Nccessary- and SufEcicnt-Condition Assumptions h the Official .drguments (Paits 6 aDd 8) ex:rnrplc, cncoungin! pltrcnrs ro rc:rd witb rheir childrcn or simpl)' devorint morc rinle durin8 school ro rc;lding. Oihcrwisc, it seems hasry il besr ro concludc th( rlrc disrricr musr adopr (he BTA protll-inr, or tor dMr maccr ant re,'dinA pro8rinr. h ()rdcr to achicvc ir5 objccrivc. Thc supc.inrcnd€nl also netlccrs ro subsranixte hcr issumprion ihar adopdng BTB would suffice bv irself to improve srudents' rexding skills to $e desir€d c).1enr. Common sense rells me that BTB will bc hr8cl! ineff€ctivc unless othcr condirions arc mcr as wcll. Mosr notabl],. srudcnrs musr bc sufficiEndv xtrenrii'c and motivated, ln shot1, uotil lhc superinrendenr shows lhat rhc p.ogmm wil be cffcclivclv implemcnred and r€ceived. I simp\' cannor accepr lhc As you snrdy rny essays in Pan 6 ("Lssxys for 20 Ofi;ciit cItE Aj.Sumcnts"), iook for my analysis of Dcccssary- and suflicienr{ondidon assumptlons ln thc fouowirg paragrnphs: Necessa.ry Conditiors r ll GRE Ar8urnenr No. 20 (s€cond cssay par-rgraph) GRE Argumcnr No. 59 (fifrh css:ry para8|aph) . GRE,lrgumcn( No. 109 (sccond essay pangnph) GFJ Aqumert No. 122 (fifth essry pffaSnph) Suf1]cicnt Conditions I | | GRE Argument No. 20 (founh essa-\' pangr-aph) GRI Ar8ument No. 46 (thkd ?rd ff$ essay paragraphs) Gru Argumcnt No. 68 (third essay parrgraph) GRI Argumem No. 76 (s€cond cssay paragnph) GRI A4lument No. 96 (founn essay paragraph) GRIE A4$menr No. 122 (third essay panglaph) As you study my essays in Prrt 8 ("Essays lor 20 Official GIIAT Argu- E)co!s"), look for my ana,lysis of nccessry- and suf{icienr.condirion problems in the follovin8 paragmphs: Neccssa-ry Conditions | | I | ,GjU,{T {rgument No. 28 (third essay paragraph) GMAT J\rsument No. 53 (foulIh cssay paraSriph) GMAT AiSumcnt No. 59 (rhnd cssay paiagmph) | GI{AT ,{rgl]mcnt No. 79 (fifrh cssay paragraph) GMAT tu'g]lmenr No. 89 (nfi-h cssay paragraph) GMaT ArI|umcnt No- 93 (founh essay paragaph) ' GMAT Arrllment No. 117 (founh €ssay prngaph) G]\4AT Argument No. 12{ (ffrh essa)'p 'agriph) wuterno6.@/n GRTr'GNUT N l. ia ,p)u)qttu)lrs rq uxtr lurulnS^':qt ^1otl s:laJlpr! osn::suods .:r f,qI tU:tqord s'qr ss)rppr ot prprau stu;ru.l. f,rrqt rqt lo qJxtr su.rul -uo) txqr srslFUE qdllStlEd,euo ,trnbrpr rnqJiuq r: s.pr^ord :)suodsrr rqj ( wrlqorcl r:qur)uldnor8 srllt uo St'lsnro-r LU,I .r.Ll rnq .ll!^1sr suralqord Slnuosrir J'rlto urol J.JJns lqfruj turlun8ry aql) .dnor:i aqrJo raqruruJ A) -^r or ilddlr dnorf rJo sJr]su)rflrrqr txqt sauinssx tururn8jy tut^tonoj 'tLI 'dnorg :r[] Jo r^urtursJ.Jdal $ JaquJeLU arft q)!rl^\ ol tut!\e rq) :rulu!)l)p nol olsq pJno^\ uonuulolrl rruortlppl ]!qar olEJrDq . 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Rcsponsc lrhough tic edirodnl rssumes ihat Seaside s tecnaEcrs are typical of the nation's tcenagers m leneml, it supplies no evidence wh1ts0ever to sub5ontiate dris aJsumption. For 3-ll wc knorr'. the incidence ofdeprcs_ sion among Scaside's rcens is far lower than the national alerage-low enough thacteen deprcssion does not pose a cofiununitl"widc Problcm for S€aride- IJso, t.\e cditorial cainot jusrj4'ils rcconmendation to tlr€ cofimunjq, atleast nor based on tie nationwide su.vct. To bolsrcr tbe rccommendation, instcad of relvjtS on a nvecPing genct"lizalion, the editorial's aud)or should Providc speciic cvicleflcc that among S€aside lccnagers, depression is 2 s'idesprc;td probl€m rhar is !.kely to contjnuc udcss the communiq Ld{es sPccific mea' surcS ro rcversc tnc lrcnct. Ex.rmplc-what's Truc for a Mcmbcr Is also Truc for the Group The fo owillg Argumcnt ffsumcs that chxractcristics of a pxniculal memb€r of a SfouP aPplv to the SrouP as a vhole. Cfhe Argurnent might suffei from olher reasoninS problems a5 vell, but herc I m focusing on itr;s groupmimber problem.) ResPonse A Provides a bnef bu( rdaqu:rre one-par"gmPh an.lvsis that cont?hs each of the three elements ncedco to ed&ess th€ problcm. ResPonsc B provid€s x more deniled mi\'sis witb riorc exr,nplcs, a5 well 15listing additjonal infofiniiion ne€cled to proF crl-v evaluatc the Atgument. The fo owing is pan of in articlc appeffing in tre entcftrtment sccuon of a IocJ n€!$p.Per. "At the local viewcr Choicc video store, thc number of aLailablc movi€s rn YH$tapc format tcEr.aits about thc same as thrce ycars ago, cvcn thouSh Lhe number of arailablc movics on drFilal wideo disk, or D\rD, hx5 rrcrcrscd tcnlold oter u)e pr5l ulfcc yelrs. Pcople who predict the jspending obsolescence of tbe vHS format irc mistakcn. smce dcm:rnd for vHs movie renttls roday clexrl), remarns jrx! ar sFonS 2s ev€r." I'etcrso;s | \vitin! S0UK-[or tbe GRE/Gnuf Tctt\ ltu4rjretersot.com uo1 suoeted,natal 'o3[ sJr',( rrilr sr lltpot srdr) SIL{,{uzur sE saLrlEJ ]A qr$ ulrJl ol lrgdlsq rq pFor,d rJ .rrortrur:oJu snn 3ur:{rrl .sJEUer pu? s.ll1s o,{Cl u! spuel $^-Hr^ slEtl''r pur srps slIA rn spuerl rpl,t pFo,r rnoqD uolrtur -rojrn trou p5lu plno,rl. l .uoqrsod s.llJDrr rqt arrnp^a jilfv ot rrpro sl 'Sll/t Jo rsJur)p pJlrlprrd .rF Sulfl)dslp ur papaar)ns lor, srg ?lJlu! eql 'o3[ sjs9,{ trrl] sr s)du S}l{ r(ucur sE x)ots ol srnrntuoJ lA lq,rl suosarJ Jlqrssod Jarno pLrc ,sarn Jr[t4j4l: puE JrprsuoJ ol sllq .lJFrr .rIl cJrIS .sO{O Jo uollJrlrs stl pucdx, J.qlrv or l]pro q srdEl SIL\ Jo €^lrqs nr rrayc or fur,LD q 3n esnrrcq :ucr JoJ tou rnq rps roJ sJ lJolu.Ar4 SII{ !sun, s.)A Jo qrnu sdrqDd :lrDEu, )rqr roJ .uosu:r Jr^crEq.6 JoJ .cscl)^c lxuoo[u ,q) t'|:q] rr^loJ sr sral[ld CIrtC r^rrj rrr.p pooqroqqSQu s.:) ut sploqrsnoq Jo.SnusrDd 5tF sdsqDd rO .CAC uo elqrlclr -tr,{ lou ajt lEqr ser^olu Japlo rI SqrrlT[pads ,{q rJusu, !q)n, r :^lrs o] BultdrsJut sr lA sdrqDd .lJfrDuo8 lnmpq ')fEs pw JBls oaph aqr Jo TrJrd s! OA) crroq] DArrA rErI f)tr'nssE llnI].un uonrsod s.olrrus_cqf g assods€lJ ' .aloqa ! se lnmpul 3r]r roJ uortrpnd .ql lJprlJslp or pcllE:l srq luJurnSJrr aqr uarfr .os sI .rrors rSEr.lD aql urqt '&otnr^ul Jstol 9r Jo 3Scrur ad r sa 'sadu: 5114 croru ru3 fuct rg3lur ),1 :ssD arn lflJlssa3ru l,us! qqt lE^eaoH .dnor3 c sa ,s.Jols o)pr^ lJt Jo JErtd& sl OA) eJroqf orpt^ tcrF srrunse: tueuntrr_slrll v asuo{lsau s,tnJ Jr,^t)rtxt .1. 1t)t sltDts tuutral I s,uot/atT (rtdllSrjrd irsso pubJrs) 6g r)N tu)!un&y JVl^l.| (qdLr8Errd &ss? qlnoj) 8i_ .oN ru:urn8ry J\.,y{C I t t I iur^rolroJ rqr q surrqord r.qlu'u<tnora Jo srsrJxux ;u ror 1Ji:,ff# .n8ry JVr{5 fxrrUJO OZ roJ s,&!sJ") 8 ucd ln s/irssj tur lprus nol ry (qdclgsrd {Essc qug) 60t .oN tueurntuv gI9 (qdz,€r-Jrd l!ss, qu.g) 0Z .oN tu.rljn8ry aI5 (qdErgllrd tess. q!T),I .oN rururnsrv fl, (qdEr8Erd ,{rssa qunoJ) 6 .oN ruerunirv gL lf l -End Sur,donoJ ar{t ur s'ra1qo:d :egruorodnor8 go .,.,ty"u" ,t* ,ffi ("s)u)umgrv gI9 TrrJgJO OZ roJ sdEsrJ-) 9 rjld ur sdxs!, ,{rll .{pn:s nod sl/ (8 prrv 9 si.rcd) sluaunSr\r 1eIJgJO ar1r rr1 fiseJqord raqrua;4-dno:9 AVSSI IN3t\lnguv 9NtdOaS-H9tH V lIdM 01MOH Assumrxc rHAT ALr THrruos Rrm,qrn UNcH.lr.rcro ovER TIME srrecB pil be sdcr rl)an cvcr." /\ GRE or GI1AT Ar8umcnt mjehr re\, or cvidcrcc colccrcd n rl\e rast irt order to formulirc:;omr conclusioo or rcconrmcnd;rrion conccming thc preseilt ot rlJc JLtto-!. Similarl),, :ln Argumcnt miSht rclf on cvjdencc abour present condtrio s ro mak€ a prcdicrion or rccornmcndarion Ior tbe ,ttttc. D\tr unlcss lhc rguDrcnr provides ctc:rr cvictcncr !t.r,lr kcy circum. st nces bave rcmaincd, or will rcmain, unchnngcd ovcr tbe relcvanr timc pcriod (b)' the wa), i! wonl), rhe Ar8umenr is \,l)lnerabte to crjricism. To address a mc.shifi problem, you should :rccomplish €ach of rl)e following rhrce usks: 1. Identify lhe problem (i.e., rhe poor assumprion rha! aI kc), circumstanccs rcmrin txed over tiIne). 2. Elucidate by providing cxamplcs of condirions t}}at migir chmge from one Ume Famc to tl)c orher. 3. Evduare r}lc arAumenr in li8hr of rhc probl€m. You'U probably fieed rhrcc scnrenccJ to accomplish a[ rlu€e r$k5. If you havc more t!ne, you can perforrn eithcr of thc following optional task5 a5 . lodicatc rhar ro srcn$hcn tl)c argurncn!, rhe autlor musr conrtncc rhar oihcr rclevanr condirions remain urch4nS€d from onc timc foelne to rhc next. . Lisr addiional iJrformation about pasr afld present (or prcscni alrd funrrc) ci.cumsunccs tlat you nccd in order to evaluarc thc rccommcndarion, predicrion, o. orhff conclusion. EfiaEple-Past CoDditiors Remain Unchanged i':r the present 4zd Future Hcrc's an AJgumcnr rhat prcvidcs €vidcncc abour thc past to dl"w a . coDclusion abour rhc prcsenr ,s wcll aj 1tlc futufe. CIhe Al.gumcot migha suffcr from oticr rcasoning problcms as wcll, but hcre I,m focusinb on this tj$e-shifr problcm.) The rcsponse accomptishcs all duec rcquircd u.ski, as well as suggesdng how to suengt}lcn-the argumcnr, all in a single, concrsc p-e_fa8nph. The folowing zpp€arcd in a polirical cimpaign adveniscmcnr: 'Rcsidcots of tJris st?te should votc to clect l{.r-avitz a5 stetc govcmor i.n thc upconling elcction. During lctvitz's _filr-al rcrfn a-s x srat€ scnator, shc a/as a mcmbcr of a special leAislativc commincc t}laa cxplored w"ys rhc statc can reducc ir5 cscatadrS ratc of violcnr crime. Elcct Kravic for aovemor, and our citics' ntutut.pct6oB on Pctcrson s , rrrititig SkILr lor tha GR-E/GIUT T6tt CRD ,sal IYIll,m a(ti .1o.[ sll]15 lr!,!'a\ n s,uosran ,uo:' sroe'tcd onto' 4dord s,lu)(rtntur: )qr 'sntLL ^\trr:lil ul ss:ursnq lo rno slilru:ss:l ' "in1 ,- ,.1fto, :lrols :lurl:dtuor rt^\ru r: r'llrrur lxtp ro:l uost'r ,r,rrr,r.L^r rn, )nlnl .tll ur Pro]]l: ol tlqr )q rrtuol ou II!^t srliaplstr ".,;;.;;':;',;' -"-"1 r' :o pr'r :iursstd r :c1 or rn{' urnr rqslur xso'( '^.t,\ ", .ra^l^\o!l 'Jors eql lroddns or lJsnour Suojls ulf,ulal ol n-run. ,,,^t .,".ntt)r a:r^':lrI 6uotux (srrnPord p]rxFr'rso^ ptr!) 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Orhcnvisc. rlrr xurl)of cnnnor pcrsuadc mc rhir i L1kcvic$ fnnchise \l,ould bc profitlbtc. Tame-Shift Problems il the Official Arguments (Parts 6 and B) Ai you srudy mj,es$ys in Prfi 6 ("Essavs for 20 Officiai cREArgumenrs"), look tor m\' anal)sis of rime.shr.ft problenrs in lhc fottoNirs p;tn8mphs: | | | cn.E Argurncnr No. 9 (iirird essiy p:rragrapir) cRE ir!'umcnr No. 3l (fourih essxy pafignph) GRI Argumcnr No. 96 (sl\{r essal' pangi.rph) Gn-E Argument No- 109 (rhird essal. p:rmSrnplr) GRE Argument No. 113 (founh cssay prrlgriph) s you srud)'my css:rvs in Paft 6 ("EssaYs fof 20 Official clt T Arg:u- mcnrs"), look for m)'xnalysis of time,shifr problems ifl d1e followinS paragraphs: I I I I G 1!T Argument No. 23 (fourth cssxy prlagmpb) GI{, T Argument No. 28 (fouftb essq' pamgmph) GMAT Arg1lment No. 5l (sccond and rhird essay paligmphs) GtrIAT rgument No. 79 (fourth essly panSraph) - GMAT Argumenr No. l3l (second essxl'pangmph) OiHrn Rrasounrc Pnosle^as wtrH GRE AND GMAT Ancurarurs Nosf rhat -\'ou've cximined rh€ mosr common cR-E and GMAT reasonin8 problcm!, briefl),su.vey some othe. r€asoning problems you mighr Iind $'jth an Argumen(. Alrhough each of rhese problems is less common tim anv of thc ones I've alrerd)' covered, you should be rcacil' for thcm an,r5vay- jusr in case. Failirg to Dcfine lmportant Tcrms Ar rgumcnr might rely on a ceftain rcrm wiriloui providing an sdcquatc dcfirition of it. l-ook especially for rcferences ro a parlicuiir class, cfl- . cgoo, or group, without x clear cxplanarion of'whar jr jncludes or excludes. For cxamplcs of rhis problem, see I I I cRI Arr$mcor No. 59 (fou.rh essa)' p;rngnph) I r I I GiIAT lrgument No. 23 (fiilr essiy pa.rgr:rph) I GMiT Argument No. 71 (founh cssly pxragraph) cN'lAT Argrmcnr No. 89 (frsr essay parag.iph) CI{AT Aryumcnt No. 122 (founh cssay p:lmgmph) uuu.peI6oB om GRE/GntAT Il utox suoettallatntnt stsaJ. J,Vtl'tnXt a(tt .()[s ttr n)t']t.t/11 | s,u(,sJatai! t_l f\ 'qloq sm)sln plnoqs no( 'rqlrr sLU)lqord q)oq Jl ( uonlpuor Zr.rrrral r sr uolr)r Jo rsJnol r,tpbu 'spro^\ raqro uD 'r^trltiqo prtrts rqr !^!lrlrE rtlSltu rttll uoDrD Jo sr$notr Dglo ltoopr^o osfx llqxqord IIF1 ru.iqord SuluosErr JGDrIa" srrr r.llort srrfms rrqr rurumSrg w :316p (rldrr€Erxd drssa qgrJ) 6/ oN ruarunSrv $'lt9 (qdu6rrrd ,(!ss! prro) t/ oN rusrun8ry ll'I/t9 I r r n r.s 'ualqord s!l) Jo s.ldurrxa roj o^Drrlqo .(o 3ut^)rq)e Jo pooqlalll aqr 3lnsrf,Dq ,{q.Fq1 '(sr^!!&rllr !^rsnl)x. lll.runul rou ejr,{aqr 'sr rrql)_s)sjnof, rpoq snsnd ot rlqrssod $ tl r[qr SlrurplssoJ lnoqrr,r 'e^n)alqo pf,1Es eq] J er-qJr ol Jrpjo 14 Jeq:oUI Jr^o uolrrE Jo rsJnoJ ?so pururuorrr rq8rtu luaurnSjv I.t'r{C Jo :nl9 y r^JsnlJr:n ,{1erun11 eJV rroF VJo sasJnoC o^\l tr:r[} 8qrurnss1 (qdf,j3ttu d.,(xssr puorrs) 6! oN luarrJnSry J\'I,{{) (qdr-4rJtd /itssa r8tl-l) 8L 'oN lulunSrY $ry{9 It t tr (qdr"J8xrrd ixssa puor.s) t6 oN rururnSrv 3)19 (qdd3rxcd ,{Dsse. qDnol) Zt 'oN- luaumSl gIg I t E ers 'tq)lqoJd slrF Jo s_Jldullx: Jo.I rxsDplrtr ot elqrreuin^ q eluapl^a aql rI!^! ))wpror)E Ln uorsnl)uol s1r.ro :doJs Jo ?JJSJP:qr )rum or slrql rlqr lnrurr€rv rw 'ssr/Jalrs uttual r ol rrrdsaj rlrh\ ,{luo Jo Jur1ra urlufJ r ol,{fuo 1nq prtroddns le^\.q lq8r.o{ll uormltruo) s,luoum3,ry uv adolg .ro aaSaq rq pcoJg ooJ s1 lrrp rrolsnlluoS u 3 (qdu6xrxd if,ssa prrql) t8 oN.lu:urnaJy J}'l/{t (sqdx.rSErEd ,{rss, psorcs puE rsnJ) 8}, oN rurrln3x\r $,'},19 !'NE (qdx$Lrcd ^rsse pr.qr) 88 oN tuaunSrv IIIC (qdcl8r-Jl,d i"ss. rIgIJ) 08 oN rsf,um8{r EIt (sqd['d[jud .{"ss. lFfioJ pux prtqr) zg oN ruor.un€rv jt5 || !t rra -rlqor.l .J,{, Jo srlduryxa ro:I sr.qunu ro sr3Erurlr?d rslf,)rd Sulpuord Jo nr.rl q "Irlf,^as" ptn: "',{nrrr, "'!uros" ol s']rre -raJJ JoJ llqDsdsJ Ioo'I suorsnlJuor SuraLtP or sasroJ 1r uaqa uodn ,{lcl llqsuosFr or 5nBD^ oor,{lduBs sr ro 3um:arx f,lqtssod )uo urqr )ror! srurJ rEql (rsuqd Jo Droa ro) ru.tualtr< r utruo. 1q€5u ru.urniry rr1' aluapT^g snonSlqurj' Jo rnf8e uo VSS3 tNSt'!neUV 9NlUO3S-H5IH V 31uM Ot I OH Arguing Simultaoeously for fko Competing Objectives A GRI or GN{AT rgumcnr mighr scck ro achieve nvo disrrnct objaciivcs, Nhich ippdu ro compcrc wirh each othcr: in orher eord3. accomplishing onc objccrivc decrcrscs rtrc likelihood ol lchicvi.A tbc orhcr_ For xn oiamplc of rh's probtrm. scc E I I I ciu T ArSumenr No. i9 (fr.fth essal parnSmph) Engaging in Circular Reasonilg A cRE or c)U T Argumenr mighr rel)., ar leas! panll,, on irs own Lnc of rcasoning ro suppon rhni verv rc:soning, This gcncral problem is koown bv rhe rerms "circular reasoni'8" and -Llutolos)- as.wcll fi b).rhe idiom "beSging t}e quesiion." For an example of r.his problcm. sec I | | cR! Argumcnr No. 42 (frfth essay pangBph) DO"S AND DON'TS FOR YOUN ARGUMENT ESSAY Nor', reviev,/ sonrc oI thc k€y poinrs f.om Pxn 3. Hcre xrc rwo lists of DO's and DON Ts-for conren! and or8anization-ro kecp I.ou on ihe righr rnck jn organizinF and composing your rgrjmcnr css:rr. To reinforcc dre ide6 in rhis list, emark the lisr ud rcfer 10 ir from ume ro rime as vou pmcuc€ rhe Argumcn! \rTiting t;lsk .lnd as -vou ,cid m), sample cssrl,s ir Pln 6 ,nd Pirr 8. Comrr.n-Youn Cnrrrour or rHE ARGUMEM DO idenrii ana keep in mind rle Ajtumcni s linrl .rnd rnrermedirre conclu- -sions so'thrr you can analyze the ArgriJnent's use of evjd€nce ard line of reasoning in suppofi of rhose conciusions, DON'I mcrely resqre or rehaih the st"tcd Argumcnt. Ihe ont),wa.\, ro scorc poims is to rcU thc reader_whafs wrorg s/ith the Ar8llment. UO ,nri)ze rhe Ar8llmcni virh an eye for uncovering tlree or lour 0aws-in . thc author's iinc of reasoning and use of cvidcnce. _ r.re corunjr ro mcmoN rhc rfpes of re.soning flas/s you lcamcd in part 3, and look for e! lcai. rhrce of thcm in your Arglrncnr. . DON'T rctv on ttre technical lermirotoSl' of format toSic ro idcndy icisoning problcms; plain English wi! su.ffice. DO idcntib unsubsrrnriated or r]nre3isonable assumpLions upon.srbich thc Artument s conclusion clcpcnds. DO suppon c"ch cb-allen8€ ro an assumption with ar lea.s! onc example (scennno) Pctqsons, rrritrtg Sktk lor the GI|E/GAUT TcsL< ll IA LO tut01 ttuosatad o'mnI stsat I ,.t) rot qltqs nutty)r . _ tood IEr)UJo f,rp ln slu5rrm8+. 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Dg sturrun8rv Jo lood craldwor eqr ;o rnorr.ri.l " .r*;;; rurrrr{or pu' ll'nb.p' 'c B.,,phord pu? sw.,r"'. .r;",ilil;lH;J; uo prol9rn sn)oc .lEsa rull!.n€rv mol Jo qlguel plo,, .qr rnoq"Lo^ lrNgq r'orJ-{IfDfsol pus llfrrru'u ,aog s?rpl rnol sd,., ,"* ;ff: ilr:il:: mo^Jo nu'od snogc .ql ttruuoJ rrro s.serqa p,r".pro^ uoprr,*r'rl.' 66 ,'.l::jI_.T -**i. ,{nry Jo s)srSu]ns or parrnbr: sr rrq,r rrFlpur o) ^JqGsod pIJ[ sunlqord urEtll s,tu3uln8rv crF ar]llrtrf,l or llduns sr aJcr{ qol rnoi r{dE6rlt-d 8ripnpuoj:rp ur onbnpe 30 sruroct ,r:.au ,{rrr arnponn - .3uluosEJ Jo ar4l s,tufuIn8Jv )rF rolJl!, plnoqs af,ulnbrs .qL qduSErzd ::d.lro !cp.!o Jrcrgol € Er o.to".:" "rroj,rJ.x rilirc oO 'Iy 3unft^ roe,. grv aql ol llJD^cl.r4 r.rc lurunfuy aqt q plssn stp .nssl .{nE lnoqr suolt4do fEuosjJd ftol .p*q t" ru._nBrV a.p t orJ ,{"rt. 1rp9q '3tr'Il ru.trlqns r^rq no,{Jx-rr ertrnfE a rruaq no,{ dlaq ppo,n rrqar rolp.o Sqr'ir^uoJ 5ror! rsr.onSJv,qj ,ry"- o: p r.b"r'r, r";;;;;lp- OA lwtr tuow InvH no^ il l,Noc lOOd lVr)HJO rno^ Nr slNlwncdv 3Hr NO S ON ilvl :su^ofis:tESns ,rlros cjr r3H .saJmosej JJrpo qlra )iooq slqt In sEu5rErD turur .n8ry.gt Br'nu lclddns rcprguoJ .urrx: mol.roy.q ."ai.1a*".^"f noi! AVSSS .tN3htnSdv eNtdocs_H9jH V 3-Utl/r\ 01 MoH [...]... ,'oq.,;;;;,;"il:if;:j[T,1li.;;T:l rrll Fprsuor ot sp5ru ruruodojd s.tuc_.fr" , ,11 :.1qprr .q rou ,{nurJo ,{l]Ix lrqt "s!od.r" rrn:uo) uo so,rya, ,rop"pur,rr*orr, ,11 :urlqoJd grlt sf,lpr[q txllr esuods:r uDlqoJd r s.3reH , llJttqlDo,t lrlu)rod x ruo, ,JFs rrrl slod.J uo ,rn., ,.,r*ni*l,iil g srs^rvNv csjrururas Jo sadA rgrqr Jo sllJauf,qJrp $l^r 9p 01 Sqrpou Burnzq sroDrJ JrsurDxa lirrrl, uo o .1" q.rra.f Jo)f,rs... this isn'r nccGsarily thc czlc lr is.efllircly possibtc, for cxa$plc, rhar luaxcch cmployccs wcrc unusuilly rcccptivc or rcsponsive to r,X/orkforccs pafiicular 6etrods, for wharcvcr rcasolr ID 2ny cvcrr, Mrftcch's scminar panicipents mjght consriturc an insufficicntly sm.3l smple for thc purposc of rnakinS rccommcndations for the !,rivarc, sccro|workforce in gcncrnl Sincc thc argumcnr frils to show that... (3Grrirutc) snring task ljmir t/our tirne to l0 minules pcr cxercise Ior each tFoup of cxcrcis€s, clircciions for tllat Sroup immcdialely precede rhe cxcrciscs M! lespotLsesand com"EnLt be8o1 on page 1I I r'tu.p.'cr5o6.cod Pctcrson's I wtlttng Sht|ls lor GRAGMAT T, tttoJ't u' re rt ed t) n' r' E ,14 1)ol sllttls nrltt)a\ | s,uotrala.l 'il:ss qr.3u.fllrl,l rr trr iurssnrsr| f,rxdr.our: pFod ]u.lllnlil rlrl:... conr.rinsm) cssds for 11 5 ,^r8umeolsio thc offic'xl pool jot ,{s yor rcad the book s ^rlumcnt essa}'s, down Poinls of cririqLre -You find clcarcsror nrosrconyincioF.Also highliSht tmnsilionil Phflses whjch conncct ihc cssa]s poin6 of criliquc Rcviclv $c phrases,then iIJ' voursclf miking x specinl cffon to incorpo.rte composing sevcnrlcssxvs simihr phrascsinto your ess:r-\'s ' NOTE: For book irJorm:ition,... !!ltmcnCsswceping conclusion Pctcrson s I wdttng SkIk lor.tbc GRUGMAT T.tts c t11o1\1nterD4 \tr\ oJ p))u,illinr),: prno^\ *,rr"-uru , rq lqrirur oq^r ,,,,'ur 'utrs r',"'"ai" ti)iLiii ! t *t'"t''u ;rtr ur :rndrrtund qtn()rL[ rir()^\ DUI]or.rqr r,{qo sru:pls., nrrio,d-",rn"tt ptrr',,s'r),^,nr,,;, ";l;;;,;,J;::.*;]:.::lll:' ,1; ,"#ili (.rurp! ,,irunotr ptrioldur:unto t(x)diqr uro! ur^ ^,_ - sorqrad _ JIrrs... uorDnpal il:)lot.r:)rl(xl.ql asnrJ)q tsnl :ur)lqord ,qt silpurq r'$ :suodsaj r: s,aja 11. :cuanb:s lrjoduJ)t ,l:)!u qt!^t tJrJJa pul osnrtr JsnjuoJ rq8[! 1u:$ngjv s.rql SINIWWO) ONV STIdI M 6! S!tUtxt 'I srs^]vNv lNrwttuotNtld 'strurllui )lqrt)lrr 'olrL.r 'DaTlor ot SuIIlt^\ II.S)J prrl srsseusnq JoJ s)rprsqnsot s€u!^zs.rI1 lldd? pur t3rr slqt tn Bqpurds c)np5r pFoqs &sno) )rp 'aldrlJ! ejt rsnlrr 3ln]cpounrro)Jr!... morc frcqucm pickups Hiltsvllle mj8hr regrcr irs dccision to swirch ro Trashco.) Is rhc proposcd swirch ro Trajhco zccasraal for drc ciry ro acli€vc irs srarcd objccrive? (perhaps rhe ciry h15 orher me3ns ro leducc irs cosrs, or mcans ro enhancc irs icvcnuc, for thc Durgosc of affor(| ing the ncs' siarion,) Miglr Hilsvilic incur countertaiting erpcnser b.v consrrucing rhc - t ncw Fansfcr sradofl? @crhaps... fEuonrppxBt,.rJIq fi.a_pr.rru, u".*.rrqr.,,{q lq igio eqr uo urrjls rqr rrnprr ot plqrssod.o,qr,*,,f1.^ ,1. r,^' prtrrs )rlt Aur^:)rr1Jr trDssasau,$:rlo)d Jot p.rodo.:d q, ,; su'donoJ *.,00" "., ,ujff::?r,s'lotrunarY 'q' rnoqt suoltsenb oqr )^ ,{rssr (elnuEJ{€) qr8ual-lF-q , arl ^ s.auno) Josrurr.u, ,."rno., ,r, rqr n.lrur',Lt;t;::1t#:T SuturEb{ol pxodord orF lxlrl peru^uo:)'q Amqrssod lorrwr I sl,nrnorr' or sl.r'J... eutoq ',{uedtljotr uouax lv 'z rrro{ scqrtml u,{o JI.ql 3u.uq oq ,1 sr')lro^\ _ 'rnu.^ar q au-rl)tp 'urql lp€ls r petu)padxe.^cq lrplslp.gr 14 $sssqsnq llvr ,rr{s !ur!r.d of ,{lrt u lq crroJ arllod sll Jo azls Tgrol orn P$np'r ,{tl) c(Il 'o8E sJ!5{ f)Jrll $nog sslqsnq autnlcp tu.unp pltslp ssllllmq u^roluaop s,lllr aq) lo!?d 1! qr srf,)!6o ?{lod Jo Dqumu 'I rn tstJDUl pFoqs ,{ ',{lllouotr3 s,A!J slql... rEtnurf,s ,rlt sEd\ rJr-tll' or Jrpro st srxu(urs su Jo ',t'Jstrq fu .rr"rr.^" ,;x::l aqt 6dgqr;$d) aaplprtt srrlrtsls oJ.rojDFo,lt ruor uodr rql q 3uruoscars.lu;)rxntr\, Jqt lnoqr suoDsrnb Eu.raoIIoJ sserppnosll] lqillll nol ^Ess (:)nu.n -O€) or.Jl tF8url-lJnJ uI r ^VSSS -tNl,\n9UV gNtUOlS-H5tHV 31tUM c )1/ vtOH PAR] i1 who recc,veunemplo)' would rcducrn8 nLrnrh(r rcsidcnrs th( ol mcnr bcncfits r4/icc ro . uI t11o11nterD4 r I ,,,, 'ur 'utrs r',"'"ai" ! ti)iLiii srs^rvNv .g ^VSSS -tNl, 9UV gNtUOlS-H5tH V 31tUM c )1/ vtOH 7" ArurLvsrs PAR] i1 would. ,'oq.,;;;;,;"il:if;:j[T,1li.;;T:l rrll Fprsuor ot sp5ru ruruodojd s.tuc_.fr" , ,11 :.1qprr. .q rou ,{nur Jo ,{l]Ix lrqt "s!od.r" rrn:uo) uo so,rya, ,rop"pur,rr*orr, . ,11 , :urlqoJd. ,trssr qqu) 6 oN luaumRw $'l ^19 (qder8fJrd,{xss, rFIJ) 6i oN ru.urnSt JVW9 (qdrdx-Ed ,(rssr qunot) t1 oN lu.umtrv I]II ^19 (sqd Scrrd ,{Ess. rnJU pr'[ p.41p) Zt oN ru.llngrv