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The media 61 MEANING RELATED WORDS J 14 Here are several other items you may find in newspapers or magazines. What would each of them consist of? obituaries small ads share prices announcements results service strip cartoons pin-ups programme listing ACTIVATE 1J Work with a partner to suggest the contents, layout and design of your ideal newspaper. How many pages would it have, what would it contain, what wouldn't it contain, how much space would be given to what, etc? lu What would you do in each of the following dilemmas? a You are reporting on a war which your country is involved in. Military censors control your movements and check everything you write in case the information you give is helpful to the enemy. But you believe that people should know what horrific things are going on b Your editor has told you to get an interview by whatever means with a filmstar whose son was recently killed in a road accident. You unexpectedly recognize her sitting in a church . . . c You receive a letter from someone who claims to have had an affair with the president, suggesting a meeting - and a payment of $5,000 if a story is published WORD USE IDIOM AND METAPHOR ll Explain the following headlines. Which reflect problems that exist in your country? CHRONICLE PHOTOGRAPHER ACCUSED OF INVASION OF PRIVACY Clarion editor on libel charge as industrialist sues MURDERER'S WIFE SELLS STORY TO PAPER FOR £25,000 Right-wing bias dominates popular press, says PM 'My life's in ruins after newspaper allegations'says singer 62 The media FOCUS WORDS advertise ^^^ forecast (n) advertisement forecast (v) aerial forecaster article headline astrologer horoscope broadcast (n} host (n) broadcast (v) host (v) broadcaster listing censor (n) live censor (v) news censorship obituary chair (v) pin-up chat show present column presenter columnist programme commercial publish crossword publication crossword compiler quiz game daily record (v) documentary report (n) edit report (v) editor reporter >««.» ^^^H editorial review (n) JBJ^^B ^fibre-optic cable review (v) WORD CHECK Refer to Focus Words only. 1 Which words in the list do you reviewer ' satellite satellite dish section share prices signal (n) sitcom situation comedy > small ads soap opera star (n) star (v) "- strip cartoon supplement transmit transmitter TV set TV station weekly JBBl iH find most similar to the corresponding words in your own language? Which seem to be similar but are in fact different in meaning and/or use? 2 How many different items from the list can be found in newspapers or magazines? 3 Using a dictionary if necessary, try to explain the origin of two of the following words: broadcast crossword documentary pin-up soap opera 4 Several of the words in the list Which of these jobs would you are jobs in the media world. prefer to have? Why? i 6 Politics 1 Complete the following questionnaire in groups. THE POLITICIAN QUESTIONNAIRE 1 Tell the others about a politician (living or dead) who you admire. 2 Think of three adjectives to describe politicians who you admire. a ; b c - 3 Think of three adjectives to describe politicians who you don't admire. a . b_ 'c ' 4 Would you like to be a politician? Why? Why not? Discuss your answer with a partner. 5 What are the arguments for and against a political career? Record the arguments in the table below. For Against 64 Politics USING DICTIONARIES DEFINITIONS L Match these words with their dictionary definitions. a democracy b totalitarianism c monarchy d dictatorship e oligarchy f tyranny g police state government by a small group of people, often for their own interests government by the people or the elected representatives of the people derog a country in which most activities of the citizens are controlled by (secret) political police a political system in which every citizen is subject to the power of the state, which exercises complete control a system ruled by someone with complete power, especially if that power was gained by force the system of rule by a king or queen the use of power cruelly and/or unjustly to rule a person or country Can you give examples from history or current affairs of any of these types of government? MEANING CONNOTATION w Decide where these words should go in the diagram. The first one has been done for you. anarchist capitalist communist conservative fascist liberal nationalist socialist social democrat state control extremist moderate individual responsibility Is it difficult to decide where to put the words? Why? Why not? Where would you put yourself? Politics 65 WORD FORMATION PARTS OF SPEECH ACTIVATE 5a Choose one of the characters on the right and argue in favour of their political point of view. Convince your neighbours. b Write a political slogan which each person could use on posters telling the people how 'good' they are. a Complete the chart with words from exercises 2 and 3 where possible. Noun (concept) democracy Noun (person) democrat Adjective democratic b Now use the right form of the words in these sentences. i We should always fight to maintain our (democracy) institutions. in any form. It never solves H I hate (extremist) anything. I am all for (moderate) ifi The spectre of (totalitarianism) troubled country. rule hangs over this .you iv For someone who is supposed to be a (radical) seem to have a very (conservative) way of thinking. v What we need in this country is (socialist) . We don't need a (monarchy) sitting on a throne telling us what to do. 1 JoNichol Anarchist 5 Paco Pendi Dictator 2 Gloria II Monarch 3 Mark Tango Fascist 4 Sal Rodd Socialist 66 Politics WORD USE METAPHOR 0 Explain what each of the speakers is talking about. -—^ ^ 'o Oh I think she's quite x liberal in her views except when it comes to her own f _ children. There's complete anarchy in our household. c Let's make a fairly conservative estimate. We don't want to go over the top! d I remember my grandmother. She was a real tyrant. L a Does your country have similar types of politician? How are they different? b Politicians often have to resign. What reasons might there be for this? Yeah. The head teacher's a real fascist*. g There's no reason to be so dictatorial ; sabout this. Surely we can discuss the ithjation. In Britain there are three main types of politician. Councillors Members of Parliament Members of the House of Lords They are elected locally to represent the different areas in the region. MPs are elected to form the national government. There is one representative from each of the 635 different areas - or constituencies - of the country. The party with the biggest majority forms the government. The other parties are 'in opposition'; they try to persuade the government to act differently, on many occasions. The House of Lords is an unelected body: the members are either created by the government or inherit their title. Politics 67 WORD USE COLLOCATION 0 Match the verbs with their complements. Tick the boxes. MEANING 9 a Look at the chart on the right and check the meaning of the words in italics. b Fill in the blanks in the chart with the following words. selected nominated election stand for represent councillor cabinet candidate opposition stand for stand as nominated by represent resign from THE GETTING-AHEAD-IN-BRITISH-POLITICS CHART 1 You are by two members of your local party. 9 You are a 1 1 You become leader of the council. 10 You are a member of parliament so you your constituency. 14 You become a member of the shadow cabinet. 16 You become leader of the 15 You become a member of 17 You become prime minister. 68 Politics ACTIVATE 1U Look at the chart again. How is the system in your country different? What similarities are there? MEANING RELATED MEANINGS 11 Can you tell the political story of your country or another country you know over the last few years? Use the phrases in the box to answer the questions. vote in favour of/against a tied vote a casting vote a vote of (no) confidence abstain a What do you do if you don't agree with a motion or a bill? b What is there if someone wants to bring down the government? c What do you do if you don't want to agree and you don't want to disagree? d What happens if the Yes and No votes are equal? WO R D U S E 13 Which of the words go together? Tick the boxes. COLLOCATION sensational landslide crushing humiliating slim small unassailable large overwhelming victory defeat majority Politics 69 ACTIVATE a Use words from exercises 12 and 13 to fill in the blanks in the text. The Downfall of Chairman George George was very confident. He thought that he had an a) majority on the committee and so he was not worried when Jack resigned. But to his horror Maureen Washington stood for election and, with her radical politics, won a b) victory, completely defeating her main rival. As soon as she arrived on the committee she began to cause trouble; votes on this, votes on that. Whatever George advised them to vote in favour of, she c) . And as the weeks went by others began to support her. Finally, some weeks later, at the end of a long discussion, there was a d) vote with half the members voting one way and half voting the other. Of course George saved it by using his e) , but it was the beginning of the end. Ten days later Maureen tabled a vote of f) and in the wake of his g) defeat George had no alternative but to resign. He felt bitter and betrayed and went off to live in his luxury villa in Santa Lucia. But the rest of us felt saved. b Can you invent a scenario to fit the facts in this story? What was the committee for? Why did the narrator feel relieved when George resigned? It) Explain the stories behind these headlines. Police state allegations denied GOVERNMENT MAJORITY W1ATC r rtr¥7' ^n, T WINS THE DAY FROM COUNCILLOR TO ELECTION HUMILIATION FOR DISGRACED MINISTER •—•-«•«. •*-»• J- • -M. **^ ^_*- ^_/ j. ^ ^> M. M-tJLu ^_f i% M. \_/ CABINET MINISTER IN JUST FIVE YEARS COUNCILLOR'S LANDSLIDE ^TOPV STUNS RULING GROUP COUNC1LLUK a j^m^j^^*-" VICTORY STUNS RULING . — Shadow Minister alleges sell-out by Party Leader 70 Politics FOCUS WORDS abstain anarchist cabinet candidate capitalist casting vote communist conservative constituency councillor crushing defeat democracy dictatorship election extremist fascist House of Commons House of Lords humiliating landslide liberal majority Member of Parliament moderate monarchy MP nationalist nominate oligarchy opposition overwhelming parliament (political) party police state politician represent (a constituency) resign FOCUS PHRASES be dictatorial about complete anarchy conservative estimate liberal/conservative/radical in your views sensational slim social democrat socialist stand as (a candidate) stand for (parliament) state (n) tied vote totalitarianism tyranny tyrant unassailable victory vote (v) (in favour of/against) vote (n) vote of (no) confidence WORD CHECK Refer to Focus Words and Focus Phrases only. 1 Find all the nouns which refer to: a people (e.g. anarchist) b political institutions (e.g. The House of Lords) ( abstract concepts (e.g. democracy) 2 Choose two or three of the Focus Phrases and use them to describe people or families that you know or know of. 3 How many nouns can you find with this stress pattern: • ? 4 ls.it possible to construct a sentence which includes all the verbs in the Focus Words? [...]... your categorizations? 2 Construct sentences which include: a one noun (phrase) which describes a person b one verb (phrase) ( one noun (phrase) which describes a place 3 Which of the words from the list do you find: a easiest to pronounce? b most difficult to pronounce? 4 Which words in the list: a are like words in your language and mean more or less the same thing? b are like words in your language,... \scarriedout 12 You appeal vour 14 Your sentence is 7\ 15 your You are acquitted  82 Crime, the law and the police WORD GRAMMAR *2 Put the right preposition after each verb VERB COMPLEMENTATION a confessed b was accused c was charged '• d was convicted He e was found guilty f was sentenced g was booked h was arrested i was suspected lu a Look at the picture of a trial in progress Match the words with... year In Canada 28 per cent had experienced a crime, in Holland 26 per cent and in Germany 22 per cent At the other end of the scale Switzerland (15.6 per cent) and Finland (15.9 per cent) had low overall victim rates But safest of all was Northern Ireland: there only 15 per cent of the population experienced a crime The US appeared to live up to its reputation for lawlessness overall, with 28 .8 per cent... harm, 113 muggings and other robberies, 2, 800 burglaries, and 1 ,20 0 car thefts Yet these figures - part of an annual total of about five million recorded crimes - represent only the tip of an iceberg And that is not all Each of the three quarters of this year for which figures have already been published showed a rise of about 14 per cent on the same period 12 months before This is a big disappointment... dangerous age of all is under one year old with 28 homicide victims per million babies People of 70 are far less likely to be murder victims than any adult group, with only eight victims per million Only children aged 5-15 are safer.) According to an international survey published last year, Britain's crime rate is lower than the European average and lower than that of Holland, Germany, Canada and Australia... ways using words from exercises 11 and 12 where appropriate: i as an Emerian government report ii as an article from the EPLA paper Hi as an article from a foreign newspaper (i.e not an Emerian newspaper) WORD USE COLLOCATION 14 Read this text of a speech by Maria Richardson, Secretary General of the United Nations, about the conflict between Emeria and Darda Complete the sentences below with words from... where they might be used? MEANING 11 a Look at the chart on this page and check the meaning of the words in italics b Fill in the blanks in the chart with the following words fined found life reduced lose probation sentence win THE JUSTICE CHART 1 You are accused of(shoplfting) 3 You 4 You are guilty plead 2 You plead not guilty guilty 5 You are found not guilty I I 6 You are given a suspended sentence... headquarters  72 Peace, war and international relations WORD FORMATION AFFIXES 4 Bilateral means 'two-sided' What words would you use for the following? a a decision you take on your own, whether or not other people agree (e.g action, disarmament) b something done with three groups (e.g talks, arms agreement) c something done with a lot of groups (e.g disarmament, talks, peace-keeping force) What other words. .. attacks on the government or the main official force is Peace, war and international relations WORD USE CONNOTATION 75 UP Ifa Give each of these words a score from 1 to 5, according to whether the speaker feels positive (1 to 2) , neutral (3), or negative (4 to 5) about the person they are describing rebel _ guerrilla _ revolutionary _ freedom fighter _ terrorist _ ACTIVATE a Read the following information... of complete freedom from others' control 2 A is an uprising against any central authority; a is the successful changing of a government (and the political direction of the country) by force 3 A is any peaceful act which shows extreme displeasure; a usually involves a large number of people marching with banners to show (peacefully) their support or displeasure 4 A a is an uprising or fight against any . pronounce? b most difficult to pronounce? 4 Which words in the list: a are like words in your language and mean more or less the same thing? b are like words in your language, but mean something different? 8 . try to explain the origin of two of the following words: broadcast crossword documentary pin-up soap opera 4 Several of the words in the list Which of these jobs would you are jobs. Complete the chart with words from exercises 2 and 3 where possible. Noun (concept) democracy Noun (person) democrat Adjective democratic b Now use the right form of the words in these sentences. i