Dictionary of Engineering Episode 3 Part 1 ppt

self-timer a hole. Also known as sheet-metal screw; tap- structure of two different semiconductors in ping screw. { self ¦tapиiŋskru ¨ } junction contact having useful electrical or elec- self-timer [ ENG ] A device that delays the trip- trooptical characteristics not achievable in either ping of a camera shutter so that the photogra- conductor separately; used in certain types of pher can be included in the photograph. { self lasers and solar cells. { ¦semиiиkən¦dəkиtər hedи tı ¯ mиər} əиro ¯ strəkиchər} self-tuning regulator [ CONT SYS ] A type of semiconductor junction [ ELECTR ] Region of adaptive control system composed of two loops, transition between semiconducting regions of an inner loop which consists of the process and different electrical properties, usually between an ordinary linear feedback regulator, and an p-type and n-type material. { ¦semиiиkən¦dəkиtər outer loop which is composed of a recursive pa- jəŋkиshən} rameter estimator and a design calculation, and semiconductor rectifier See metallic rectifier. which adjusts the parameters of the regulator. { ¦semиiиkən¦dəkиtər rekиtəfı ¯ иər} Abbreviated STR. { ¦self ¦tu ¨ nиiŋregиyəla ¯ dиər} semiconductor thermocouple [ ELECTR ] A ther- sellers hob [ MECH ENG ] A hob that turns on mocouple made of a semiconductor, which offers the centers of a lathe, the work being fed to it the prospect of operation with high-temperature by the lathe carriage. { selиərz ha ¨ b} gradients, because semiconductors are good Selwood engine [ MECH ENG ] A revolving-block electrical conductors but poor heat conductors. engine in which twocurved pistons opposed 180Њ { ¦semиiиkən¦dəkиtər thərиməkəpиəl} run in toroidal tracks, forcing the entire engine semidiesel engine [ MECH ENG ] 1. An internal block to rotate. { selwu ˙ d enиjən} combustion engine of a type resembling the die- semiautomatic transmission [ MECH ENG ] An sel engine in using heavy oil as fuel but em- automobile transmission that assists the driver ploying a lower compression pressure and spray- to shift from one gear to another. { ¦semиe ¯ o ˙ dи ing it under pressure, against a hot (uncooled) əmadиik tranzmishиən} surface or spot, or igniting it by the precombus- semibatch chemical reactor [ CHEM ENG ] A tion or supercompression of a portion of the reactor in which a constant liquid volume is charge in a separate member or uncooled por- maintained without any overflow, and with the tion of the combustion chamber. 2. A true die- continuous addition of one reactant, usually a sel engine that uses a means other than com- gas. { semиibach kemиəиkəlre ¯ akиtər} pressed air for fuel injection. { ¦semиide ¯ иzəl semichemical pulping [ CHEM ENG ] A method enиjən} of producing wood-fiber products in which the semifloating axle [ MECH ENG ] A supporting wood chips are merely softened by chemical member in motor vehicles which carries torque treatment (neutral sodium sulfite solution), and wheel loads at its outer end. { ¦semиiflo ¯ dи while the remainder of the pulping action is sup- iŋakиsəl} plied by a disk attrition mill or by some similar semilive skid [ ENG ] A platform having two fixed mechanical device for separating the fibers. legs at one end and two wheels at the other; { ¦semиikemиəиkəl pəlpиiŋ } used for moving bulk materials. { ¦semиilı ¯ v semiclosed-cycle gas turbine [ MECH ENG ] A skid } heat engine in which a portion of the expanded semimember [ CIV ENG ] A part in a frame or gas is recirculated. { semиiklo ¯ zdsı ¯ иkəl gas truss that ceases to bear a load when the stress tərиbən} in it starts to reverse. { ¦semиimemиbər} semiconductive loading tube [ ENG ] A loading semipositive mold [ ENG ] A plastics mold that tube for blasthole explosives which dissipates allows a small amount of excess material to es- static electric charges to prevent premature cape when it is closed. { ¦semиipa ¨ zиədиiv blasts. { ¦semиiиkən¦dəkиtiv lo ¯ dиiŋtu ¨ b} mo ¯ ld } semiconductor device [ ELECTR ] Electronic de- semitrailer [ ENG ] A cargo-carrying piece of vice in which the characteristic distinguishing equipment that has one or two axles at the rear; electronic conduction takes place within a semi- the load is carried on these axles and on the conductor. { ¦semиiиkən¦dəkиtərdivı ¯ s} fifth wheel of the tractor that supplies motive semiconductor diode [ ELECTR ] Also known as power to the semitrailer. { ¦semиitra ¯ lиər} crystal diode; crystal rectifier; diode. 1. A two- sems [ DES ENG ] A preassembled screw and electrode semiconductor device that utilizes the washer combination. { semz } rectifying properties of a pn junction or a point send See scend. { send } contact. 2. More generally, any two-terminal sense [ ENG ] To determine the arrangement or electronic device that utilizes the properties of position of a device or the value of a quantity. the semiconductor from which it is constructed. { sens } { ¦semиiиkən¦dəkиtər dı ¯ o ¯ d} sensible heat [ THERMO ] 1. The heat absorbed semiconductor-diode parametric amplifier or evolved by a substance during a change of [ ELECTR ] Parametric amplifier using one or temperature that is not accompanied by a more varactors. { ¦semиiиkən¦dəkиtər ¦dı ¯ o ¯ d ¦parи change of state. 2. See enthalpy. { senиsəи ə¦meиtrik amиpləfı ¯ иər} bəl he ¯ t} semiconductor doping See doping. { ¦semиiи sensible-heat factor [ THERMO ] The ratio of kən¦dəkиtər do ¯ pиiŋ } semiconductor heterostructure [ ELECTR ] A space sensible heat to space total heat; used 488 sequential collation of range for air-conditioning calculations. Abbreviated separation [ CHEM ENG ] The separation of liq- SHF. { senиsəиbəl ¦he ¯ t fakиtər} uids or gases in a mixture, as by distillation sensible-heat flow [ THERMO ] The heat given up or extraction. [ ENG ] 1. The action segregating or absorbed by a body upon being cooled or phases, such as gas-liquid, gas-solid, liquid- heated, as the result of the body’s ability to hold solid. 2. The segregation of solid particles by heat; excludes latent heats of fusion and vapor- size range, as in screening. [ ENG ACOUS ] The ization. { senиsəиbəl ¦he ¯ t flo ¯ } degree, expressed in decibels, to which left and sensing element See sensor. { sensиiŋelиəи right stereo channels are isolated from each mənt } other. { sepиəra ¯ иshən} sensitive altimeter [ ENG ] An aneroid altimeter separation theorem [ CONT SYS ] A theorem in constructed torespond to pressure changes (alti- optimal control theory which states that the so- tude changes) with a high degree of sensitivity; lution to the linear quadratic Gaussian problem it contains two or more pointers to refer to differ- separates into the optimal deterministic control- ent scales, calibrated in hundreds of feet, thou- ler (that is, the optimal controller for the corres- sands of feet, and so on. { senиsədиiv altimи ponding problem without noise) in which the ədиər} state used is obtained as the output of an opti- sensitivity [ ELECTR ] 1. The minimum input sig- mal state estimator. { sepиəra ¯ иshən thirиəm} nal requiredto produce a specified output signal, separator [ ELEC ] A porous insulating sheet for a radio receiver or similar device. 2. Of a used between the plates of a storage battery. camera tube, the signal current developed per [ ELECTR ] A circuit that separates one type of unit incident radiation, that is, per watt per unit signal from another by clipping, differentiating, area. [ ENG ] 1. A measure of the ease with or integrating action. [ ENG ] 1. A machine for which a substance can be caused to explode. separating materials of different specific gravity 2. A measure of the effect of a change in severity by means of water or air. 2. Any machine for of engine-operating conditions on the antiknock separating materials, as the magnetic separator. performance of a fuel; expressed as the differ- [ MECH ENG ] See cage. { sepиəra ¯ dиər} ence between research and motor octane separator-filter [ ENG ] A vessel that removes numbers. Also known as spread. { senиsə solids and entrained liquid from a liquid or gas tivиədиe ¯ } stream, using a combination of a baffle or co- sensitivity function [ CONT SYS ] The ratio of the alescer with a screening (filtering) element. fractional change in the system response of a { sepиəra ¯ dиər filиtər} feedback-compensated feedback control system sepatrix [ CONT SYS ] A curve in the phase plane to the fractional change in an open-loop parame- of a control system representing the solution to ter, for some specified parameter variation. the equations of motion of the system which { senиsətivиədиe ¯ fəŋkиshən} would cause the system to move to an unstable sensitometer [ ENG ] An instrument for measur- point. { sepиətriks } ing the sensitivity of light-sensitive materials. septic tank [ CIV ENG ] A settling tank in which { senиsəta ¨ mиədиər} settled sludge is in immediate contact with sew- sensor [ ENG ] The generic name for a device age flowing through the tank while solids are that senses either the absolute value or a change decomposed by anaerobic bacterial action. in a physical quantity such as temperature, pres- { sepиtik taŋk} sure, flow rate, or pH, or the intensity of light, sequence [ ENG ] An orderly progression of sound, or radio waves and converts that change items of information or of operations in accor- into a useful input signal for an information- dance with some rule. { se ¯ иkwəns } gathering system; a television camera is there- sequencer [ ENG ] A mechanical or electronic fore a sensor, and a transducer is a special type device that may be set to initiate a series of of sensor. Also known as primary detector; events and to make the events follow in a given sensing element. { senиsər} sequence. { se ¯ иkwənиsər} sensory control [ CONT SYS ] Control of a robot’s sequence robot See preprogrammed robot. { se ¯ и actions on the basis of its sensor readings. kwəns ro ¯ ba ¨ t} { senиsəиre ¯ kəntro ¯ l} sequence-stressing loss [ ENG ] In postten- sensory controlled robot [ CONT SYS ] A robot sioning, theloss ofelasticity in a stressed tendon whose programmed sequence of instructions that results from the shortening of the member can be modified by information about the envi- as additional tendons are stressed. { se ¯ иkwəns ronment received by the robot’s sensors. stresиiŋlo ˙ s} { senиsəиre ¯ kəntro ¯ ld ro ¯ ba ¨ t} sequencing [ IND ENG ] Designating the order of separate sewage system [ CIV ENG ] A drainage performance of tasks to assure optimal utiliza- system in which sewage and groundwater are tion of available production facilities. { se ¯ и carried in separate sewers. { sepиrət su ¨ иij kwənsиiŋ } sisиtəm} sequential collation of range [ ENG ] Spherical, separating power [ CHEM ENG ] The measure of long-baseline, phase-comparison trajectory- the ability of a system (such as a rectifying sys- measuring system using three or more ground tem) to separate the components of a mixture, stations, time-sharing a single transponder, to when the components have increasingly close boiling points. { sepиəra ¯ dиiŋpau ˙ иər } provide nonambiguous range measurements to 489 sequential logic element determine the instantaneous position of a vehi- such as serviceability ratio, utilization ratio, or cle in flight. { sikwenиchəlkəla ¯ иshən əv ra ¯ nj } operating ratio. { sərиvəиsəbilиədиe ¯ } sequential logic element [ ELECTR ] A circuit el- serviceability ratio [ IND ENG ] The ratio of up ement having at least one input channel, at least time to the sum of up time and down time. one output channel, and at least one internal { sərиvəиsəbilиədиe ¯ ra ¯ иsho ¯ } state variable, so designed and constructed that service agreement [ ENG ] A contract which the output signals depend on the past and pres- agrees to provide mechanical maintenance of a ent states of the inputs. { sikwenиchəl ¦la ¨ jиik machine for a fixed period of time at a stated elиəиmənt } charge. { sərиvəs əgre ¯ иmənt } sequential sampling [ IND ENG ] A sampling service brake [ MECH ENG ] The brake used for plan in which an undetermined number of sam- ordinary driving in an automotive vehicle; usu- ples are tested one by one, accumulating the ally foot-operated. { sərиvəs bra ¯ k} results until a decision can be made. { sikwenи service dead load [ ENG ] The calculated dead chəl samиpliŋ } load that will be supported by a member. { ¦sərи serial [ IND ENG ] An element or a group of ele- vəs ded lo ¯ d} ments within a series which is given a numerical service engineering [ ENG ] The function of de- or alphabetical designation for convenience in termining the integrity of material and services planning, scheduling, and control. { sirиe ¯ иəl} in order to measure and maintain operational series [ ELEC ] An arrangementof circuitcompo- reliability, approve design changes, and assure nents end to end to form a single path for cur- their conformance with established specifica- rent. { sirиe ¯ z} tions and standards. { sərиvəs enиjənirиiŋ } series circuit [ ELEC ] A circuit in which all parts service factor [ ENG ] For a chemical or a petro- are connected end to end to provide a single leum processing plant or its equipment, the path for current. { sirиe ¯ z sərиkət} measure of the continuity of an operation, com- series compensation [ CONT SYS ] See cascade puted by dividing the time on-stream (actual compensation. [ ELEC ] The insertion of vari- running time) by the total elapsed time. { sərи able, controlled, high-voltage series capacitors vəs fakиtər} into transmission lines in order to modify the service life [ ENG ] The length of time during impedance structure of a transmission network which a machine, tool, or other apparatus or so as to adjust the power-flow distribution on device can be operated or used economically or individual lines and thus increase the power flow before breakdown. { sərиvəs lı ¯ f} across such compensated lines. { sirиe ¯ z ka ¨ mи service pipe [ CIV ENG ] A pipe linking a building pənsa ¯ иshən} to a main pipe. { sərиvəs pı ¯ p} series connection [ ELEC ] A connection that service road [ CIV ENG ] A small road parallel to forms a series circuit. { sirиe ¯ zkənekиshən} the main road for convenient access to shops series firing [ ENG ] The firing of detonators in a and houses. { sərиvəs ro ¯ d} round of shots by passing the total supply cur- service time See machine attention time. { sərи rent through each of the detonators. { sirиe ¯ z vəs tı ¯ m} fı ¯ rиiŋ } service valve [ ENG ] In a pipework system, a series-parallel firing [ ENG ] The firing of deto- valve that isolates a piece of equipment from nators in a round of shots by dividing the total the rest of the system. { sərиvəs valv } supply current into branches, each containing a service wires [ ELEC ] The conductors that bring certain number of detonators wired in series. the electric power into a building. { sərиvəs { sirиe ¯ z ¦parиəlel ¦fı ¯ rиiŋ } wı ¯ rz } series production [ IND ENG ] The manufacture servicing [ ENG ] Replacement of consumable of a product or service by a group of operations material or items needed to keep equipment in sequenced so that all materials will be routed operating condition; does not include preventive successively through each production state. or corrective maintenance. { sərиvəsиiŋ } Also known as batch production. { sirиe ¯ z servo See servomotor. { sərиvo ¯ } prədəkиshən} servoarm attachment [ MECH ENG ] A device series reliability [ SYS ENG ] Property of a system that enhances the maximum distance over which composed of elements in such a way that failure the manipulator of a simple robot can travel. of anyone element causes a failure of thesystem. { sərиvo ¯ a ¨ rm ətachиmənt } { sirиe ¯ zrilı ¯ иəbilиədиe ¯ } servo brake [ MECH ENG ] 1. A brake in which series shots [ ENG ] The connecting and firing of the motion of the vehicle is used to increase the a number of loaded holes one after the other. pressure on one of the shoes. 2. A brake in { sirиe ¯ z sha ¨ ts } which the force applied by the operator is aug- serpentine cooler See cascade cooler. { sərи mented by a power-driven mechanism. { sərи pənte ¯ n ku ¨ lиər} vo ¯ bra ¯ k} service [ ENG ] To perform services of mainte- servolink [ CONT SYS ] A power amplifier, usually nance, supply, repair, installation, distribution, mechanical, by which signals at a low power level and so on, for or upon an instrument, installa- are made to operate control surfaces requiring tion, vehicle, or territory. { sərиvəs} relatively large power inputs, for example, a relay serviceability [ IND ENG ] The reliability of equipment according to some objective criterion and motor-driven actuator. { sərиvo ¯ liŋk} 490 settlement servo loop See single-loop servomechanism. intermediate formations and prevent fluids from entering the hole. { set ka ¯ sиiŋ } { sərиvo ¯ lu ¨ p} set forward [ MECH ] Relative forward move- servomechanism [ CONT SYS ] An automatic ment of component parts which occurs in a pro- feedback control system for mechanical motion; jectile, missile, or bomb in flight when impact it applies only to those systems in which the occurs; the effect is due to inertia and is opposite controlled quantity or output is mechanical posi- in direction to setback. { set fo ˙ rиwərd } tion or one of its derivatives (velocity, accelera- set forward force [ MECH ] The forward force of tion, and so on). Also known as servo system. inertia which is created by the deceleration of a { ¦sərиvo ¯ mekиənizиəm} projectile, missile, or bomb when impact occurs; servomotor [ CONT SYS ] The electric, hydraulic, the forces are directly proportional to the decel- or other type of motor that serves as the final eration and mass of the parts being decelerated. control element in a servomechanism; it receives Also known as impact force. { set fo ˙ rиwərd power from the amplifier element and drives the fo ˙ rs } load with a linear or rotary motion. Also known set forward point [ MECH ] A point on the expec- as servo. { sərиvo ¯ mo ¯ dиər} ted course of the target at which it is predicted servonoise [ ENG ] Hunting action of the the target will arrive at the end of the time of tracking servomechanism of a radar, which re- flight. { set fo ˙ rиwərd po ˙ int } sults from backlash and compliance in the gears, set hammer [ DES ENG ] 1. A hammer used as a shafts, and structures of the mount. { sərи shaping tool by blacksmiths. 2. A hollow-face vo ¯ no ˙ iz } tool used in setting rivets. { set hamиər} servo system See servomechanism. { sərиvo ¯ setover [ ENG ] A device which helps move a sisиtəm} lathe tailstock or headstock on its base so that servovalve [ MECH ENG ] A transducer in which a taper on a turned piece can be obtained. a low-energy signal controls a high-energy fluid { seto ¯ иvər} flow so that the flow is proportional to the signal. set point [ CONT SYS ] The value selected to be { sərиvo ¯ valv } maintained by an automatic controller. { set set [ ELECTR ] The placement of a storage device po ˙ int } in a prescribed state, for example, a binary stor- set pressure [ MECH ENG ] The inlet pressure at age cell in the high or 1 state. [ ENG ] 1. A which a relief valve begins to open as required by combination of units, assemblies, and parts con- the code or standard applicable to the pressure nected or otherwise used together to perform an vessel to be protected. { set preshиər} operational function, such as a radar set. 2. In set screw [ DES ENG ] A small headless machine plastics processing, the conversion of a liquid screw, usually having a point at one end and a resin or adhesive into a solid state by curing or recessed hexagonal socket or a slot at the other evaporation of solvent or suspending medium, end, used for such purposes as holding a knob or by gelling. 3. Saw teeth bent out of the plane or gear on a shaft. { set skru ¨ } of the saw body, resulting in a wide cut in the setting angle [ MECH ENG ] The angle, usually workpiece. [ MECH ] See permanent set. 90Њ, between the straight portion of the tool { set } shank of the machined portion of the work. setback [ BUILD ] 1. A withdrawal of the face of { sedиiŋaŋиgəl} a buildingto a line toward the rear of the building setting circle [ ENG ] A coordinate scale on an line or the rear of the wall below in order to optical pointing instrument, such as a telescope reduce obstruction of sunlight reaching the or surveyor’s transit. { sedиiŋsərиkəl} street or the lower stories of adjacent buildings. setting gage [ ENG ] A standard gage for testing 2. See offset. [ CIV ENG ] The distance that a a limit gage or setting an adjustable limit gage. section of a building is set back from the property { sedиiŋga ¯ j} line as required by local zoning codes. [ MECH ] setting temperature [ ENG ] The temperature at The relative rearward movement of component which a liquid resin or adhesive, or an assembly parts in a projectile, missile, or fuse undergoing involving them, will set, that is, harden, gel, or forward acceleration during its launching; these cure. { sedиiŋtemиprəиchər} movements, and the setback force which causes setting time [ ENG ] The length of time that a them, are used to promote events which partici- resin or adhesive must be subjected to heat or pate in the arming and eventual functioning of pressure to cause them to set, that is, harden, the fuse. { setbak } gel, or cure. { sedиiŋtı ¯ m} setback force [ MECH ] The rearward force of in- settleable solids test [ CIV ENG ] A test used in ertia which is created by the forward acceleration examination of sewage to help determine the of a projectile or missile during its launching sludge-producing characteristics of sewage; a phase; the forces are directly proportional to the measurement of the part of the suspended solids acceleration and mass of the parts being acceler- heavy enough to settle is made in an Imhoff ated. { setbak fo ˙ rs } cone. { sedиəlиəиbəl sa ¨ lиədz test } set bit [ DES ENG ] A bit insert with diamonds or settlement [ CIV ENG ] The gradual downward other cutting media. { set bit } movement of an engineering structure, due to set casing [ ENG ] Introducing cement between compression of the soil below the foundation. { sedиəlиmənt }the casing and the wall of the hole to seal off 491 settler settler [ ENG ] A separator, such as a tub, pan, building, and apparatus employed in the treat- ment of sewage by chemical precipitation or fil- vat, or tank in which the partial separation of a tration, bacterial action, or some other method. mixture is made by density difference; used to { su ¨ иij di¦spo ¯ zиəl plant } separate solids from liquid or gas, immiscible sewage sludge [ CIV ENG ] A semiliquid waste liquid from liquid, or liquid from gas. { setиlər} with a solid concentration in excess of 2500 parts settling [ ENG ] The gravity separation of heavy per million, obtained from the purification of from light materials; for example, the settling municipal sewage. Also known as sludge. out of dense solids or heavy liquid droplets from { su ¨ иij sləj} a liquid carrier, or the settling out of heavy solid sewage system [ CIV ENG ] A drainage system grains from a mixture of solid grains of different for carrying surface water and sewage for dis- densities. { setиliŋ } posal. { su ¨ иij sisиtəm} settling basin [ CIV ENG ] An artificial trap de- sewage treatment [ CIV ENG ] A process for the signed to collect suspended stream sediment purification of mixtures of human and other do- before discharge of the stream into a reservoir. mestic wastes; the process can be aerobic or [ IND ENG ] A sedimentation area designed to anaerobic. { su ¨ иij tre ¯ tиmənt } remove pollutants from factory effluents. { setи sewer [ CIV ENG ] An underground pipe or open liŋba ¯ sиən} channel in a sewage system for carrying water settling chamber [ ENG ] A vessel in which solids or sewage to a disposal area. { su ¨ иər} or heavy liquid droplets settle out of a liquid sewerage See sewage. { su ¨ иəиrij } sewing machine [ MECH ENG ] A mechanismcarrier by gravity during processing or storage. that stitches cloth, leather, book pages, or other { setиliŋcha ¯ mиbər} material by means of a double-pointed or eye- settling reservoir [ CIV ENG ] A reservoir con- pointed needle. { so ¯ иiŋ məshe ¯ n} sisting of a series of basins connected in steps SFC See specific fuel consumption. by long weirs; only the clear top layer of each shackle [ DES ENG ] An open or closed link of basin is drawn off. { setиliŋrezиəvwa ¨ r} various shapes with extended legs; each leg has settling tank [ ENG ] A tank into which a two- a transverse hole to accommodate a pin, bolt, phase mixture is fed and the entrained solids or the like, which may or may not be furnished. settle by gravity during storage. { setиliŋtaŋk} { shakиəl} settling time See correction time. { setиliŋtı ¯ m} shackle bolt [ DES ENG ] A cylindrically shaped settling velocity [ MECH ] The velocity reached metal bar for connecting the ends of a shackle. by a particle as it falls through a fluid, dependent { shakиəl bo ¯ lt } on its size and shape, and the difference between shading coefficient [ ENG ] A ratio of the solar its specific gravity and that of the settling me- energy transmitted through a window to the inci- dium; used to sort particles by grain size. { setи dent solar energy; used to express the effective- liŋ vəla ¨ sиədиe ¯ } ness of a shading device. { sha ¯ dиiŋko ¯ иifishи setup [ ELECTR ] The ratio between the reference ənt } black level and the reference white level in televi- shading ring [ ENG ACOUS ] A heavy copper ring sion, both measured from the blanking level; sometimes placed around the central pole of an usually expressed as a percentage. [ IND ENG ] electrodynamic loudspeaker to serve as a The preparation of a facility or a machine for a shorted turn that suppresses the hum voltage specific work method, activity, or process. produced by the field coil. { sha ¯ dиiŋriŋ } { sedəp} shadow photometer [ ENG ] A simple photome- ter in which a rod is placed in front of a screen setup person [ CONT SYS ] A person who uses a and two light sources to be compared are ad- teach pendant to instruct a robot in its motions. justed in position until their shadows touch and { sedəp pərиsən} are equal in intensity. { shadиo ¯ fo ¯ ta ¨ mиədиər} setup time [ CONT SYS ] The total time needed shaft [ MECH ENG ] A cylindrical piece of metal to prepare a robot to carry out a task, including used to carry rotating machine parts, such as the time required to obtain the proper tools or pulleys and gears, to transmit power or mo- end effectors and any work pieces. [ IND ENG ] tion. { shaft } In manufacturing operations, the time needed shaft balancing [ DES ENG ] The process of redis- to perform tasks involved in starting up an opera- tributing the mass attached to a rotating body tion. Also known as start-up time. { sedəp in order to reduce vibrations arising from centrif- tı ¯ m} ugal force. Also known as rotor balancing. severity factor [ CHEM ENG ] A measure of the { shaft balиənsиiŋ } severeness or intensity of overall reaction condi- shaft furnace [ ENG ] A vertical, refractory-lined tions in a chemical reaction; for example, the cylinder in which a fixed bed (or descending col- temperature, pressure, or conversion in a cata- umn) of solids is maintained, and through which lytic cracker or reformer. { siverиədиe ¯ fakиtər} an ascending stream of hot gas is forced; for sewage [ CIV ENG ] The fluid discharge from example, thepig-iron blast furnace and the phos- medical, domestic, and industrial sanitary appli- phors-from-phosphate-rock furnace. { shaft ances. Also known as sewerage. { su ¨ иij } ¦fərиnəs} shaft hopper [ MECH ENG ] A hopper that feeds sewage disposal plant [ CIV ENG ] The land, 492 shearing machine shafts or tubes to grinders, threaders, screw bending, pressing, or otherwise shaping a mate- rial to a desired form. { sha ¯ pиiŋdı ¯ z}machines, and tube benders. { shaft ¦ha ¨ pиər} shaft horsepower [ MECH ENG ] The output shapometer [ ENG ] A device used to measure the shape of sedimentary particles. { sha ¯ pa ¨ mиpower of an engine, motor, or other prime mover; or the input power to a compressor or pump. ədиər} sharp-crested weir [ CIV ENG ] A weir in which{ shaft ho ˙ rspau ˙ иər} shafting [ MECH ENG ] The cylindrical machine the water flows over a thin, sharp edge. { sha ¨ rp ¦kresиtəd wer }element used to transmit rotary motion and power from a driver to a driven element; for ex- sharpen [ ENG ] To give a thin keen edge or a sharp acute point to. { sha ¨ rиpən}ample, a steam turbine driving a ship’s propeller. { shaftиiŋ } sharpening stone [ ENG ] Adevice such as a whetstone used for sharpening by hand. shaft kiln [ ENG ] A kiln in which raw material fed into the top, moves down through hot gases { sha ¨ rиpəиniŋsto ¯ n} sharp iron [ ENG ] A tool used to open seams forflowing up from burners on either side at the bottom, and emerges as a product from the bot- caulking. { sha ¨ rp ı ¯ иərn } sharp V thread [ DES ENG ] A screw thread hav-tom; used for calcining operations. { shaft ¦kil } shaft spillway [ CIV ENG ] A vertical shaft which ing a sharp crest and root; the included angle is usually 60Њ.{sha ¨ rp ve ¯ thred }has a funnel-shaped mouth and ends in an outlet tunnel, providing an overflow duct for a reservoir. shattering [ MECH ] The breaking up into highly irregular, angular blocks of a very hard materialAlso known as morning glory spillway. { shaft spilwa ¯ } that has been subjected to severe stresses. { shadиəиriŋ } shakedown test [ ENG ] An equipment test made during the installation work. { sha ¯ k shave hook [ DES ENG ] A plumber’s or metal- worker’s tool composed of a sharp-edged steeldau ˙ n test } shake table See vibration machine. { sha ¯ k ta ¯ и plate on a shank; used for scraping metal. { sha ¯ v hu ˙ k}bəl} shake-table test [ ENG ] A laboratory test for vi- shaving [ ENG ACOUS ] Removing material from the surface of a disk recording medium to obtainbration tolerance, in which the device to be tested is placed on a shake table. { sha ¯ k ¦ta ¯ и a new recording surface. [ MECH ENG ] 1. Cut- ting off a thin layer from the surface of a work-bəl test } shaking-out [ CHEM ENG ] A procedure in which piece. 2. Trimming uneven edges from stamp- ings, forgings, and tubing. { sha ¯ vиiŋ }a sample of crude oil is centrifuged at high speed to separate its components; used to determine shear [ DES ENG ] A cutting tool having two op- posing blades between which a material is cut.sediment and water content. { sha ¯ kиiŋau ˙ t} shaking screen [ MECH ENG ] A screen used in [ ENG ] An apparatus for hoisting heavy loads consisting of two or more poles fastened to-separating material into desired sizes; has an eccentric drive or an unbalanced rotating weight gether at their upper ends and spread apart at their lower ends, secured or steadied by a guyto produce shaking. { sha ¯ kиiŋskre ¯ n} shank [ DES ENG ] 1. The end of a tool which fits or guys, and provided with a tackle. Also known as shear legs. [ MECH ] See shear strain.into a drawing holder, as on a drill. 2. See bit blank. { shaŋk } { shir } shear angle [ MECH ENG ] The angle made by shank-type cutter [ DES ENG ] A cutter having a shank to fit into the machine tool spindle or the shear plane with the work surface. { shir aŋиgəl}adapter. { shaŋk tı ¯ p kədиər} shape coding [ DES ENG ] The use of special shear cell [ ENG ] The component for holding the powder in an apparatus for making measure-shapes for control knobs, to permit recognition and sometimes also position monitoring by ments of the failure properties of a sample of powder. { shir sel }sense of touch. { sha ¯ p ko ¯ dиiŋ } shaped-chamber manometer [ ENG ] A flow shear center See center of twist. { shir senиtər} shear diagram [ MECH ] A diagram in which themeasurement device that measures differential pressure with a uniform flow-rate scale with a shear at every point along a beam is plotted as an ordinate. { shir dı ¯ иəgram }specially shaped chamber. { sha ¯ pt ¦cha ¯ mиbər məna ¨ mиədиər} shear fracture [ MECH ] A fracture resulting from shear stress. { shir frakиchər} shape factor [ ELEC ] See form factor. [ ELECTR ] The ratio of the 60-decibel bandwidth of a band- shearing [ MECH ENG ] Separation ofmaterial by the cutting action of shears. { shirиiŋ }pass filter to the 3-decibel bandwidth. { sha ¯ p fakиtər} shearing die [ MECH ENG ] A die with a punch for shearing the work from the stock. { shirи shaper [ MECH ENG ] A machine tool for cutting flat-on-flat, contoured surfaces by reciprocating iŋdı ¯ } shearing forces [ MECH ] Two forces that area single-point tool across the workpiece. { sha ¯ иpər } equal in magnitude, opposite in direction, and act along two distinct parallel lines. { she ¯ rиiŋ shaping circuit See corrective network. { sha ¯ pиiŋ sərиkət} fo ˙ rsиəz} shearing machine [ MECH ENG ] A machine for shaping dies [ MECH ENG ] A set of dies for 493 shearing punch cutting cloth or bars, sheets, or plates of metal shear test [ ENG ] Any of various tests to deter- mine shear strength of soil samples. { shir or other material. { shirиiŋ məshe ¯ n} test } shearing punch [ MECH ENG ] A punch that cuts shear wave [ MECH ] A wave that causes an ele- material by shearing it, with minimal crushing ment of an elastic medium to change its shape effect. { shirиiŋpənch } without changing its volume. Also known as shearing strain [ MECH ] The distortion that re- rotational wave. { shir wa ¯ v} sults from motion of material on opposite sides sheath [ ELEC ] A protective outside covering on of a plane in opposite directions parallel to the a cable. [ ELECTR ] A space charge formed by plane. { shirиiŋstra ¯ n} ions near an electrode in a gas tube. { she ¯ th } shearing stress [ MECH ] A stress in which the sheathed explosive [ ENG ] A permitted explo- material on one side of a surface pushes on the sive enveloped by a sheath containing a non- material on the other side of the surface with a combustible powder which reduces the tempera- force which is parallel to the surface. Also ture of the resultant gases of the explosion and, known as shear stress; tangential stress. { shirи therefore, reduces the risk of these hot gases iŋstres } causing a firedamp ignition. { she ¯ thd iksplo ¯ и shearing tool [ DES ENG ] A cutting tool (for a siv } lathe, for example) with a considerable angle sheave [ DES ENG ] A grooved wheel or pulley. between its face and a line perpendicular to the { she ¯ v} surface being cut. { shirиiŋtu ¨ l} sheepsfoot roller [ DES ENG ] A cylindrical steel shear legs See shear. { shir legz } drum to which knob-headed spikes are fastened; shear mark [ ENG ] A crease on a piece of used for compacting earth. Also known as pressed glass; results when the piece is sheared tamping roller. { she ¯ psfu ˙ t ro ¯ lиər} off for pressing. { shir ma ¨ rk } sheepskin wheel [ DES ENG ] A polishing wheel shear modulus See modulus of elasticity in shear. made of sheepskin disks or wedges either quilted { shir ma ¨ jиəиləs} or glued together. { she ¯ pskin we ¯ l} shear pin [ DES ENG ] 1. A pin or wire provided in sheet forming [ ENG ] The process of producing a fuse design to hold parts in a fixed relationship thin, flat sections of solid materials; for example, until forces are exerted on one or more of the sheet metal, sheet plastic, or sheet glass. parts which cause shearing of the pin or wire; { she ¯ t fo ˙ rmиiŋ } sheet-metal screw See self-tapping screw. { she ¯ t the shearing is usually accomplished by setback ¦medиəl skru ¨ } or set forward (impact) forces; the shear member sheet piling [ CIV ENG ] Closely spaced piles of may be augmented during transportation by an wood, steel, or concrete driven vertically into the additional safety device. 2. In a propellant-ac- ground to obstruct lateral movement of earth or tuated device, a locking member which is re- water, and often to form an integral part of the leased by shearing. 3. In a power train, such permanent structure. { she ¯ t pı ¯ lиiŋ } as a winch, any pin, as through a gear and shaft, sheet train [ ENG ] The entire assembly needed which is designed to fail at a predetermined force to produce plastic sheet; includes the extruder, in order to protect a mechanism. { shir pin } die, polish rolls, conveyor, draw rolls, cutter, and shear plane [ MECH ] A confined zone along stacker. { she ¯ t tra ¯ n} which fracture occurs in metal cutting. { shir Shelby tube [ ENG ] A thin-shelled tube used to pla ¯ n} take deep-soil samples; the tube is pushed into shear spinning [ MECH ENG ] A sheet-metal- the undisturbed soil at the bottom of the casting forming process which forms parts with rota- of the borehole driven into the ground. { shelи tional symmetry over a mandrel with the use of be ¯ tu ¨ b} a tool or roller in which deformation is carried shelf angle [ CIV ENG ] A mild steel angle sec- out with a roller in such a manner that the diame- tion, riveted or welded to the web of an I beam ter of the original blank does not change but the to support the formwork for hollow tiles or the thickness of the part decreases by an amount floor or roof units, or to form a seat for precast dependent on the mandrel angle. { shir concrete. { shelf aŋиgəl} spinиiŋ } shelf life [ ENG ] The time that elapses before shear strain [ MECH ] Also known as shear. stored food, chemicals, batteries, and other ma- 1. A deformation of a solid body in which a plane terials or devices become inoperative or unus- in the body is displaced parallel to itself relative able due to age or deterioration. { shelf lı ¯ f} to parallel planes in the body; quantitatively, it shell [ BUILD ] A building without internal parti- is the displacement of any plane relative to a tions or furnishings. [ DES ENG ] 1. The case of second plane, divided by the perpendicular dis- a pulley block. 2. A thin hollow cylinder. 3. A tance between planes. 2. The force causing hollow hemispherical structure. 4. The outer such deformation. { shir stra ¯ n} wall of a vessel or tank. { shel } shear strength [ MECH ] 1. The maximum shear shellac wheel [ DES ENG ] A grinding wheel hav- stress which a material can withstand without ing the abrasive bonded with shellac. { shə rupture. 2. The ability of a material to with- lak we ¯ l} stand shear stress. { shir streŋkth } shell-and-tube exchanger [ ENG ] A device for the transfer of heat from a hot fluid to a cooler shear stress See shearing stress. { shir stres } 494 shock fluid; one fluid passes through a group (bundle) cemented into the lumber core itself. 2. A thin of tubes, the other passes around the tubes, piece of material placed between two surfaces through a surrounding shell. Also known as tu- to obtain a proper fit, adjustment, or align- bular exchanger. { ¦shel ən ¦tu ¨ b ikscha ¯ nиjər} ment. { shim } shell capacity [ ENG ] The amount of liquid that shimmy [ MECH ] Excessive vibration of the front a tank car or tank truck will hold when the liquid wheels of a wheeled vehicle causing a jerking just touches the underside of the top of the tank motion of the steering wheel. { shimиe ¯ } shell. { shel kəpasиədиe ¯ } shingle lap [ DES ENG ] A lap joint in which the shell clearance [ DES ENG ] The difference be- two surfaces are tapered, with the thinner surface tween the outside diameter of a bit or core barrel lapped over the thicker one. { shiŋиgəl lap } and the outside set or gage diameter of a ream- shingle nail [ DES ENG ] A nail about a half to a ing shell. { shel klirиəns } full gage thicker than a common nail of the same shell innage [ ENG ] The depth of a liquid in a length. { shiŋиgəl na ¯ l} tank car or tank truck shell. { shel inиij } ship auger [ DES ENG ] An auger consisting of a shell knocker [ ENG ] A device to strike the exter- spiral body having a single cutting edge, with or nal surface of a horizontally rotating process ves- without a screw; there is no spur at the outer sel (for example, a kiln or a dryer) to loosen end of the cutting edge. { ship o ˙ gиər} accumulations of solid materials from the inner shipbuilding [ CIV ENG ] The construction of walls or flights of the shell. Also known as ships. { shipbilиdiŋ } knocker. { shel na ¨ kиər} shipfitter [ CIV ENG ] A worker who builds the shell outage [ ENG ] The unfilled portion of a steel structure of a ship, including laying-off and tank car or tank truck shell; the distance from fabricating the individual members, subassem- the underside of the top of the shell to the level bly, and erection on the shipway. { shipfidиər} of the liquid in the shell. { shel au ˙ dиij } ship motion [ ENG ] Translational and rotational shell pump [ MECH ENG ] A simple pump for re- motions of a ship in a wave system which cause moving wet sand or mud; consists of a hollow the center of gravity to deviate from simple cylinder with a ball or clack valve at the bottom. straight-line motion; these motions are heave, { shel pəmp } surge, sway, roll, pitch, and yaw. { ship mo ¯ и shell reamer [ DES ENG ] A machine reamer con- shən} sisting of two parts, the arbor and the replace- shipping andstorage container [ IND ENG ] A re- able reamer, with straight or spiral flutes; de- usable noncollapsible container of any configu- signed as a sizing or finishing reamer. { shel ration designed to provide protection for a spe- re ¯ mиər} cific item against impact, vibration, climatic con- shell roof [ BUILD ] A roof made of a thin, curved, ditions, and the like, during handling, shipment, platelike structure, usually of concrete but lum- and storage. { shipиiŋən sto ˙ rиij kənta ¯ иnər} ber and steel are also used. { shel ru ¨ f} shipping document [ IND ENG ] A document list- shell still [ CHEM ENG ] A distillation device for- ing the items in a shipment, and showing other merly used in petroleum refineries; oil was supply and transportation information that is charged into a closed, cylindrical shell and heat required by agencies concerned in the move- was applied to the outside of the bottom by a ment of material. { shipиiŋda ¨ kиyəиmənt } firebox. { shel stil } shipping time [ ENG ] The timeelapsing between Shenstone effect [ ELECTR ] An increase in pho- the shipment of material by the supplying activ- toelectric emission of certain metals following ity and receipt of material by the requiring activ- passage of an electric current. { shensto ¯ n ity. { shipиiŋtı ¯ m} ifekt } shipping ton See ton. { shipиiŋtən} SHF See sensible-heat factor. shipway [ CIV ENG ] 1. The ways on which a ship shield [ ENG ] An iron, steel, or wood framework is constructed. 2. The supports placed under- used to support the ground ahead of the lining neath a ship in dry dock. { shipwa ¯ } in tunneling and mining. { she ¯ ld } shipwright [ CIV ENG ] A worker whose responsi- shielded wire [ ELEC ] Insulated wire covered bility is to ensure that the structure of a ship is with a metal shield, usually of tinned braided straight and true and to the designed dimen- copper wire. { she ¯ lиdəd wı ¯ r} sions; the work starts with the laying down of shift [ IND ENG ] The number of hours or the part the keel blocks and continues throughout the of any day worked. Also known as tour. steelwork; applicable also to wood ship build- [ MECH ENG ] To changethe ratio of the driving to ers. { shiprı ¯ t} the driven gears to obtain the desired rotational shipyard [ CIV ENG ] A facility adjacent to deep speed or to avoid overloading and stalling an water where ships are constructed or repaired. engine or a motor. { shift } { shipya ¨ rd } shift joint [ BUILD ] A vertical joint placed on a SHM See harmonic motion. solid member of the course below. { shift shock [ MECH ] A pulse or transient motion or jo ˙ int } force lasting thousandths to tenths of a second shift work [ IND ENG ] Work paid for by day wage. which is capable of exciting mechanical reso- { shift wərk } nances; for example, a blast produced by explo- shim [ ENG ] 1. In the manufacture of plywood, a long, narrow patch glued into the panel or sives. { sha ¨ k} 495 shock absorber shock absorber [ MECH ENG ] A spring, a dash- Shore hardness [ ENG ] A method of rating the pot, or a combination of the two, arranged to hardness of a metal or of a plastic or rubber minimize the acceleration of the mass of a mech- material. { sho ˙ r ha ¨ rdиnəs} anism or portion thereof with respect to its frame shore protection [ CIV ENG ] Preventing erosion or support. { sha ¨ k əbzo ˙ rиbər} of the ground bordering a body of water. { sho ˙ r shock isolation [ MECH ENG ] The application of prətekиshən} isolators to alleviate the effects of shock on a Shore scleroscope [ ENG ] A device used in re- mechanical device or system. { sha ¨ k ı ¯ иsəla ¯ и bound hardness testing of rubber, metal, and shən} plastic; consists of a small, conical hammer fit- Shockley diode [ ELECTR ] A pnpn silicon con- ted with a diamond point and acting in a glass trolled switch having characteristics that permit tube. { sho ˙ r sklerиəsko ¯ p} operation as a unidirectional diode switch. shoring [ ENG ] Providing temporary support { sha ¨ kиle ¯ dı ¯ иo ¯ d} with shores to a building or an excavation. shock mount [ MECH ENG ] A mount used with { sho ˙ rиiŋ } sensitive equipment to reduce or prevent trans- short [ ELEC ] See short circuit. [ ENG ] In plas- mission of shock motion to the equipment. tics injection molding, the failure to fill the mold { sha ¨ k mau ˙ nt } completely. Also known as short shot. shock resistance [ ENG ] The property which { sho ˙ rt } prevents cracking or general rupture when im- short circuit [ ELEC ] A low-resistance connec- pacted. { sha ¨ krizisиtəns } tion across a voltage source or between both shock test [ ENG ] The test to determine whether sides of a circuit or line, usually accidental and the armor sample will crack or spall under impact usually resulting in excessive current flow that by kinetic energy or high-explosive projectiles. may cause damage. Also known as short. { sha ¨ k test } { sho ˙ rt sərиkət} shock tunnel [ ENG ] A hypervelocity wind tun- short-circuiting transfer [ ENG ] Transfer of nel in which a shock wave generated in a shock melted material from a consumable electrode tube ruptures a second diaphragm in the throat during short circuits. { sho ˙ rt ¦sərиkədиiŋ of a nozzle at the end of the tube, and gases tranzиfər} emerge from the nozzle into a vacuum tank with short column [ CIV ENG ] A column in which both Mach numbers of 6 to 25. { sha ¨ k tənиəl} compression and bending is significant, gener- shoe [ ENG ] In glassmaking, an open-ended cru- ally having a slenderness ratio between 30 and cible placed in a furnace for heating the blowing 120–150. { sho ˙ rt ka ¨ lиəm} irons. [ MECH ENG ] 1. A metal block used as shortcoming [ DES ENG ] An imperfection or a form or support in various bending operations. malfunction occurring during the life cycle of 2. A replaceable piece used to break rock in cer- equipment, which should be reported and which tain crushing machines. 3. See brake shoe. must be corrected to increase efficiency and to { shu ¨ } render the equipment completely serviceable. shoe brake [ MECH ENG ] A type of brake in { sho ˙ rtkəmиiŋ } which friction is applied by a long shoe, ex- short-delay blasting [ ENG ] A method of blast- tending over a large portion of the rotating drum; ing by which explosive charges are detonated the shoe may be external or internal to the drum. in a given sequence with short time intervals. { shu ¨ bra ¯ k} { sho ˙ rt di¦la ¯ blasиtiŋ } shoot [ ENG ] To detonate an explosive, used to short-delay detonator See millisecond delay cap. break coal loose from a seam or in blasting oper- { sho ˙ rt di¦la ¯ detиəna ¯ dиər} ation or in a borehole. { shu ¨ t} short fuse [ ENG ] 1. Any fuse that is cut too shooting board [ ENG ] 1. A fixture used as a short. 2. The practice of firing a blast, the fuse guide in planing boards; it is more accurate than on the primer of which is not sufficiently long a miter. 2. A table and plane used for trimming to reach from the top of the charge to the collar printing plates. { shu ¨ dиiŋbo ˙ rd } of the borehole; the primer, with fuse attached, shop fabrication [ ENG ] Making parts and mate- is dropped into the charge while burning. rials in the shop rather than at the work site. { sho ˙ rt fyu ¨ z} { sha ¨ p fabиrəka ¯ иshən} short leg [ ENG ] One of the wires on an electric shop standards [ ENG ] Written criteria estab- blasting cap, which has been shortened so that lished to govern methods and procedures at an when placed in the borehole, the two splices or installation. { sha ¨ p stanиdərdz } connections will not come opposite each other shop supplies [ ENG ] Expendable items con- and make a short circuit. { sho ˙ rt leg } sumed in operation and maintenance (for exam- short-range radar [ ENG ] Radar whose maxi- ple, waste, oils, solvents, tape, packing, flux, or mum line-of-sight range, for a reflecting target welding rod). { sha ¨ psəplı ¯ z} having 1 square meter of area perpendicular to shop weld [ ENG ] A weld made in the workshop the beam, is between 50 and 150 miles (80 and prior to delivery to the construction site. 240 kilometers). { sho ˙ rt ¦ra ¯ nj ra ¯ da ¨ r} { sha ¨ p weld } short residuum [ CHEM ENG ] A petroleum refin- shore [ ENG ] Timber or other material used as ery term for residual oil from crude-oil distilla- a temporary prop for excavations or buildings; may be sloping, vertical, or horizontal. { sho ˙ r } tion operations in which neutral oils are taken 496 shrink ring overhead with the distillate. { sho ˙ rt rizijиəи shothole [ ENG ] The borehole in which an ex- plosive is placed for blasting. { sha ¨ tho ¯ l}wəm} shorts [ ENG ] Oversize particles held on a shothole casing [ ENG ] A lightweight pipe, usu- ally about 4 inches (10 centimeters) in diameterscreen after sieving the fines through the screen. { sho ˙ rts } and 10 feet (3 meters) long, with threaded con- nections on both ends, used to prevent the sho- short shipment [ ENG ] Freight listed or mani- fested but not received. { sho ˙ rt shipиmənt } thole from caving and bridging. { sha ¨ tho ¯ l ka ¯ sиiŋ } short stop [ CHEM ENG ] A substance added dur- ing a polymerization process to terminate the shothole drill [ MECH ENG ] A rotary or churn drill for drilling shotholes. { sha ¨ tho ¯ l dril }reaction. { sho ˙ rt sta ¨ p} short supply [ IND ENG ] An item is in short sup- shot mill [ ENG ] A high-speed, continuous mill for deagglomerating, dispersing, and millingply when the total of stock on hand and antici- pated receipts during a given period is less than paints, inks, dyestuffs, adhesives, food, and phar- maceuticals; consists of a chamber with rotatingthe total estimated demand during that period. { sho ˙ rt səplı ¯ } disks that is filled with small steel or ceramic spheres (shot), and a pump to propel material short-term repeatability [ CONT SYS ] The close agreement of positional movements of a robotic through the mill. Also know as a media mill. { sha ¨ t mil }system repeated under identical conditions over a short period of time and at the same location. shot point [ ENG ] The point at which an explo- sion (such as in seismic prospecting) originates,{ sho ˙ rt tərm ripe ¯ dиəbilиədиe ¯ } short ton See ton. { sho ˙ rt tən } generating vibrations in the ground. { sha ¨ t po ˙ int } short-tube vertical evaporator [ CHEM ENG ] A liquid evaporation process unit with a vertical shot rock [ ENG ] Blasted rock. { sha ¨ t ¦ra ¨ k} shoulder [ DES ENG ] The portion of a shaft, abundle of tubes 2–3 inches (5–8 centimeters) in diameter and 4–6 feet (1.2–1.8 meters) long; the stepped object, or a flanged object that shows an increase of diameter. [ ENG ] A projectionheating fluid is inside the tubes, and the liquid to be evaporated is in the shell area outside made on a piece of shaped wood, metal, or stone, where itswidth or thickness is suddenly changed.the tubes; used mainly to evaporate cane-sugar juice. Also known as calandria evaporator; { sho ¯ lиdər} shoulder harness [ ENG ] A harness in a vehicleRoberts evaporator; standard evaporator. { sho ˙ rt ¦tu ¨ b vərdиəиkəlivapиəra ¯ dиər } that fastens over the shoulders to prevent a per- son’s being thrown forward in the seat. { sho ¯ lи shot [ ENG ] 1. A charge of some kind of explo- sive. 2. Small spherical particles of steel. dər ha ¨ rиnəs} shoulder screw [ DES ENG ] A screw with an un- 3. Small steel balls used as the cutting agent of a shot drill. 4. The firing of a blast. 5. In plastics threaded cylindrical section, or shoulder, be- tween threads and screwhead; the shoulder ismolding, the yield from one complete molding cycle, including scrap. { sha ¨ t } larger in diameter than the threaded section and provides an axis around which close-fitting mov- shot bit [ DES ENG ] A short length of heavy-wall steel tubing with diagonal slots cut in the flat- ing parts operate. { sho ¯ lиdər skru ¨ } shovel [ DES ENG ] A hand tool having a flat-faced bottom edge. { sha ¨ t bit } shot boring [ ENG ] The act or process of produc- tened scoop at the end of a long handle for moving soil, aggregate, cement, or other similaring a borehole with a shot drill. { sha ¨ t bo ˙ rиiŋ } shot break [ ENG ] In seismic prospecting, the material. [ MECH ENG ] A mechanical excava- tor. { shəvиəl}electrical impulse which records the instant of explosion. { sha ¨ t bra ¯ k} shovel dozer See tractor loader. { shəvиəl do ¯ zи ər} shot capacity [ ENG ] The maximum weight of molten resin that an accumulator can push out shovel loader [ MECH ENG ] A loading machine mounted on wheels, with a bucket hinged to thewith one forward stroke of the ram during plas- tics forming operations. { sha ¨ tkəpasи ədиe ¯ } chassis which scoops up loose material, elevates it, and discharges it behind the machine. shotcreting [ ENG ] A process of conveying mor- tar or concrete through a hose at high velocity { shəvиəl lo ¯ dиər} shrinkage [ ENG ] 1. Contraction of a moldedonto a surface; the material bonds tenaciously to a properly prepared concrete surface and to material, such as metal or resin, upon cooling. 2. Contraction of a plastics casting upon poly-a number of other materials. { sha ¨ tkre ¯ dиiŋ } shot depth [ ENG ] The distance from the surface merizing. { shriŋиkij } shrink fit [ DES ENG ] A tight interference fit be-to the charge. { sha ¨ t depth } shot drill See calyx drill. { sha ¨ t dril } tween mating parts made by shrinking-on, that is, by heating the outer member to expand the shot elevation [ ENG ] Elevation of the dynamite charge in the shot hole. { sha ¨ t elиəva ¯ иshən } bore for easy assembly and then cooling so that the outer member contracts. { shriŋk fit } shot feed [ MECH ENG ] A device to introduce chilled-steel shot, at a uniform rate and in the shrink forming [ DES ENG ] Forming metal wherein the piece undergoes shrinkage duringproper quantities, into the circulating fluid flow- ing downward through the rods or pipe con- cooling following the application of heat, cold upset, or pressure. { shriŋk fo ˙ rиmiŋ }nected to the core barrel and bit of a shot drill. { sha ¨ t fe ¯ d} shrink ring [ DES ENG ] A heated ring placed on 497 [...]... detached from the wall of a borehole { sləf } slug [MECH] A unit of mass in the British gravitational system of units, equal to the mass which experiences an acceleration of 1 foot per second per second when a force of 1 pound acts on it; equal to approximately 32 .17 40 pound mass or 14 .5 939 kilograms Also known as geepound { sləg } slug bit See insert bit { sləg bit } sluice [CIV ENG] 1 A passage fitted... tool, and pneumatic hammer; the rate of penetration of a chisel-shaped bit into brittle rock may be defined as follows: R ϭ NAf v/␲D, where R equals the rate of advance of bit, N equals the number of wings of bit, f v equals the number of impacts per unit time, D equals the diameter of the bit, and A equals the cross-sectional area of the crater at the periphery of the drill hole { sıи ¯ mənz theиəиre... blak } ¨ skirt roof [BUILD] A false band of roofing projecting from between the stories of a building ¨ { skərt ruf } skiving [MECH ENG] 1 Removal of material in thin layers or chips with a high degree of shear or slippage of the cutting tool 2 A machining operation in which the cut is made with a form tool with its face at an angle allowing the cutting edge to progress from one end of the work to the... 1 Contraction joint between two adjoining wall sections, or at the horizontal bearing of beams, slabs, or precast units, consisting of a vertical tongue fitted into a groove which allows independent movement of the two sections 2 A telescoping joint between two parts [ENG] 1 A method of laying-up plastic veneers in flexible-bag molding, wherein edges are beveled and allowed to overlap part or all of. .. the main line or for temporary storage of cars Also known as sidetrack { sıdиiŋ } ¯ siemens [ELEC] A unit of conductance, admittance, and susceptance, equal to the conductance between two points of a conductor such that a potential difference of 1 volt between these points produces a current of 1 ampere; the conductance of a conductor in siemens is the reciprocal of its resistance in ohms Formerly known... photographic means of differencing and recording { soиlər ¯ mag nedиə graf } solar pond [MECH ENG] A type of nonfocusing 511 solar power solar collector consisting of a pool of salt water heated by the sun; used either directly as a source of heat or as a power source for an electric generator Also known as salt-gradient solar pond { soиlər pand } ¨ ¯ solar power [MECH ENG] The conversion of the energy of the... filter [CIV ENG] A bed of fine sand 20–48 inches (15 1 12 2 centimeters) deep through which water, being made suitable for human consumption and other purposes, is passed at a fairly low rate, 2,500,000 to 10 ,000,000 gallons per acre ( 23, 000 to 94,000 cubic meters per hectare); an underdrain system of graded gravel and perforated pipes carries the water from the filters to the point of discharge { slo sand... horizontal member of a framed partition or of a window or door frame [CIV ENG] 1 A timber laid across the foot of a trench or a heading under the side truss 500 simultaneity 2 The horizontal overflow line of a dam spillway or other weir structure 3 A horizontal member on which a lift gate rests when closed 4 A low concrete or masonry dam in a small stream to retard bottom erosion [CONT SYS] A type of robot... ENG] The underside of a horizontal structural member, such as a beam or a slab { safиət } ¨ soft automation [ENG] Automatic control, chiefly through the use of computer processing, with relatively little reliance on computer hardware { soft odиə maиshən } ˙ ˙ ¯ soft flow [ENG] The free-flowing characteristics of a plastic material under conventional molding conditions { soft flo } ˙ ¯ soft hammer [ENG]... alternating-current measurement { soft ¦ıиərn am edиər } ˙ ¯ ¯ soft missile base [CIV ENG] A missile-launching base that is not protected against a nuclear explosion { soft misиəl bas } ˙ ¯ soft patch [ENG] A patch in a crack in a vessel such as a steam boiler consisting of a soft material inserted in the crack and covered by a metal plate bolted or riveted to the vessel { soft ˙ pach } soft-wired numerical control . straight portion of the tool { set } shank of the machined portion of the work. setback [ BUILD ] 1. A withdrawal of the face of { sedиiŋaŋиgəl} a buildingto a line toward the rear of the building setting. equals the rate of advance of bit, N equals the retard bottom erosion. [ CONT SYS ] A type of number of wings of bit, f v equals the number of robot articulation that has three degrees of free- impacts. hardness [ ENG ] A method of rating the pot, or a combination of the two, arranged to hardness of a metal or of a plastic or rubber minimize the acceleration of the mass of a mech- material. { sho ˙ r