You often can’t use a dictionary when you meet English outside the classroom, so it’s a good idea to practise this,
© Only look up a word immediately if the word is vital to understanding the text
® You can use a dictionary afterwards to check your guesses
2 In the reading text you will need to work out the meanings of new words Here are some words that you might not know How should you deal with them?
© soggy and squeeze
You can probably guess the meanings from the context The woman put a piece of cloth in some water and it became soggy So what do you think soggy means? Then she squeezed the cloth to get the water out So what do you think squeeze means? You can use the dictionary afterwards just to check your guess
® lung, jaw, and pelvis
The context tells you that they are parts of the body, but there are no clues to their exact meaning However, you don“t need the exact Meaning to understand the text So for the
moment accept the approximate meaning (parts
of the body) and look up the exact meaning afterwards, if you want to
© survive
This word is important to understanding the text Look it up before reading further, © aisle and fuselage
You may work out the meanings of these words (parts of a plane), but perhaps you don’t know how they are pronounced Look up the phonetic transcription afterwards if you want to
3 While you are reading the magazine article, try to use these strategies Then discuss how you got on with your partner or the class
18 Reading | survived! z
Look quickly at the magazine article and answer these questions
1 Whois the story about? 2 What nationality is she? 3 What happened to her? 4 Where did it happen?
Read the article Mark the sentences True (/) or False (x)
Monika and Johan were married They lived in Burma
They were going to the beach for the weekend They almost missed the plane
The plane crashed at night time
Only Monika and Johan survived the crash The rain helped Monika to survive
She was able to walk around the plane
as
auw
Rw
N
Look at the story again Make notes under these headings:
© things that make the story particularly tragic © problems that Monika faced in the wreckage e things that helped her to survive
© problems that she faces now
Discuss your ideas with a partner or the class A reporter interviewed Monika to write the article
Work with a partner Write a list of the reporter's questions
One student is a reporter One is Monika Roleplay the interview
Discuss these questions
1 How did you feel when you read Monika’s story? 2 Why are we interested in stories like this? 3 Air travel is one of the safest forms of travel It’s
much safer than going by car, for example So why do people worry more about air travel? Why do plane crashes get so much publicity?
Vocabulary file: Synonyms
Match the words from the text to the meanings
bounce broken
shudder move slowly
fractured wet land
soggy very wet
creep leave
work out shake
set off calculate
swamp move up and down
Trang 5
Three months ago | flew to Myanmar (Burma).to be
with my boyfriend, Johan
He worked for an international bank and he was helping to set up a branch of the bank in
Rangoon Johan wanted to go for the weekend to the
beautiful old city of
Mandalay | was very excited | had a feeling that he would ask me to marry him and | knew that
| would say yes | loved him very much We had got the last
two seats on the flight to Mandalay and on Friday afternoon we set off for the airport in a taxi We were the very last Passengers to
check in, but
* we made it with only five minutes
to spare
Our seats were near the back of the small plane
and | was next to the window There were about
25 other passengers The
sky looked very black as
we took off, and
throughout the flight, we
kept our seatbelts
fastened Twenty minutes later we flew into a
terrible storm The plane tolled, bounced, and
shuddered in the violent © turbulence We were both
very scared,
! can't remember anything after that until | opened my eyes | didn't know
where | was Slowly |
realized that the plane had crashed, | was in terrible
pain and | couldn't move ‘Johan,’ | called, but he
didn’t reply It was dark, but | knew that he wasn't in his
seat,
i heard groans and ï worked out that possibly six other people were still alive When daylight came, | could see all the bodies around me
in the wreckage Johan
was on the other side of
the aisle, but 1 knew that
he was dead
After a day or two the
other voices stopped and ! was alone But the rescuers
didn't come ‘They must
When the small plane crashed in the Burmese jungle, Monika
° ai Kamphuis, 31, from the Netherlands
Strength - Monika's will to
lve helped her pul though Was the only survivor
be on their way,' | told myseif | didn't know that we were ina swamp in the
middle of a jungle and
that the helicopters couldn't fly in the heavy rain Outside the window the flood water was creeping slowly up the side
of the fuselage, But that
water saved my life | knew that dehydration
Was a great danger ! tore
a piece of cloth from my clothes and | pushed it
through the broken
window into the water Then | pulled the soggy
cloth back in and squeezed
the dirty water into my mouth That whole operation took twelve hours, Later ! found a piece of metal and | used
it to scoop up water
Fortune 2
This is her amazing story
At night the mosquitoes
came | was terribly hungry
and | slipped in and out of
consciousness, Then |
heard voices, ! pushed my hand out of the window
and amazingly someone grabbed it
The rescue team had
arrived , nine days after the crash They took me to a clinic in Rangoon and
from there to a hospital In Singapore
1 had a collapsed Jung, a fractured Jaw, and my pelvis, my left ieg, and all the toes on my left foot
were broken
! still dream that I'm in the
wreckage with the insects
and the snakes | can‘t
accept Johan's death I like
to believe that he survived
through me | want to forget everything about
his death and remember everything about his life
Trang 6
Listening and speaking
Catching up on news 1 You're going to hear a
conversation between two old friends who haven’t seen each other for a long time What do you think they will talk about?
2 2,3 Listen and answer the
questions
1) Who are the two people? Where did they last meet? How long ago was it?
What job does each person do? Who are John and Clara? Who is Harry Clarkson?
VI
Hà
MỞ
hở
3 what has happened to the two
people since they last met? Write their names in the table,
on Tick (7) the things they have done Cc 2.3 Listen again and check your
ideas
Name
put on weight work in the same place have several jobs get married make a lot of money work abroad have children be promoted be a teacher be divorced buy a house stop smoking become famous move to London
4 Discuss these questions
I) What do you think that each person envies or admires in the other person's life?
2 What wouldn't they envy or admire?
3) Whose life do you find more
attractive?
20
Trang 7
Conversation pieces: Responding to news
a Work in pairs Complete these expressions
Weill, welll heavens! i sbelieve it! |
You know it is
That's the it goes
These things
it was just one of those
Wow! That exciting
Good youl
Oh, how !
I'm to hear that
Sounds
Yes, / you must be,
2,3 Listen again and check your ideas, C Write these headings above the correct set of
expressions: Saying: ‘That's life."
Responding to news or information Expressing surprise
d_ Find expressions in tapescript 2.3 which mean the same as:
I'm really pleased to see you again The time has gone very quickly What are you doing now? I'm really going to iry it We had children
My wife is expecting another baby it went wrong
Roleplay the conversation, using tapescript 2.3
‘Ieome from a long line of failures, but T ant the first one in the family to become a total failure.’
fee r
Fortune 2
71
Language focus: used to
@ We can use used to to talk about the past Look
at tapescript 2.3 and find examples
b When do we use used to? How is it different from the past simple?
» Check your ideas in Grammar Reference 2.4 C Complete these sentences with used to to make
true statements about Kathy and Bill be married
work with Harry Clarkson be slimmer
teach English
talk about becoming a teacher live in Birmingham
au
hun
—
d_ Write down four things that you used to do or have Tell your partner
coal
Imagine that you meet an old friend after five
years,
Work with a partner Decide together what your lives used to be like
On your own, decide what has happened in the last five years Think about:
* work or study ® family ® house
*® mutual friends
Make the conversation with your partner Greet each other and talk about your lives since you last met Write a letter to a friend Bring them up to date with your news and ask about theirs
100 Roman Way Repton
Derbyshire DEG5 6GD
Dear
How are you? I’m 60 sorry that | haven't written for such a long
time, but I've just been so busy
Trang 8
Pronunciation
Vowels; /o/ in words
1 The IPA: Vowels
€@ Look at the list of IPA symbols on the inside back cover, Match the words to the correct vowel sounds
three ‘of look fo flat fal done href want ñ roll fel save if boy tui earn fa:/ part /au/ year fev
b What are these words? /kem/ mĩ:d/ /wa:ki đau/ /daz! /spt/ /drsard? fba:t/
Cc 2.4 Listen, check your ideas,
and repeat
2 /a/ in words
a 2.5 Listen to these words and answer the questions
1 Where is the stress in each word? 2 How are the endings -al, -tion,
“Our, -ait, -er, -Fe, -ure pronounced?
Why? `
natural colour station important furniture centre expedition final over
weather wider theatre future
b 2.5 Listen again and repeat
22
Extension: Reading and listening
1 Look at the title of the article and the photographs @ What do you think the story is about?
b Discuss your ideas with the class
2 Read the article and number these events in the correct order,
CJ make a lot of money CI start a new venture go scuba-diving for treasure CI work in Oklahoma
give up his job CI talk things over with his wife
make a discovery C1 move to Florida
C1 sell the company
3 Read the story again
€@ What do you think the ‘crazy idea’ was? Work in groups and discuss your ideas,
b 2.6 Listen and check your ideas
4 what was the significance of each of these items in the
story?
đ ten cents ôe 80,000-I100,000
đ washing machine â Hawaii
đ neighbours « half price
° 2,500 @ yacht
Vocabulary file: Phrasal verbs and idioms Find expressions in the text which can replace the words in this list
41 didn't reach 6 leave
2 began his working life 7 arisk
3 tried 8 my job was
4 trying to find 9 succeeded
5 discussed
5 what happens in the factory?
@ Put these verbs in the correct order
pack whiten sell count unload dry
spray with an acrylic clean take out send
b What happens to the ones that aren’t used? c 2.6 Listen again and check your ideas 6 Look at the story again
@ Answer these questions 1 Is the golfer Jim Reid? 2 > Why does Jim smile? 3 What do you think of Jim?
Were your first ideas about the story right?
Trang 103 Your future
Grammar
Talking about the future
Grammar in use
1 dialogues Discuss these questions 3.1 Read and listen to the 2 Complete these sentences with the correct subjects are arriving at 2 o‘clock
1 Who are the people talking? will call back later
2 What are they talking about? is going ta win the race
is going to have a party
will put more money into education can’t come to the phone
is meeting some visitors tomorrow
Saw hwn =
And here comes Karlsson The others are at least ten metres behind her This brilliant young athlete is going to win and
we're going to see a new world record
Hallo, it's David
Is Jane there?
"What are you doing
tomorrow, Claire?
Yes, but she's
in the bath,
I'm meeting those
visitors from France,
37
Oh, well, (call back
in about half an hour
That's OK They aren't
arriving till 2.00 Can we
get together at 11.007 es I'm going ta
What are you going to do SN have 2 party
for your birthday, Sandy? 7” And what will your government do about unemployment?
We will put more money into
education and training and
Trang 11Rules
1
a
on
There are three main ways of talking about the future Look at the table
Next to each use, write the number of the dialogue
which illustrates that use
Match each use to the correct form
Dialogue | Use Form
number
a general prediction gaing to a plan or intention
a prediction with
present evidence the future with will an arrangement for a specific time in the future the present continuous with a future a spontaneous decision | time expression
Look at each dialogue again Explain why each form is used
Sometimes more than one future form is possible It depends on the emphasis we want to give Could any of the other forms be used in the dialogues? Check the rules for future forms in Grammar References 3.1 to 3.4,
Practice
1 Some of the future forms in these sentences are incorrect Find and correct them
1 A Are you doing anything this afternoon? B Yes, Vil play tennis
2 A Ican’t find my pen
B_ Oh, I’m going to help you look for it 3 Inthe future I believe that people are living on
Mars
4 A Shall we go to the beach? B No, it’s raining this afternoon 5 If I see David, I'll invite him to dinner
Will you go to Sarah’s party on Saturday? Yes Is Alma going?
Are you really going to leave your job? Yes, I'm going to tell my boss today
Isee they've knocked down that old factory What will they build there?
They'll make it into a shopping centre Will you be in tomorrow morning?
No, Ili go to the airport at 10.00 My parents
are going to arrive at 12.30 Where are you going?
I'll visit my grandmother
„ mm © wp ow 10 a> Your future 3
Complete the conversations
Put the verbs in brackets into an appropriate future form Sometimes more than one form is possible Sally’s car
Monday
Meg Hi, Sally (do) anything
tomorrow?
Sally I (go) to the dentist’s in the
morning, but I (not do)
anything in the afternoon
Meg Do you fancy a game of tennis about 2.00?
Sally OK 1 (see) you about 2.00
at the park
Tuesday morning
Sally Oh! The car won’t start!
I (have to) to get the bus,
but I {be) late for my
appointment
Mother If you hurry, you {get} the
10 o’clock bus I (phone)
the dentist’s and say that you (be) fate
Tuesday afternoon
Meg Hi, Sally, Where’s your car? Sally it's broken down again, and it
(cost) a lot to repair I (sell) it
Meg (get) a new one?
Sally No, I can’t afford it I (get)
a bike instead
Meg Well, that
Sally It certainly will, and I
(save) a lot of money, too
Meg OK So (play) tennis?
Sally Yes I’m ready when you are (keep) you fit
3.2 Listen and compare your answers
Work with a partner Ask and answer about the future, using appropriate future forms
after the lesson? on Saturday night? for your holiday next year? when you retire?
on your next birthday? at the weekend?
when you have finished learning English?
EXAMPLE
A What are you going to do / doing after the lesson? Bof'm not sure 1 think ll go to the café
OR
B I'm going to the cinema
Trang 12
Reading
2050
What do you think the future holds for the world in 20507 Work with a partner Make some predictions
Discuss your predictions with the class
NOD
=
Look at the twelve texts, There are six predictions for the twenty-first century and six likely results, Read the texts and match the predictions to their results
i Language focus: Expressing probability wT
Most of the predictions in the texts are definite The earth's climate will become warmer, However, the results are less definite
We might see wars over the contro! of rivers and lakes @ Find five different ways (3 modal verbs and 2 adverbs) of
showing that the results are not definite
b Put the verbs and adverbs in the chart
most likely least likely
P € m
m _—_——— P
C Look at texts A and J, Where do the adverbs go in relation to the verb?
» Check your ideas in Grammar Reference 3.5
3 According to the texts, what could happen to
@ the United Nations? ® the tiger?
® the industrialized countries? s® the environment?
® Africa? ® wWaler?
e banks and offices? @ cars?
Vocabulary file: Word association
Match a word in column A with an associated word in column B
A 8
control decline
climate genetic engineering
agriculture extinct
succeed - drought
anima! famine
increase petroleum
old people power
scientlst fail oll pension cel 26
4 Discuss these questions
@ Compare your ideas [rom 1 with the predictions in the text, Are any of them similar?
b Which predictions in the text do you agree with? Give your reasons € Which of the ideas do you find
© the most encouraging? © the most worrying? đâ the saddest? đ the most important?
5 Write your own predictions for
the future
€@ Work in groups Discuss one of these
topics: society communication medicine the environment international relationships space travel
b Write about what will happen and what the likely results will be
‘When you replace the hip is there any chance of replacing the rest of hint at the same time?’
Trang 13
The world's Population will increase’ it from the Present 6 billion 10
billion Most of this ị t )
IS Increase will eS nammels mey
in Africa, Asia, and Latin Amefieo `
At the same time, h '
@, however, the
acome extinct in the wild And some, @ nụ " `
such as tigers and black rhinos, will | : apensive social problems of a your
possibly survive only in zoos F This could praduce a change in the sẽ ee " could decline, 0Clely ~ crime, drugs, divorce —
international balance of power, as the a countrles in these regions demand
more control in international
organizations like the United Nations: 7 H
and the World Bank ® 3 But this prob ally won't matter,
because scientists will use genetic engineering to produce oil from plants like sunflowers
G In the industrial r vn ized col
The costs of Providing pensions uniries there € more and more ald People
Attempts to produce an electric vehicle and medical care fo K_ The future looks bad for the world’s
will fall and we'll continue to Use our steeply, animals We will continue to destroy
normal cars Around the middle of the huge areas of the rain forest and
century, however, the world's supplies yo .4, other important natural habitats
of petroleum will run out, :
§ H.WIth new technology people wont
ce ; need to be inthe same place to ee communicate easily They'll be able
to stay at home and do everything
by computer and videophone r them will rise
DB
Mi lar a be serious racial conficts Patterns of work may change People
‘try and tind fon ie People move to might decide that they don’t actually
¿8 Valuabl » Water will become need to go to banks, offices, schools,
ee tice and we might ae universities or shops, any more
Trang 14
Vocabulary
The weather
1+ Match the words and symbols
snow th sunshine fog hail rain cloud frost wind ice temperature
sleet thunder and
lightning 2 Now match these adjectives with types of
weather Each adjective can be used more than once
heavy light thick strong high low
3 Here are more adjectives for describing the weather
fine wet dry sunny hot cold
warm cool windy = rainy stormy
cloudy dul humid clear 'bright
@ Which adjectives do you normally associate with
@ holidays? © Christmas?
° Britain? © March?
ø Australia? @ November?
ø© Russia?
b 3.3 Listen to the weather forecast Which types of weather are mentioned?
4 What's the weather like?
@ Match the words with a suitable verb to describe a change in the weather
rain warm up a bit
a bit dull calm down
rather chilly stop
windy brighten up
sunny cool down
foggy clear
very hot cloud over
b Work with a partner Make conversations about the weather, using the information above and these
expressions
now at the moment soon
You never know 1 think later
EXAMPLE
A What's the weather like?
B it's raining at the moment, but I think it might stop soon
28
Listening and speaking
Making plans
1 Look at the photographs What are the people doing?
a 3.4 Listen You will hear seven conversations
In the first column of the table, write the letters of the photographs in the correct order
Activity Weather Action
NOU
A
WN
b Compare your answers with a partner Answer
these questions
1 What is said about the weather in each case? 2 What do the people decide to do?
Cc 3.4 Listen again and complete columns 2 and 3 of the chart