How the japanese learn to work 2nd edition - part 3 ppt

[...]... the Japanes learn to work The figures of Table 2.7 suggest a long-term trend for the graduate premium to increase at the early ages and decline after the mid-thirties The former may perhaps be ascribed to automation and the generally diminishing importance of shop-floor workers, lowering the incentives for firms to try to attract good high school graduates with attractive starting wages The latter may... And a major reason for that is that, even if 18-year-olds Who goes where? 39 did make rational rate-of-return calculations as the human-capital theorists tell them they should (or tell them that they do), how much the average lifetime earnings of university graduates exceed those of high school graduates would hardly enter into their choice of whether to go to a university or not What counts, everyone... expect, if they survive among the quarter of the intake who are admitted to the PhD course, to have no difficulty in pursuing an academic career—albeit as teachers at a provincial university At universities further down the ability/prestige 36 How the Japanes learn to work ladder—even among the less than a dozen universities to which PhD courses are confined—this attraction of the academic, pure-science... forth, according to their specialty In addition in 19 93, there were another 32 per cent of schools with some (minority) vocational streams, leaving just over a half of the total number of schools with general academic courses Rarely do vocational schools offer a single type of course; some provide up to ten different ones Table 3. 1 shows how the Ministry classifies them and shows how the pupils are distributed... other countries for finance houses, merchant banks and stock-broking companies to snap up the best and the brightest of them was almost unknown in Japan until 1987 when the internationalization of finance and the euphoria of five years of bull markets finally produced yuppie-level salary offers from the securities companies, and the newspaper leader writers began to deplore the corruption of hitherto... engineer on the success of the quality circles (work process improvement groups) in his factory He attributed a lot to the initiative, the leadership, the sustained level of intellectual curiosity and the inventiveness of some of his senior foremen: ‘Nowadays they would have gone to one of the top universities, but they left school at fifteen—at twelve some of the older ones One never seems to get people... the cream of the cream Again there are objective indicators of differential values, albeit at the local level Tokyo University recruits all its science and engineering students through two entrance examinations, one for the physical and one for the biological sciences Specialization starts at the beginning of the third year, and students are allocated to their first-choice department according to their... the way these mechanisms work So are the firm-size differentials shown in Table 2.8 The importance of the latter is clear from another study which found that in 1987, of men and women graduating from universities at the bottom end of the hierarchy—those where the entrance-level hensachi was rated at less than 45—only 7 per cent 40 How the Japanes learn to work entered firms with more than 5,000 employees,... budget surveys Educational sociologists who have looked into the matter, however, (for example, Moriyama and Noguchi 1984) claim that large expenditures on out-of-school tuition seem not to make much difference to performance, and attribute the correlation more to cultural, rather than to economic, factors—books about the home; the conversation over the breakfast table; and high aspirations which might... in the first two years’ courses Physics is, indeed, the elite department which it is most difficult to get into, and it is some of the less prestigious engineering departments like civil engineering which scoop up the left-overs But equally, some of the engineering departments—aeronautical engineering, for example—are near the top of the tree And that is, after all, an elite university pattern—the . that, even if 18-year-olds Who goes where? 39 did make rational rate-of-return calculations as the human-capital theorists tell them they should (or tell them that they do), how much the average lifetime. co-education.) These two schools owe their pre-eminence to the fact that they were the only pre-war selective secondary schools in the district. Almost all of the boys and the majority of the. on such tests to advise them as to which high school they should apply to, this has simply added to their work. They still have to give advice; that advice still has to be given on the basis of