tài liệu bồi dưỡng học sinh giỏi 6,7,8 và 9 đề học sinh giỏi trên toàn quốc

Định nghĩa: Danh từ là những từ dùng để chỉ sự vật, sự việc hoặc con người.. A An : đứng trước danh từ đếm được số ít để giới thiệu một điều gì chưa được đề cập hoặc lần đầu.. Mạo từ xác

Tài liệu bồi dưỡng học sinh giỏi 6+7

TENSES

Present

simple

S + V(s-es) (be): am- is- are S + don’t/ doesn’t +V1S+ am not/ isn’t/ aren’t Do/Does + S+V1? Am/Is/Are + S+…? Everyday, usually, after school, never,

often, sometimes, always,

Present

progressive S + am/is/are + V-ing S+am/is/are(not)+V-ing Am/ Is/Are +S+V-ing?

Now, at the present, at the moment, at this time, Look! Listen, !Be careful! Hurry up!

Give the correct form of these verbs:

1. The sun (set) ………in the West

2. It usually (rain) ………in the summer

3. They (build) ………the buildings at the moment

4. Bees (make) ………honey

5 They (get) ………on the scale now.

6. The earth (circle) ………the Sun once every 365 days

7. Rivers usually (flow) ……… to the sea

8. Don’t worry I (give) ………him your message when I (see) ……… him

9. Look! Jane (play) ……… the guitar Hurry up! The bus (come) ………

10 I (not talk) ……… to her at present.

11.How often……… she (go) ……… fishing?

- She (go) ………once a year

12. your friends (be)……… students?

-Yes, they (be)

13 the children (play)……… in the park at the moment?

-No, they aren’t They (learn) to play the piano

14 ……….you (go)……… to school on Sundays? – Yes, I do.

15 My mother (cook) ………a meal now She ( cook)……… everyday.

16 What……… your mother (do)……… at this time?

- She (make)………a dress

17 she often (go)……… to the cinema every weekend?

18 I don’t know But she always (go) to the church on Sundays.

19 The students (not be) in class at present.

20 She always (wash) the dishes after meals

(do) an exercise on the present tenses at this moment and I(think) that I (know) how to use it now

21.My mother sometimes (buy) vegetables at this market

22.It (rain) much in summer It (rain) now

23.Daisy (cook) some food in the kitchen at present She always(cook) in the morning

EXERCISES II

1 Every morning , Linda ( get )……… up at 6 She ( have ) ………

Breakfast at 6:10 After breakfast , she ( brush ) ………… her teeth She

( go ) ……… to school at 6:30 She ( have ) ………lunch at 11:30 at school

2 We ( watch ) ……….T.V every morning

3 I (do ) ………my homework every afternoon

4 Mai and Lan ( play ) ……….games after school

5 Vy ( listen ) ………to music every night

6 Where ( be ) ……… your father now ?

He ( read ) ……… a newspaper

7 What ………….you ( do ) ………? I ( be ) ……….a student

8 Where ………….you ( go ) ……….now ?

I (go ) ………to the market

9 She is cooking and we ( do ) ……… the housework

10 He isn`t in the room He ( play ) ……… in the garden

11 Look ! The birds ( fly ) ………

12 I ( go ) ……….to school by bus every day , but today I ( go )

……… to school by bike

13 Listen ! Mai ( sing ) ………

14 They ( play ) ………volleyball every afternoon

They ( play ) ………volleyball now

15 Mai ( brush ) ……… her teeth every morning She ( brush ) ………her teeth now

16 Listen ! Lan ( play ) ……….the piano

17 Mai ( be ) ……….tired now

18 It is 6:00 p.m Mary is at home She ( have ) ……… dinner with her family around six o` clock

19 Where is your father ? He is upstair He ( watch ) ………T.V

He always ( watch ) ……… T.V at night

20 Our teacher ( live ) ……… on Quang Trung street

21 §ao and Mai ( do ) ………the housework now

22 What ………your mother ( do ) ……….?

She is cooking

23 How ………you ( go ) ………to school every day ?

24 Nam ( go ) ……… to work by car every day but today he

( take ) ………a bus

25 Where ……… your father ( work ) ……… ?

In the hospital

26 Look ! The teacher ( come ) ………

27 She is very clever She ( speak ) ……….4 languagues

28 Steve often ( smoke ) ……….10 cigarettes a day

29 We usually ( have ) ………dinner at 7: 00

30 Anne ( wash ) ……….her hair twice a week

31 Jane ( teach ) ………English to children

32 You ( meet ) ……….a lot of people

33 He often ( go ) ……….to the cinema

34 Food ( cost ) ………a lot of money

35 Listen ! Somebody ( sing ) ………

36 She is tired She ( want ) ……….to go home now

37 How often …………you ( read ) ………a newspaper ?

38 “ Excuse me , but you ( sit ) ………in my place “

“ Oh , I am sorry “

39 “ I am sorry “ I ( not understand ) ………

Please speak slowly

40 What time … she ( finish ) ………work every day ?

41 He ( not usually drive ) ………to work He usually

( walk ) ………

43 Mozart ( play ) ………the piano when he ( be ) ………three

44 Many people prefer ( fly ) ………to ( go ) ……… by sea

45 My mother ( go ) ……… to the supermarket yesterday evening but she ( not buy ) ………

46 He ( move ) ………to Paris in 1917 and ( spend ) ………

6 years in Paris

47 Teenagers like ( listen ) ………to the latest pop music

48 What ……….you ( do ) ………… tomorrow morning

49 Children shouldn`t ( drink ) ……….coffee It ( not be ) ………

Good for their health

50 My family ( watch ) ……….T.V every night But now we ( listen )

……… to pop music

51 Yesterday Nga father ( start ) ……….his new job

52 I ( meet ) ……… her at the movie theater last night

53 He ( go ) ……….to the English club every Sunday But last Sunday he ( not go ) ………there , he ( go ) ………to the

City Museum

54 My mother ( make ) ………a dress now

55 Two years ago , she ( teach ) ………at a village school

56 We ( travel ) ………to Hue next week

57 What ……….you ( do ) ………yesterday morning

58 They usually ( have ) ………dinner at home , but they ( have ) ………dinner in a small restaurant yesterday evening

59 The children ( be ) ……….here ten minutes ago , but at the moment they ( play )

……….in the jard

60 Could you ( show ) ………me the way to the bus stop

61 Lan and Hoa ( go ) ……… to the post office now

62 Liz ( need ) ……….some stamps and envelopes

63 Hoa ( mail ) ……….this letter tomorrow

64 I need ( buy ) ……… a phone card

65 He ( phone ) ……….his parents three or four times a week

66 Nam wants ( send ) ……… this postcard to his penpal

67 We would like ( visit ) ………Ngoc Son Temple

68 My hair is dirty I ( wash ) ……….it

69 We ( have ) ………an English test tomorrow

70 They usually ( paint ) ……… their house blue

71 My father ( buy ) ……… a new car 2 months ago

72 Nam ( help ) ………his father repair the radio at this time

73 I ( be ) ………busy last night , so I ( miss ) ……….a good film on T.V

74 Mr Robinson ( watch ) ……… T.V every night

75 Mrs Mai ( make ) ……….all her own clothes At the moment she ( make ) ……… a dress for her daughter

76 He ( teach ) ……….math at this school in 1986

77 Every body ( wait ) ……….for the president in the hall now

78 You should ( go ) ……….to bed early

79 Lan ( be ) ……… very tired when she ( catch ) ………… a bad cold 2 days ago

80 She needs ( eat ) ……… a lot of vegetables and fruit

81 I hope you ( feel ) ……… better soon

82 He ( not come ) ……….to the meeting last week

83 My father never ( take ) ……….medicine

84 There ( be ) ………nobody there when I ( arrive ) ………yesterday

85 Yesterday , Hoa and her aunt ( go ) to the supermarket

86 I would like ( tell ) ………you about my family

87 Vegetables often ( have ) ……….dirt from the farm on it

88 Be careful ! The children ( cross ) ……… the street

89 I ( be ) ……….fourteen years old next week , and so will I

90 My father ( not watch ) ……….T.V last night He ( read ) ……… newspapers and magazines

91 You should ( add ) ………a little salt to the spinach when you boil it

92 When ………you ( buy ) ………this dress ? Two days ago

93 I hope you ( visit ) ……….Ha Noi soon

94 She would like ( buy ) ………some bananas

95 Hoa ( receive ) ……….a letter from her mother 2 days ago

96 It stopped ( hurt ) ……….afterwards

97 I like ( watch ) ……… baseball

98 The children must ( be ) ……….back by six o`clock

99 Marconi ( invent ) ……… radio

100 The disease ( spread ) ……… fast now

101 You ought ( finish ) ………your home work before ( watch ) ……… T.V

102 Hoa ( have ) ……….a lot of friends in Hue

103 Nam and Trung always ( visit ) ………their grandparents on Sunday

104 My father ( listen ) ………to the radio everyday

105 The children ( like ) ……….to play in the park

106 She ( not live ) ……….with her parents

107 Lan ( brush ) ………her teeth after meals

108 The students ( not go ) ………to school on Sunday

109 Nga ( talk ) ………to her friends now

110 She ( be ) ……… 14 on her next birthday

111 We ( visit ) ……… Huong Pogoda next week

112 They ( live ) ……….with their grandparents

113 I ( come ) ………back tomorrow

114 He ( have ) ……….a lot of friends

115 She ( have ) ……… a meeting tonight

116 M y father ( jog ) ………every morning

117 We often ( play ) ……….tennis in the afternoon

118 What ……… you ( do ) ……….next Sunday

119 Phong ( watch ) ……….T.V everynight

120 They ( go ) ……… to the movies tonight

121 Tomorrow , She ( invite ) ……….all friends to her birthday party

122 My brother ( listen ) ……… to music in his free time

123 Our friends ( come ) ………here soon

124 My father never ( drink ) ………coffee

125 I usually ( go ) ……….to school by bike but tomorrow I ( go ) ………to school by bus

126 Jane ( play ) ……… the piano at present

127 He ( visit ) ……… his grandparents next week

128 Jane ( play ) ……… the piano at present

129 We ( not invite ) ……… many friends to the party tonight

130 Hurry up ! we ( wait ) ……….for you

131 Lan and Hoa ( read ) ……… in the library at the moment

132 We ( not come ) ……… here tomorrow morning

133 Listen ! The girl ( play ) ……….the piano

134 Nam ( go ) ……… to the English club every Saturday

134 What ……….you ( do ) ……….now

I ( grow ) ………some flowers

135 My father ( travel ) ……… to Nha Trang next week

136 Students often ( go ) ………to the school cafeteria at lunch time

137 You can ( find ) ………… math books on the racks in the middle

138 Look ! The teacher ( come ) ……….here

139 She ( study ) ……… maps in Geography

140 Ba can ( fix ) ……… the lights

141 They ( do ) ……….some experiments at the moment

142 You ( be ) ……….a famous author one day

143 He enjoys ( draw ) ……….pictures

144 Mai ( learn ) ……… to play the piano in her free time

145 I ( try ) ……… to repair the radio now

146 The students ( write ) ………an essay in Literature next Monday

147 Let us ( go ) ………to the English club

148 I ( do ) ……….my math homework at the moment

149 Next year , my sister ( be ) ……… a teacher

150 When they ( be ) ………young , they ( leave ) ……….their family and ( go ) ………to

Ho Chi Minh city

151 When ……… Thomas Edison ( die ) ………?

In 1931

PARTS OF SPEECH OF WORD FORMS

I Danh từ (Nouns):

1 Định nghĩa: Danh từ là những từ dùng để chỉ sự vật, sự việc hoặc con người

2 Phân loại danh từ:

- Danh từ đếm được (countable nouns): book, student, table,

- Danh từ không đếm được (uncountable nouns): water, grass, information,

- Danh từ đơn (simple nouns): war (chiến tranh), bus (xe buýt),

- Danh từ kép (Compound nouns): world peace (hòa bình thế giới), bus station (trạm xe buýt),

3 Chức năng:

a Làm chủ ngữ (Subject-): The children go to school every day

b Làm tân ngữ động từ và giới từ: (Object): The mother gave a cake to her son

c Làm bổ ngữ cho chủ ngữ (Sau keep / seem/ be/ feel/ look) (Complement): He is my best friend

d Làm bổ ngữ cho tân ngữ (Sau call/ select/ name/ ) We call him Tom

II Đại từ (Pronouns):

1 Định nghĩa: Đại từ là những từ dùng thay cho danh từ

2 Phân loại đại từ:

a Đại từ nhân xưng (Personal pronouns): có 2 loại:

- Đại từ làm chủ ngữ: I/ We/ You/ They/ She/ He/ It

- Đại từ làm tân ngữ: me/ us/ you/ them/ her/ him/ it

b Đại từ chỉ định: This/ that/ these/ those

c Đại từ bất định: (Chỉ người) someone, somebody, no one, nobody, anyone, anybody, everyone

(Chỉ vật) something, nothing, anything, everything

3 Chức năng: Giống danh từ

III Tính từ (Adjectives):

1 Định nghĩa: là từ dùng để miêu tả hoặc cho biết thêm chi tiết về danh từ

2 Phân loại:

a Tính từ miêu tả: SIZE + SHAPE + AGE + COLOR + NATIONAL + MATERIAL

(kích thước + hình dạng + tuổi + màu + quốc tịch + chất liệu)

b Tính từ sở hữu: my/ our / your / their / her / his/ its

c Tính từ chỉ số lượng: much/ little/ few/ a lot of / plenty of / each/ every/ another

3 Chức năng:

a Bổ nghĩa cho danh từ: A beautiful girl

b Bổ nghĩa cho đại từ: Something new

c Đứng sau keep / seem/ be/ feel/ look vàbổ nghĩa cho chủ ngữ; He looks happy.

d Đứng sau keep /make let + O + Adj vàbổ nghĩa cho tân ngữ We make our parents happy.

IV Trạng từ (Adverbs):

1 Định nghĩa: là những từ dùng để diển tả tính cách, đặc tính, mức độ, và được dùng để bổ nghĩa cho độngtừ, tính từ, trạng từ khác hoặc cho cả câu

2 Phân loại:

a Trạng từ chỉ thể cách: well, carefully, quickly, hard, fast

b Trạng từ chỉ thời gian: early/ late / yet/ now, today, yesterday, before, after, tomorrow

c Trạng từ chỉ mức độ: too much/ too little/ very / extremely/ a lot / nearly

d Trạng từ chỉ địa điểm: here/ there/ upstairs/ at home / in the garden

e Trạng từ chỉ sự thường xuyên: always/ often/ usually/ sometimes/ hardly/ once a week

3 Chức năng:

a Bổ nghĩa cho tính từ: A very beautiful girl

b Bổ nghĩa cho động từ: walk slowly; study hard; play well

c Bổ nghĩa cho trạng từ: walk very slowly; study so hard; play quite well

WORD FORM

12 Depth (độ

sâu)

27 Practice Practice Practical Practically Thực hành

30 Science/

IDENTIFICATION OF WORD FORMS

I Chọn danh từ: (đầu câu, sau độïng từ và giới từ)

THE MOST /BEST

2 KEEP / SEEM/ BE/ FEEL/ LOOK + ADJ:

A happy girl always smiles (happiness)

3 Linking verbs: He’s heavy ( heaviness) III Chọn trạng từ: Giữa chủ ngữ và động từ / sau động từ thường, sau tân ngữ đầu câu,

4 S + ADV + V(thường):

5 S + V (+ O) + ADV

6 ADV , S + V

1 I have recently received my friend’s letter

2 The doctor told me to breathe in slowly

3 Suddenly , he saw an accident

IV Chọn động từ: đứng ngay sau chủ ngữ:

V Complete the sentences using the correct form of the words in brackets.

He feels very ………… ……….………so he talks ………… ……….……… Anger

Nam is always ………… ……….……… He is on his …… ……….……… this week Business

Mr Han is a ………… ……….……… driver He drives ………… ……….……… Care

Her parents’ ………… ……….……… makes her very sad Death

There is no ………… ……….……… between my answer and his Differ

We have a lot of ………… ……….……… in learning English Difficult

The is an………… ……….……… football match this afternoon Excite

If you smoke, it is ………… ……….……… to you Harm

She sent her best wishes for my future………… ……….……… Happiness

He does exercise every morning, so he is very………… ……….……… Health

………… ……….………students don’t often succeed in the tests Laziness

……… ……….are trying to find out new stars Science

I don’t like hot weather I like………… ……….……… weather Warmth

ADVERB CLAUSES OF TIME & REASON

A ADVERD CLAUSES OF TIME:

Là mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian bắt đầu các liên từ When, while, after/ before, as (khi), until (đến khi )

S +V+ When/ while/ after/ before/ as/until + S + V Chỉ tương lai: When he comes tomorrow, we will welcome him

Chỉ hiện tại: When it’s hot, I go swimming / As I come, he is eating.

B ADVERD CLAUSES OF REASON:

Là mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ lý do hay nguyên nhân bắt đầu các liên từ: because/ since/ as (bởi vì)

S + V + because/ since/ as + S + V

Mr Ba is late because/ since/ as she oversleeps

Because Lan and Ba don’t have a tent, they never go camping

C Join two sentences into one, use because/ since/ as:

1 Lan and Ba never go camping , so they don’t have a tent

D Join two sentences into one, use when/ while/ after/ before/ as/until:

1 It is warm I go fishing (when)

6 You will go the museum You will see a lot of valuable pictures (When)

ARTICLES

1 A An : đứng trước danh từ đếm được số ít để giới

thiệu một điều gì chưa được đề cập hoặc lần đầu.

A ball is round

I see a boy in the street

2 An : đứng trước danh từ bắt đầu bằng nguyên âm

A : đứng trước danh từ bắt đầu bằng phụ âm

an apple, an inkpot, an engineer

a book, a pen, house, a man,

3 Những danh từ ,luôn dùng với A European, uniform, universal, university, union,

eulogy, euphemism

4 Những danh từ ,luôn dùng với AN hour, heir, herbal, honor

B Mạo từ xác định: THE Không dùng mạo từ xác định: THE

Đứng trước danh từ đếm được hoặc không đếm

được ở số ít hay nhiều để giới thiệu một điều gì đã

được đề cập, được bổ nghĩa cụm giới từ with / of

+ N hay điều mà ai cũng biết.

The earth is round (ai cũng biết)

The boy in the corner is my friend

The sugar on the table is sweet ( nghĩa riêng biệt)

The tigers in Vietnam are in danger

Trước danh từ không đếm được ở số ít/ đếm được ở số nhiều khi nói đên đặc điểm, chủng loại, giống nòi chung chung

Athletes must follow a well- balanced diet

Sugar is sweet (nghĩa chung chung)Tigers like fresh meat

a Tên Nhiều hồ: The great Lakes

Các đại dương: the Atlantic Ocean

Các dòng sông: The red River

Các vùng biển: The red Sea

Tên hồ số ít: Lake Geneva, Lake ErieChâu lục: Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia

b Tên các dãy núi: the Andes, the rocky mountains Tên một núi: Mount Everest, Mount Pinatubo

c Một vật/ người duy nhất:

the earth, the moon, the sun, the Pope, the sky Tên các hành tinh: Venus, Mars, Danh từ trừu tượng: freedom, happiness

d Tên các trường học có: the School of Florida

Tên các trường đại học có: the University of

Tên các trường cao đẳng có: the College of

Tên trường học bắt đầu danh từ riêng:

Quang Trung Secondary SchoolHung Vuong University, Hong Bang College

e Số thứ tự đứng trước danh từ: the first World War Số đếm đi sau danh từ: World war one, chapter two

f Tên các nước gồm nhiều từ: the U.S, the U.K Tên các nước gồm một từ: France, Vietnam

g Tên các nhạc cụ: the guitar, the piano Tên các môn thể thao: baseball, volleyball, soccer

h Tên các cuộc chiến: the Korean war Những từ không bị giới hạn nghĩa: breakfast, lunch,

dinner, church, school, college, home, work, hospital

Supply the correct word form

1 The duty of the police is the _of law and order (MAINTAIN)

2 Our tomatoes are nicely; they’ll be ready to eat in about a week (RIPE)

3 Look at this picture of Bill and his father - you can see the clearly, can’t you? (LIKE)

4 He said ‘Good morning’ in a most _way (FRIEND)

5 Playing for the national team for the first time was an _experience for Hong Son (FORGET)

6 “This is not a good essay,’ said the lecturer ‘I find your arguments (CONVINCE)

7 It’s a lovely old house, I agree, but can we afford to _ it? (MODERN)

8 George and I have been friends since _ he used to live next door (CHILD)

9 In winter it is important for farmers to provide food and _ for their animals (WARM)

10 Pele Ronaldo to take part in 2002 World Cup (COURAGE)

11 is one of the qualities required of a social worker (FLEXIBLE)

12 Novelists are among the most _people in the world.(IMAGINE)

13 Secondary education is and free in many countries (COMPEL)

14 The song has been selected for the Sea Games 22, Vietnam (OFFICE)

15 _are doing their best to make people aware of the danger of air pollution (ENVIRONMENT)

o A or An? The general rule is that we

use a before a consonant and an before a vowel:

a bowl, a car,a dog, but an ant, an elephant, an

insect, an orange, an urn

But, what is important here is not the way a word is

written, but the way it sounds We choose a or an

depending on the sound at the beginning of the word

and whether it is a vowel sound or a consonant sound

For example, take the word uniform Although it

begins with a vowel - u - when we write it, when we

say it the first sound is /y/ which is a consonant:

uniform is pronounced ‘/junɪfɔːm/ so we say a

uniform

One word which is often confused is hotel Some

people pronounce this word as /həʊˈtɛl/ so they

would write:

a hotel But other people pronounce this word as /

əʊˈtɛl/ and so they would write: an hotel

o The Zero Article does not

exist It is a useful term to use when describing how to use articles Essentially when we talk about the zero article, we mean that we don’t useany article in front of a noun

For example, when we use a noun with a preposition,

we often do not use an article (that is, we just use the

noun on its own):

I went to school but left my books at home Mother

was in church and father at sea; Grandfather came to

dinner later by train and Grandmother managed to

escape from prison to join us.

When we talk about an institution, we use the zero

article

– The definite article doesn't change It is always

the whether the noun is masculine, feminine or

neuter, singular or plural We use the definite

article - the - when we talk about a singular or plural noun which refers to a particular member

of a a group

The woman.The man.The door.The doors.

Prior Reference

We often use the after the noun has already been

mentioned For example:

An Englishman, an Irishman and a Sctosman walk into a pub The Englishman ordered a bitter; the Irishman ordered a Guiness and the Scotsman ordered a whisky.

The first time we mention the noun we use the indefinite article and from then on we use the definite article

Known Reference

If both speakers know what they are talking about they

can use the even though the noun may not have been

mentioned before In other words, it is implied that the noun has already been mentioned

Excuse me, do you know what the time is?

Where's the toilet?

In these examples, the speaker assumes that the listener knows what is being talked about

Miscellanous In addition, the is used in the following

special circumstances

Exceptions include: the Hague; the Matterhorn; the Mall; the White House, the United States of America

We use the definite article - the - when we talk about a

singular or plural noun which refers to a particular member of a a group

In this example the group is all men; we want to reference

a particular man so we say: The man in the hat.

Compare this with the indefinite article which refers to

any man in the group: A man in a hat.

parts of day/night midnight, midday, noon, night

days Monday, Tuesday superlatives the highest, the biggest, the oldest

festivals Easter ordinals the third man, the sixth wife

seasons & months Winter, February oceans, seas the Pacific, the Black Sea

years 1961, 1995, 2000 inventions the wheel, the internal combustion engine

buildings Buckingham Palace, number 10 titles the Queen, the President, the chairperson

streets Acacia Avenue, Pall Mall, Sunset Boulevard rivers & canals the Thames, the Nile, the Suez

airports Heathrow, Gatwick public buildings the Sheraton, the Red Lion, the Natural History Museum cities & towns London, New York, Tokyo, Sydney, Cairo newspapers The Independent, The Daily Mirror, The Times mountains Everest, K2, Mont Blanc families the Browns, the Bushes

countries America, Britain, Arabia countries of union the United States, the United Arab Emirates

continents Africa, Asia, America, Europe jobs He is an artist and his wife is a plumber.

beliefs He is a Buddhist and his wife is an atheist. people Joe, Mrs Smith ships the Bismarck, the Lusitanian

magazines Cosmopolitan, Time mountain chains the Alps, the Highlands

games football, tennis, bar billiards instruments the piano, the bag pipes

nationalities He is an American and she is a Swede.

Exceptions include: the Hague; the Matterhorn; the Mall; the White House, the United States of America

In this example, the group is all men; we want to reference a particular man so we say: The man in the hat.

Compare this with the indefinite article, which refers to any man in the group: A man in a hat.

Retrieved from "http://www.icalweb.com/wiki/index.php?title=Indefinite_Article"

COMPARISONS

A/ So sánh bằng: (equality)

S + V + AS ADJ/ ADV AS + S

B/ So sánh hơn: (Comparatives)

Tính từ ngắn: S + V + ADJ/ADV- ER + THAN + S2

Tính từ dài: S + V + MORE + ADJ/ ADV + THAN + S2

C/ So sánh nhất; (Superlatives)

Tính từ ngắn: S + V + THE ADJ –EST + N.

Tính từ dài: S + V + THE MOST + ADJ + N.

This new house is as expensive as that one

He ran faster than his friends did

Films are more interesting than plays

Ex: He is more intelligent than Peter.

Nam is the youngest student in his class

Winter is the coldest in the year

Note: - Tính từ ngắn : 1 vần và 2 vần như: happy, pleasant, quiet

- Tính từ dài: các tính từ 2 vần trở lên như : interesting, beautiful, expensive

- So sánh các tính từ đặc biệt: good → better/ the best; bad → worse/ the worst;

little → less/ the least;many → more/ the most; far → farther/ further/ the farthest/ further

Test (comparative or superlative form) I/ Read the situations and complete the sentences Use the comparative form (-er or more )with give adjective.

1 The CD is 20.000 dong , the cassette is 12.000 dong (expensive)

5 It takes four hours to go by car and five hours to go by train.(slow)

The streets in the city ………

9 The buses run every 30 minutes The trains run very hour.(frequent)

The buses ………

10 Yesterday the temperature was six degrees Today it’s only three degrees.(cold)

It ………

II/ Write the sentences from the notes.Use the superlative form of the adjective.

1.Mark / tall /person/ his family

2 Can’t you think of anything ……… to say?(intelligent)

3 It’s ……… day of the year.(short)

4 London is………Birmingham.(big)

5 I prefer this chair to the other ones.It’s ………(comfortable)

6 The weather is getting……….(bad)

7 I like living in the countryside.It’s ……….living in a town.(peaceful)

8 Who is ………in the class?(clever)

9 That’s ……… meal I’ve had for a long time.(delicious)

10 It was……….speech I’ve heard (boring)

III/ Read the situations and complete the sentences Using the words in brackets.

1 I’m quite tall but you are taller.(as…… as)

I’m………

2 Hoa and Tim are both 13 year old (the same…… as)

Tim is………age………

3 She speak English very well ,and her sister speaks well too.(as…… as)

She speaks………her sister

4 They lived here for a long time but we’ve lived here longer.(as…… as)

They haven’t………us

5 My birthday is 12 August.Tom’s birthday is 12 August (the same as)

My birthday is ………Tom’s

6 Sandra spent 100 dollar ; but Susan spent 120 dollars.(as…… as)

Sandra ………much money………

7 Nam drive carefully,but his sister drive more carefully.(as…… as)

Nam doesn’t………

8 We left the meeting at 10 pm ; they left the meeting at 10 pm too (The same ……as)

We left ………time………

PREPOSITIONS

With IN: the morning, august, summer, 2006, uniform, hospital, bed, the world, debt, prison, English, the center

of, the middle of, some ways, addition, Vietnam, London, ink, the past/ future, case

With ON: Monday, Saturday morning, holiday, radio, subject, foot, a farm, a chair, the beach, the phone,

Christmas Day, the occasion, the south coast of, a picnic, the way to, time, a street, a floor, the right/ left, sale, the corner

With AT: 5 o’clock, first, last, present, the moment, 16 years old, the age of (15), home, school, the bus stop,

the same time, a party, Mary’s house, the end of, the beginning of, night, least, once, times, work

With others: for a week/ fun/ reading/ a walk - from Paris to London, from nine to five- By Nguyen Du, by

shooting, by then, by the way, by far, by accident by car/ bus/ taxi/ plane - with smoke, with hands, out

of date/ work/ order

ADJ+ Prep: amazed, amused, delighted at – afraid of, angry with, bad at, good at, different from, fond to,

familiar with, famous for, proud of, interested in, kind to/ of, pleased with, useful for, worried about, similar to, accustomed to

VERBS + Prep: borrow from, compare with, crowd into, laugh at, look at/ after/ for/up, prepare for,

participate, think of ,prefer to, succeed in, take part in, take care of, tell about, take to about, tune into, keep in touch, consist of

NOUN + Prep: love for, habit of/ aspect of, sight of, means of, reason for, method of, pair of

SOME SENTENCE PATTERNS

1 S + V + Adj/ n

( be, look, keep, seem, taste, sound, become)

Jack looked very worried

The food tastes delicious

2 S + V + Adv (walk, drive, talk, close, rise come) He is careful He drives slowly

3 S + V + O + adv ( watch, read, meet, make, see) He watched T.V every night

4 S + V + O + C (make, elect, declare, consider…) We made Frank armchair

( think, believe, find)

(keep, make, let, have)

(regard, recognize, appoint, consider)

I find the lesson too boring

Sad movie makes me cry

They regard him as an excellent player

5 S + V + I.O + D.O = S + V + D.O+ to/ for + I.O

(give, teach, show, award, offer, lend +to // buy, make+ for)

Mary teaches me English.= He teaches English to me

My mother bought me a hat = She bought it for me

6 S + V + prep + O (look at, wait for, cope with, rely

on, depend on, complain/talk about, smile at…)

I have been waiting for you for an hour

He looks at himself in the mirror

7 S + V + prep + O = S + V + O (pro) + prep

(put on/off, take off, turn on /off, throw away, see off

He puts on his shoes = He puts them on

I turn on the light, and then I turn it off

8 S + V + O + noun clause

(learn, know, show, discover, decide, understand…)

I can understand what you said

He showed me where the bank was

9 There (be) + noun + prep phrase There is some water in the jar

There were many students in the yard

EXPRESSIONS OF QUALTY

(SỰ DIỄN TẢ VỀ SỐ LƯỢNG)

1 - SOME: Trong câu khẳng định/ lời mời: - Dùng với danh từ số ít không đếm được và sốâ nhiều đếm được:

Ex: I like some milk Would you like some milk?

2 - ANY: Trong câu phủ định và nghi vấn - Dùng với danh từ số ít không đếm được và sốâ nhiều đếm được:

Ex: I don’t like any milk Do you like any milk?

* Các đại từ someone, somebody, something, noone, nothing, nobody, anyone, anything, anybody, everyone, everything, everybody cũng dùng theo cách trên Chú ý No = Not + any: nobody = not any body

3 MANY / A LARGE NUMBER OF/ A GREAT NUMBER OF/: (nhiều) Dùng với danh từ sốâ nhiều đếm được:

Ex: He has many books

Ex: A large number of students in our school are good

4 MUCH / A LARGE AMOUNT OF/ A GREAT DEAL OF /: (nhiều) Dùng với danh từ số ít không đếm được:

Ex: He has much time to play

Ex: A large amount of

* How much/ How many cũng dùng theo cách trên:

Ex: How many eggs does she want? - She wants a dozen eggs

Ex: How much beef do you want? - I want 200grams of beef

5 PLENTY OF/ A LOT OF / LOTS OF (nhiều) Dùng với danh từ đếm được và không đếm được:

Ex: He has plenty of books Ex: He has plenty of time to play

* Very/ too/ so/ as + many/ much + noun

Ex: There is too much bad news on T.V tonight

6 FEW / A FEW/ LITTLE / A LITTLE: (ít, một ít, một vài)

A FEW: (rất ít  ý phủ định)

+ Dùng với danh từ sốâ nhiều đếm được

Ex: I feel lonely because I have a few friends there

B A FEW: (một vài  ý khẳng định)

+ Dùng với danh từ sốâ nhiều đếm được

Ex: You can see a few houses on the hill

C LITTLE: (rất ít  ý phủ định) + Dùng với danh từ sốâ ít không đếm được Ex: I have very little time for reading

D A LITTLE: (một ít, một chút  ý khẳng định) + Dùng với danh từ sốâ ít không đếm được

Ex: I need a little help to move these books

7 More, less, fewer:

A FEWER: So sánh hơn của (few - a few)

- Dùng kèm với danh từ đếm được số nhiều

S + V + fewer + ADJ / Noun + than + S

B LESS: So sánh hơn của (little - a little)

- Dùng kèm với danh từ không đếm được hoặc kèm với tính từ

Ex: He has fewer days off than we. S + V + Less + ADJ / Noun + than + S

Ex: He is less scared now Do you have less free time than Hoa? C MORE: So sánh hơn của (a lot of / many /much) - Dùng kèm với danh từ đếm được hoặc không đếm được Ex: Do you have more hours than Hoa? - Dùng kèm với tính từ dài (Từ 2 vần trở lên) - S + V + More + ADJ / Noun + than + S Ex: He is more tired than I 8 MOST / MOST OF: (Phần lớn, hầu hết) A MOST + NOUN ( số nhiều :Most children / hoặc không đếm được: Most coffee) Ex: Most children are fond of sweets Ex: Most coffee is new and good B MOST OF + MY/ HIS/ HER/ YOU/ THEIR/ THE / THIS/ THAT/ THESE/ THOSE + N Ex: Most of the boys in my class want to play soccer. READING D Read and answer the questions: I Hi, My name is pike and this is my son He learns in a big school in London He goes to school from Monday to Friday and doesn’t go to school at the weekend At school, he studies may things He is very much interested in math and Physics because they are his favorite subject At recess, Peter often plays basketball and he plays it very well He sometimes plays soccer after school In his free time, he always listens to music and he learns to play the guitar He hopes he will become an engineer in the future Where does Peter learn?

What subject does he like?

What does he do at recess?

What does he do in his free time?

Does Peter want to be an engineer or a singer?

II We are all destroying the earth The sea and the rivers are too dirty to swimming in There is so much smoke in the air that it is unhealthy to live in many of world’s cities We have cut down so many trees that there are now vast areas of wasteland all over the world As a result, farmers in parts of Africa can’t grow enough rice to eat Wild animals are quickly disappearing We must save the earth 1 Are we are all destroying the earth?

2 What are too dirty to swimming in?

3 Why is it unhealthy to live in many of world’s cities?

4 What disappear quickly?

5 What should we do now?

III I’m Linh, Pham Thuy Linh I am a new student of 7A class in Nguyen Du secondary school I am thirteen

and I come from Hoa Binh I have a brother and a sister They are 500 students at a high school in Hoa Binh I live with my aunt at 20 Le Loi Street She often brings me to school by motorbike every day It is more than two kilometers from my aunt’s house to my school It takes us ten minutes to go these My telephone number is 871374

SURVERY FORM

Family name: ……… ………

Name(s): ……… ………

Age: ……… ………

Grade: .………

School: ………

Brothers and sister:………… ………

Address : ……… ………

Telephone number: ……… ………

Distance : ……… ………

Means of transport: ………

Time: ……… ………

IV My name is Lan I am 12 years old I am a student at Hoang Dieu School My father is a farmer He grows vegetables and raises cattle on our farm in the countryside My mother is a teacher She is always busy at school I have an elder sister, Mai She is a nurse, and she works in a hospital I love my family very much 2 How old is Lan?  ……… ……… ………

3 Who is always busy at school?  ……… ……… ………

4 What does Lan , s father grow?  ……… ……… ………

5 Where does Mai work?

 ……… ……… ………

PHẦN II Tài liệu bồi dưỡng học sinh giỏi lớp 8 +9 PART A : PASSIVE- ACTIVE 1 He has finished the report.

2 The police captured the thief

3 The movie disappointed us.

4 She returned the money last night.

5 The students attended the course.

6 Mr Jones teaches this class.

7 He delivers the mail every day.

8 She took that book from the desk.

9 Fire destroyed that house

10 She will eat the cake

1 They are eating a cake

2 English people speak English

3 People wear glasses

4 The children drinks whisky

5 Our children keep a cat and a dog as pets

6 A rooster does not lay eggs

7 Sheep give the wool

8 Mother did not serve dinner

9 They left hats and coats here

10 They cannot hold the meeting in that room.

1 He has to pay the bill

2 For the time being, Alice is teaching that group

3 She has finished the report

4 The police have arrested five suspects

5 The mad dog bit the little boy

6 The teacher corrects our exercises

7 Mr Smith saw the accident

8 They started a dancing class last week

9 You should insure the package

10 He may pay the bill for us

1 You ought to water the plants once a week

2 The mailman is delivering the mail now

3 Somebody has taken my briefcase

4 The doctor ordered him to take a long rest

5 Lightning struck the house

6 He wrote an article about our country.

7 She has translated that novel into Vietnamese

8 The visitor divided the gifts among the children

9 My secretary opens the mail every morning.

10 He will publish a new book

1 The host treated us very kindly

2 My wife will write the report for me

3 His teacher has transferred him to another class 4 You must keep dogs in the garden.

5 A stranger started the fire

6 They will publish the book next year

7 A French architect designed the bridge

8 Lightning struck the house

9 Maria won the first prize

10 They will sign the contract tomorrow

1 They sent him to Los Angeles

2 Mrs Kennedy teaches the class

3 They published the book in 1997

4 The police have caught the thief

5 They gave Linda a prize for one of her books

6 Someone has told me about her success

7 People speak English all over the world

8 They sell English books in that shop

9 Someone is repairing my car at the moment

10 People always admire this picture

1 He uses milk for making butter and cheese

2 She makes progress every day in the world of science

3 The author will write this novel in June

4 Nobody will solve this hard problem

5 Her mother will take her to hospital next week

6 Someone will clean the room

7 They had to cut down that tree

8 Someone should tell Sally what happened

9 They’re going to build a new hospital

10 We can solve the problem

1 Someone has to finish the job

2 They may send the man to prison

3 We must do something now

4 I don’t like people starting at me

5 I dislike people making jokes about me

6 They separated the rice from the husk

7 The boys made a fire by their camp

8 They built this house more than one hundred years ago

9 Every year Viet Nam exports millions of tons of rice

10 The publisher published his book in 1996

1 They repaired my desk during the weekend

2 Nobody saw her at the party last night

3 The government has not changed the regulation

4 She didn’t introduce me to her mother

5 Someone is cutting the grass now.

6 Someone ought to repair this window

7 Peter is writing a letter to his friend

8 My friends are making some phone call in the evening

9 Bad drivers are causing many accidents

10 People play football all over the world

1 They will sign the contract tomorrow

2 We will issue the library cards soon

3 Thuy has to finish her homework tonight

4 People must hand in their weapons

5 They are repairing my piano at the moment

6 A doctor has just examined John

7 The fire destroyed many houses yesterday

8 Tom will return those books to the library tomorrow

9 Bad weather has delayed Flight 202 from Miami

10 You must keep your room tidy

1 He is awarding the prize to the Thon Trieu team

2 The company has ordered some new equipment.

3 I decorated the Christmas Tree yesterday

4 The tornado destroyed thirty houses.

5 The manager should sign these contracts today.

6 Lan will clean all the glass windows.

7 Lan’s mother has to buy some oranges.

8 They performed Christmas songs 800 years ago.

9 Somebody will call Mr Green tonight.

10 These workers are building a new hospital.

1 Nobody has used this room for ages.

2 Hoa sent a Christmas card to Lan last Christmas.

3 Santa Claus gives children presents on Christmas Eve.

4 Mary’s parents sent her some money

5 Each competitor must take a bottle on the river bank 6 Did they build this monument ten years ago?

7 They delayed the football match.

8 People put many kinds of newspapers on the table 9 Tom must write this essay.

10 My father has just bought a lot of new books.

1 People will publish this novel in February.

2 They are building a new hotel.

3 Betty has just sent Mai many postcards.

4 Hoa sent her mother a gift.

5 They will build many new schools in the future.

6 Students must write the answer in ink.

7 He wrote all the songs on this new album.

8 They held rice-cooking festival in Thon Trieu last year .

9 We must solve this problem soon.

10 Nguyen Du wrote Truyen Kieu.

1 We must do something for these poor men.

2 They have to separate the rice from the husk.

3 He shouldn’t do that silly thing.

4 The boy operates that tape-recorder.

5 They gave us a post card.

6 The student cleaned the room every day.

7 I had lost some of my books.

8 We believe these boys to become better.

9 The scientists found the problem.

10 The cat pulls the pan into the sink.

1 He gives her a novel about a love story.

2 They were painting a house.

3 She is watering those flowers.

4 We had finished our reports in three months.

5 He ought to sell that car.

6 We have seen her at the station.

7 The librarian will give students the books

8 He showed me the way to Thames River.

9 He was learning in his room at 8.30 yesterday.

10 You can buy me an envelope.

1 We have just bought a car.

2 We have just met Jim.

3 They visited the church two years ago.

4 Mrs Green is cooking the food in the kitchen.

5 The doctor examined the patients.

6 These boys made that noise.

7 I can’t do these exercises quickly.

8 She had finished the report by noon.

9 The movie has disappointed us very much.

10 They have to pay the bill before the first of the month.

1 They will ask you several questions.

2 My parents promised me a bicycle two days ago

3 Somebody has locked the box and I can’t open it.

4 Somebody calls the president every morning.

5 Airplanes are carrying food to the flood region now .

6 Nam can repair this sewing machine.

7 People advised us not to go out alone.

8 The police ought to put the robbers in prison.

9 They had checked her handbag.

10 Susan’s father has promised her a new watch.

1 You will answer all the questions on the paper.

2 The earthquake has destroyed many buildings.

3 He has just killed a tiger.

4 Lan’s mother is making her a dress.

5 We saw Mrs Quyen leave her house at 9 o’clock.

6 Mr Lam must finish this work before June.

7 My parents are going to buy a new TV tomorrow.

8 We haven’t seen Peter yet.

9 Nam and Ba are painting the fence

10 Hoa reads a story book after dinner.

1 They were building a new school here when we came.

2 He will send his parents a gift.

3 She has bought two new dresses recently.

4 You must write these music lessons in ink.

5 We saw our friends outside the church yesterday

6 Lan saw an accident on Le Loi street yesterday .

7 People can grow potatoes in this farm.

8 I have seen that exciting film many times

9 My father drinks a cup of tea in the morning.

10 Bill called his boss yesterday.

1 Susan is phoning her boyfriend in the living room now

2 Mr and Mrs Long were playing chess when we came 3 His parents have just given him a new dictionary.

4 We grow rubber trees in our country.

5 He met his father at the front gate.

6 People can’t plant rubber trees in the desert.

7 We haven’t seen Peter yet.

8 Ba and Nam are painting the fence.

9 Linh reads a story book after dinner.

10 He will send his parents a gift.

Part B:

REPORTED SPEECH

I Reported speech with the introductory verb in the present simple

Ex: My teacher of Geography says, “ The Sun rises in the East.”

My teacher of Geography says ( that ) the Sun rises in the East.

II.Statements,commands, requests,advice in reported speech and indirect questions with if and whether

1 Statement in reported speech

Ex: Nam said, “ I am doing my homework now.”

Nam said (that) he was doing his homework then.

2 Commands in reported speech

Ex1: He said, “ Can you meet me after class?”

He asked me to meet him after class Ex2: “Don’t talk in class”, Our teacher said.

Our teacher told us not to talk in class.

Ex3: The policeman said, “ Please show me your driving licence.”

S1 + says (that) + S2 + V’ + O’

S + said (that) + S2 + V” + O”

The policeman ordered me to show him my driving licence

Ex4: “Don’t touch this button or you’ll get an electric shock”,the man said to me

The man warned me not to touch that button or I would get an electric shock.

3 Advice in reported speech

EX: “ You should stop smoking,” my father said.

My father said/ told ( that ) I should stop smoking.

4 Indirect questions with if and whether

Ex1: She asked me “ Do you like playing soccer?”

She asked if/whether I liked playing soccer.

Ex2: “Will Tom be here tomorrow?” she asked Ba.

She asked Ba if/whether Tom would be here the day after.

Ex3: “ Is the Big Ben in New York city?” Nam asked Lan.

Nam asked Lan if/whether the Big Ben was in New York city.

Ex4: She said, “ Do I look alright?”

She wondered if / whether she looked alright.

5 WH-questions in reported speech

Ex1: My teacher said to us, “ where are you going ?”

My teacher asked us where we were going

Ex2: Nga said, “ What time does the bank close?”

Nga wanted to know what time the bank closed

Ex3: She said to me, “ what’s your name?”

She asked me what my name was

S + ordered + O + ( NOT) + TO_infi

warned

S + said/told ( that ) + S2 + Should + V_bare infi

S + asked (s.b) / wanted to know / wondered + If / Whether + S’ + V’ +…

asked ( O )

S + Wondered + WH_questions + S’ + V’

Wanted to know

3 He said to me, “ Did your uncle plant the coffee trees in the field last year?”

A Rewrite the following sentences using reported speech:

1 I said, “ Are you planning to enter law school, Martha?”

4 The little girl said,” I haven’t done my homework”

 The little girl

5 The woman said,” I must go home now to make the dinner.”

16 “Come and see us if you want some help,” The old people said to the newcomer.

 The old people _

17 “How old are you, Mrs Robinson?” the little boy said

 The little boy

18 He said, “Are you enjoying yourself?”

B Change direct speech into reported speech Begin each of the sentences in the way shown.

1) He said to me,”You took the money.”

 He accused 2) The teacher said to Jim, “Would you give your book to Mary please?”

 The teacher asked _3) The student said,”I’m sorry I’m late.”

 The student apologized _4) Boddy’s father said to him, “Don’t forget to brush your teeth.”

 Boddy’s father reminded 5) “I’ve always wanted to become a doctor,” Helen said

 Helen has always dreamed 6) The nurse said to me, “You should consult a dermatologist.”

 The nurse advised _7) “Don’t touch the hot plate,” I said to Ann

 I warned _8) The fire chief said, “Everyone must leave the building immediate ly.”

 The fire chief ordered 9) The man said to the hunters, “Everyone stopped hunting and killing animals.”

 The man prevented 10) The instructor said to the students, “You’ll have exactly one hour to complete the exam.”

 The instructor warned 11) The boy said to the woman, “I’ve broken the window of your house.”

The boy amitted 12) My parents often said to me, “Good for you! It’s good to be independent.”

 My parents encouraged _13) Mrs Smith said, “I would like to meet the president.”

 Mrs Smith looked forward to 14) He said to the children, “Don’t swim in the lake without an adult present.”

 He allowed 15) “That’s great! I’m going to France in August,” thought Henry

 Henry was thinking of 16) Laura said to her roommate, “Remember to set your alarm clock for 6:00 am.”

 Laura reminded _17) “Why don’t we go to Dalat this weekend?,” said Peter

 Peter suggested _18) Tom said to you, “It was lind of you to help me Thank you very much.”

 Tom thanked _19) “Let me pay for the meal I insist,” Linda said

 Linda insisted _20) “I hear you won the lottery Congratulations!,” John said to us

 John congratulated _21) Rose said to Gerald, “I’d like you to come to my house Sunday night to meet my parents.”

 Rose invited 22) I said, “I didn’t steal the money.”

 I denied _

C Conditional in reported speech.

1 He said, “If I catch the plane, I’ll be home by five.”

A Rewrite these sentences, using Conditional Sentences:

1 She is very shy; that’s why she doesn’t enjoy parties

2 He is very unhealthy because he doesn’t take any exercise

3 I didn’t see the signal, so I didn’t stop

6 I’d like to go with you tonight but I am very busy.

B Use the correct tense of the verbs in brackets:

1 Your son wil be if he (eat) _ too much green fruit

2 If dinner (not be) ready, we’ll go without it

3 You shouldn’t study hard if you (want) to pass the final exam

4 Unless he (ask) _ you, don’t give him anything

5 What (happen) _ if I press this button?

6 You could understand the lesson better if you (not talk) in class so much

7 I’ll go mad unless he (turn) _ the radio off

8 We (not have) _ to walk a long way if we hadn’t run out of petrol

9 If the story (not be) true, the newspaper wouldn’t have printed it

10 What _you (do) _ if you (be) _ a millionaire?

C Rewrite these sentences as directed:

1 He doesn’t eat fish when he isn’t extremely hungry

4 A person must have a passport to be able to travel abroad

 A person cannot travel abroad unless

5 Ann’s having a lot of trouble because she lost her passport last week

Part C: SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION

1.QUESTIONS WITH “HOW MUCH”

What + be + the price of sth ? <=> How much + be + sth ?

How much + do/does + sth + cost?

a.What is the price of this watch?

2 QUESTIONS WITH “ HOW TO GET TO”

Can you show/tell me the way to + a place?

<=> Can you tell me how to get to + a place ?

a Can you tell me the way to the bank?

S + have <=> There is/are

a The café has a lot of tables

4 ADJECTIVE + NOUN

S + be + adj + noun <=> Noun + be + adj

a The national theatre has very comfortable seats

5 WITH + NOUN- ADVERB

S + V + with + noun <=> S + V + adv

a He handled the chinawares with care

i She kissed her teacher with thanks.

………

j The boy rushed out of the room with horror

………

6 IT + TAKES/TOOK…

S + V + time <=> It takes/ took + (SO) + time + to_infi

a I accomplished this task in three months

7 THE VERB “ MAKE”

S + be + adj <=> S + make + O + adj

a Why was she late?

What………

b The critics were strongly impressed by her performance

Her performance made ………

c I am always nervous when I travel by air

Travelling………

d He felt happy with the news

………

e She felt happy with the toys

The toys made………

f She heard the song and she felt homesick

The song made………

g They were late because of heavy traffice.

………

h Nam’s sister is always sad when she sees that film

………

i He was successful thanks to his hard work

His hard work made………

j We work all day and we have no time to spare

Our work makes………

8 ADJECTIVE-ADVERB

S + be + adj + noun <=> S + verb + adv

a They are fast typists

S + be + adj <=> What + (a/an) + adj + n !

How + adj + S +be

S + V + adv <=> How + adv + S + V !

a She is a very graceful girl

S + let + O + do sth <=> S+ allow + S.O + to do sth

a Bi let Ba keep the kitten

The national laws……….

g Thay don’t allow outsiders to attend their meeting

j The weather didn’t allow people to celebrate the ceremony in the open air

The weather didn’t………

12 THE VERB “ SUGGEST” FOLLOWED BY PRESENT SUBJ

a Let’s + V S + suggest + that + S + present subj

b In my opinion

c S + advise

d Why don’t you do sth? Or S + suggest + V_ing

a “Let’s go for a walk in the part,” said Ann

Ann suggested that………

b In my opinion you are not telling the truth

I suggested………

c “ I’d take a taxi if I were you”, said Peter

Peter suggested………

d The doctor advised me to take a rest

The doctor suggested………

e “ Why don’t you complain to the company, Peter?” said William

d Exercise is thought to do us good.

j People wanted the train to arrive at 6.00

The train was………

14 PREFER- WOULD RATHER

a S + would prefer S + would rather + S + past subj

b S + like….better than <=> S + would rather…than….

c S + prefer S + would rather + V.

a He would prefer you to tell him a story

S + find + it ( unreal object ) + adj + to_infi

a The heavy traffic annoys the residents

The residents find………

b We must clean and tidy our school

We must keep……….

c Some visitors to Britain get depressed by the weather

Some visitors to Britain find………

d Cark has no problems in marking friends

Cark finds it………

e He found that it was difficult to tell them the truth

h The office work doesn’t allow us to rest

The office work keeps………

i We shouldn’t pollute our environment

We should keep………

j Her words embrrassed us

We found………

16 TOO + ADJ + TO_INFI AND SO… THAT

a S + be + too + adj + to_infi

<=> S + be + so + adj + that + ( S + can’t + V_infi )

b S + V + too + adv + to_infi

<=> S + V + so + adv + that + ( S + can’t + V_infi )

a This iron bar is too cold for the worker to strike

17 ADJ/ADV+ ENOUGH

a S + be + so + adj + that + S + V

b S + be + too + adj + to_infi

<=> S + be + adj + enough + to_infi

c S + V + so + adv + that+ S + V

<=> S + V + adv + enough + to_infi

a The water was so cold that children could not swim in it

a S + once + past verb

b S + present verb ( negative ) any more

c This is the first time + The present perfect tense

<=> S + be not used to + V_ing

a They once started these machines by hand

o She has always got up early in the morning.

b She can enjoy a good meal and she can go fishing on the lake

She can not………

c They ate lamb chops and fish

2 Causative passive: <=> S + have + sth + P.P

a Someone is going to repair my TV set tomorrow

I am going to………

b They had the porter carry their luggage to a taxi