Revision Test 15’ Exercise 1. Fill in the blanks with the words given learning and developments status dominated having important population English is widely regarded as (1) ______ become global language. It is unlikely to be displaced as the world’s most (2) _____ language. English is closely associated with the leading edge of global sicentific , technological, economic and cultural (3) _______. It is the main language of international commerce (4) ____ trade in the world. For the last few hundred years English has been (5) _____ by monolingual speakers’ interests. Worldwide, there are over 1,400 million people living in countries where English has official (6) ______. One out of five of the world’s (7) _____ speak English to some level of competence. It is estimated that over one billion people will be (8) ______ English by the end of this decade. Exercise 2. Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer. Over the past 600 years, English’s grown from a language of few speakers to become the dominant language of international communication. English as we know it today emerged around 1350, after having incorporated many elements of French that were introduced following the Norman invasion of 1066. Until the 1600s,English was,for the most part, spoken only in England and had not extended even as far as Wales ,Scotland or Ireland. However, during the course of the next two centuries, English began to spread around the globe as a result of exploration, trade ( including slave trade), colonization and missionary work. Thus, small enclaves of speakers became established and grew in various parts of the world.As these communities proliferated, English gradually became the primary language of international business, banking and diplomacy. Currently, about 80 percent of the information stored on computer systems worldwide is English. Two – thirds of the world’s science writing is in English. And English is the main language of technology, advertising, media, international airports, and air traffic controllers. Today there are more than 700 millions English users in the world, and over half of these are non – native speakers, constituting the largest number of non – native users than any other language in the world. 1. What is the main topic of this passage ? a. the number of non – native users of English b. The French influence on the English language c. The expansion of English as an international language c. The use of English for science. 2. Approximately when did English begin to be used beyond England ? a. in 1066 b. around 1350 c. before 1600 d. after 1600 3. According to the passage, all of the following contributed to the spread of English around the world except. a. the slave trade b. the Norman invasion c. missionaries d. colonization 4. The word “ enclaves” in line 7 could be best replaced by whic of the following ? a. comminities b. organizations c. regions d. countries 5. The word “ proliferated” in line 8 is closest in meaning to which of the following ? a. prospered b. organized c. disbanded d. expanded Exercise 3. Fill in the blank with suitable word. Today, when English is one of the (1) ______ languages in the world, it requires an effort of the imagination to realize that this is a (2) _____ recent thing – that is Shakespeare’s time, for (3) ____ only a few million people spoke English, and the language was not (4) ____ to be very important by the other (5) ____ Europe, and was unknown to the (6) _____ of the world. English has become a world language because of its establishment as a mother tongue (7) ___ England in (8) ____ the continents of the world. Exercise 4. Word – building. 1. It / important / necessary / school – leavers / choose / career. 2. Most / spend / time / think / it. 3. What / they / do / choose / job / suitable / ability. 4. school – leavers / ill – prepared / future jobs / know / what / require . 5. Sheffield study, over one – third / have / reasonable sound knowledge / tasks / involve / choice. 6. This / expect / view of / unsatisfactory nature / guidance / give / home / school. Exercise 5. Fill in the blank with suitable word. A – Except for a number of hish school students who can (1) ______ their studies in colleges or universities, the (2) _____ of school –leaves experience their transition from school to work with the feelings of hope and worry. (3) _____ them, the end of school (4) _______ the beginning of their independent new life. They are (5) ___ for their first job because it will help them contribute a bit (6) ____ their family and above all, give them the desirable status of workers. But they (7) ___ realize that they are ill – prepared for employment and have no (8) ____ of the tasks, which are involved in it. When the time to start work gets nearer, many of them begin to worry and (9) _____ up all ( 10) ______ of fearsome prospects in their minds. B – The Job Training Partnership Act (1) ______ came into force in 1983, provides job training and employment services for poor and disadvantage (2) __,with the aim of finding permanent jobs for as (3) __ people as possible. A special section (4) ____ the Act caters for people who lose jobs in industries where they are unlikely to be (5) _____ to find another job. Young unemployed people are given training (6) ____ Job Corp residential training centrers. States (7) _____ provide employment training which is paid (8) ____ from state taxes. Exercise 6. Give the correct form of verb in bracket. In mankind’s millions of years on earth, many types of energy resources (1 – utilize ) ___. However, in the last ninety years, petroleum ( 2 – become ) ______ by far the most important. Accounting for over 50 percent of all energy consumed, it (3– be ) ___ so essential that , without petroleum, we ( 4 – face ) ___ with economic disaster. Of course, the earth’s supply of petroleum ( 5 – not last ) _____ forever, and in fact, it ( 6 – disappear ) _____ sooner than most people ( 7 – believe ) ______. At the current rate of consumption, the world’s proven oil reserves ( 8 – exhaust ) ______ within forty to fifty years. Obviously, measures ( 9 – take ) ______ decades ago to decrease our dependence on oil. Amazingly, such measures ( 10 – still discuss ) _______ today. Exercise 7. A – Fill in the blanks with the words given wisdom running action secure processes preserve science partners. We cannot (1) _____ the Earth’s future by saving one species or one acre at a time. We must think and act altogether on a larger scales – the biological (2)_____, the lands, and the waters that keep the Earth’s engine (3)___. The Nature Conservancy makes use of the latest developments in conservation (4)_____. We build alliances with the broadest series of (5) ______ - communities and corporations, scientists, legislators, and government agencies. We’re known for brave (6) ______ and meaningful results. We work daily – systematically and intelligently – to (7) ______ the world’s Last Great Places. And in everything we do, we listen for nature’s own (8) ________. B – Fill in each blank with a suitable word. We can develop alternative fuel sources of power. (1)____ we try, we’ll never succeed. Instead of burning fossil fuels, we should be concentrating (2) ____ more economic uses of electricity because electricity can be produced from (3) ____ sources of energy. If we didn’t waste (4) ___ much energy, our resources would (5) ______ longer. Unless we do research on ( 6) ______ energy, wind power, wave power, hydro electric schemes, our fossil fuel will run ( 7) ______ and we’ll starve to death. Don’t forget that energy (8) _____ the sun , the wave and the wind lasts forever. Exercise 8. Read the passage carefully and then answer the questions. There are many sources of pollution in our modern world. At present, the most serious sources are acid rain, car exhaust fumes and oil spills. Factory chimneys give out smoke that contain sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide. These gases combine with the atmosphere to form sulphuric acid and nitric acid. When it rains, these acids dissolve in the rain and make it acidic. Acid rain is believed to be the worst pollution problem of all. It has harmed aquatic life by turning many lakes into lifeless bodies of water. In these areas, there is no limestones in the rocks to neutralize acid rain naturally. One remedy is to pump limestone into the acid lakes. However, it is not possible to do this on a large enough scale to save all the lakes. Car exhaust fumes contain carbon monoxide and lead which are highly poisonous. In big cities, the exhaust fumes build up and pose a health hazard to human beings. Pollution of the sea by oil threaten marine life. Much of the oil come from ships that clean their fuel tanks while at sea. Offshore oil wells also discharge vast amounts of oil into the sea. Pollution of the sea can also be caused by oil spills. An oil spill may occur as a result of accidents involving oil tankers. 1. Why is smoke from factory chimneys harmful to our environment ? 2. What do car exhaust fumes contain ? 3. What sources cause pollution of the sea ? 4. Find the words in the passage which means. a. distribute b. melt c. treament d. risk Exercise 9. Fill in the blank with suitable word. Air pollution occurs when wastes dirty the air. People produce most of the wastes that (1) __ air pollution. Such wastes can be found in the form of gases or particles of solid or (2) _____ matter. These substances result chiefly from burning (3) ____ to power motor vehicles . Industrial processes and the (4) _____ of garbage also contribute to air pollution. Natural pollutants include dust, pollen, soil particles and naturally occuring ( 5) ______. The rapid (6) ______ of population and industry, and the increased use of automobiles and airplanes have made air pollution a (7) _____ problem. The air we breathe has become so filled with polutants that it can cause (8) ___ problems. Polluted air also (9) _____ plants, animals, building materials and fabrics. In addition, it (10) ______ damage by alternating the earth’s atmosphere. . Revision Test 15’ Exercise 1. Fill in the blanks with the words given learning and developments status. and the waters that keep the Earth’s engine (3)___. The Nature Conservancy makes use of the latest developments in conservation (4)_____. We build alliances with the broadest series of (5)