ĐỀ CƯƠNG CHI TIẾT ÔN THI TỐT NGHIỆP 2010 – 2011 LYN1982VN@GMAIL.COM NỘI DUNG ƠN TẬP CHƯƠNG TRÌNH NĂM Kiến thức ngôn ngữ: - Động từ (verbs): + Present Simple, Present Continuous, Present Perfect, Simple Past, Past Continuous, Simple Future + Dạng bị động (Passive Voice) động từ với thời nêu + Dùng dạng V-ing động từ sau số động từ + Cách tạo động từ - Modal verbs: + Nắm dạng cách dùng Modal verbs: can, may, must, should, - Danh từ (Nouns): + Danh từ số ít, số nhiều + Danh từ đếm không đếm + Nhận biết số cách hình thành danh từ cách thêm tiếp tố như: -tion, -ment, -er,… - Tính từ (Adjectives): + Nhận biết tính từ, vị trí tính từ câu + So sánh tính từ + Cách hình thành tính từ - Trạng từ (Adverbs): + Nhận biết trạng từ, vị trí trạng từ câu + So sánh trạng từ + Các trường hợp bất quy tắc trạng từ - Đại từ (Pronouns): + Nắm dạng cách dùng đại từ + Cách dùng đại từ quan hệ (Relative pronouns): which, who, that, - Quán từ (Articles): + Nhận biết dạng quán từ: a, an, the LYN – THPT CẦM BÁ THƯỚC ĐỀ CƯƠNG CHI TIẾT ÔN THI TỐT NGHIỆP 2010 – 2011 LYN1982VN@GMAIL.COM - Giới từ (Prepositions): + Nhận biết số giới từ: Giới từ thời gian, vị trí, phương hướng, mục đích, - Ngữ âm: + Sự khác biệt nguyên âm (hoặc) phụ âm gần kề + Trọng âm từ đa âm tiết - Câu mệnh đề + Các loại câu đơn với dạng tường thuật, phủ định nghi vấn, đặc biệt trật tự từ loại câu + Cách sử dụng câu phức với liên từ, đại từ quan hệ (xác định) học + Nắm vững cách sử dụng câu điều kiện loại I II Kỹ năng: a) Đọc hiểu: Đọc hiểu nội dung nội dung chi tiết văn có độ dài khoảng 150 từ chủ điểm học chương trình, chủ yếu chương trình Tiếng Anh lớp 12 b) Viết: + Viết chuyển đổi câu sử dụng cấu trúc câu học + Viết nối câu, ghép câu + Dựng câu từ ngữ liệu cho sẵn + Hoàn thành câu + Xác định lỗi sai câu liên quan đến kỹ viết ĐỀ CƯƠNG CHI TIẾT LYN – THPT CẦM BÁ THƯỚC ĐỀ CƯƠNG CHI TIẾT ÔN THI TỐT NGHIỆP 2010 – 2011 LYN1982VN@GMAIL.COM A – TENSES: I Simple present and simple past tense: 1, Form of verb: SIMPLE PRESENT 1, The verb “TO BE”TO BE” (+) I: am She/ he/ it: is We/ you/ they: are Eg: I am a teacher She is in her room They are in the classroom (-) I am She/ he/ it: is + NOT We/ you/ they: are (is not = isn’t; are not = aren’t) Eg: He isn’t a doctor They aren’t students (?) Am I Is she/ he/ it + ? Are we/you/ they Are you a student ? Yes, I am (No, I am not) Are they in the classroom? Yes, they are (No, they aren’t) The ordinary verbs: (+) I/we/you/they + V She/he/it +Vs/es I play football every day She listens to music every night (-) I/We/You/They +do + not + V(inf ) She/ He/ It + does I don’t go to school by bicycle He doesn’t go to school by bus (?) Do I/we/you/they + V(inf…) ?) ? Does she/ he/ it + V(inf…) ?) ? Do you go to school on Sunday? Yes, I / (No, I don’t) Does she live here? Yes, she does Qui luËt chÝnh t¶: SIMPLE PRESENT SIMPLE PAST 1, The verb “TO BE”TO BE” (+) I/ She/ he/ it: was We/ you/ they: were I was at the cinema last night They were out yesterday She was at home last Friday (-) I/ She/ he/ it was We/you/they were + NOT ( were not = weren’t; Was not = wasn’t) He wasn’t at homeyesterday They weren’t in class last night (?) Was I/ She/ he/ it Were we/ you/they + ? Was she at home last night? Yes she was (No, she wasn’t) Were they in the clssroom yesterday? Yes, they were (No, they weren’t) The ordinary verbs: S + Ved (V cét B¶ng §TBQT) He played football yesterday He listened to music last night (-) S + did + not + V(infinitive) They didn’t go to school yesterday He didn’t go to the cinema last night (?) Did + S + V(infinitive) ? Eg: Did you go to school yesterday? Yes, I did / (No, I didn’t) Did he play football last Sunday? Yes, he did / (No, he didn’t) SIMPLE PAST Khi chủ ngữ thứ ba số ít: Động từ theo qui tắc: - Thêm S vào sau động từ -Thêm ED vào sau động từ Eg: live -> lives Eg: open -> opened -Thêm ES vào sau động từ có tận S, SH, -Thêm D vào sau động tõ cã tËn cïng lµ E CH, O, X, SS,… Eg: close -> closed Eg: watch -> watches §éng tõ có tận Y, trớc Y phụ âm ta đổi Y -> i - Động từ có tận Y, trớc Y phụ âm ta cộng thêm ED đổi Y -> i cộng thêm ES Eg: hurry -> hurried Eg: hurry -> hurries - §éng tõ có tận phụ âm, trớc nguyên âm đọc ngắn ta gấp đôi phụ âm ci tríc thªm ED Eg: stop -> stopped Qui luật phát âm: SIMPLE PRESENT Cách đọc đuôi S động từ chủ ngữ thứ số ít: - Đọc /Z/ động từ tận phụ âm hữu nguyên ©m Eg: goes; buys; comes; sees; saves; … LYN – THPT CM B THC SIMPLE PAST Cách đọc đuôi ED động từ theo qui tắc: - Đọc /d/ động từ tận phụ âm hữu nguyên âm Eg: cleaned; tried; robbed; failed; played; saved; used; … ĐỀ CƯƠNG CHI TIẾT ÔN THI TT NGHIP 2010 2011 - Đọc /S/ động từ tận âm vô nh: /f/; /k/; /p/; /t/; Eg: laughs; works; stops; wants; - Đọc /IZ/ động từ tận âm xuýt nh : /s/; //; /z/;/ d /; /t/; /ʒ/ Eg: loses; washes; buzzes; kisses; watches; … LYN1982VN@GMAIL.COM - Đọc /t/ động từ tận âm vô âm Eg: stopped; passed; laughed; looked; watched; finished; -Đọc /id/ động từ tận /t/ /d/ Eg: wanted; started; invited; ended; decided; … C¸ch sư dơng (uses) SIMPLE PRESENT - Diễn tả thói quen, hành động xảy Ra thờng xuyên Eg: Minh often goes to school by bicycle I usually get up early in the morning - Diễn tả chân lý, mét sù thËt hiĨn nhiªn Eg: The sun rises on the Easth Lan is a student My mother works in a hospital Các trạng từ thời gian ( Adverbs of time) Always; usually; often; sometimes; frequently; occasionally; seldom; rarely; never … Every day; every night; every week; every month; every year; SIMPLE PAST Diễn tả hành động đà xảy khứ, đà chấm dứt biÕt râ thêi gian Eg: Mai went to Paris last summer He died in 1980 My friends left this city two months ago Ago; last night; last week; last month; last year; last summer; last winter; last Autumn; last Spring; last Monday; … Yesteday; In 1989; in 2005; … EXERCISE: Put the verbs in brackets into their correct tense (simple present or simple past tense): It (be) often hot in Summer Daisy always _ (wash) the dishes in the morning I _ (not talk) to Toan a month ago Lan (cycle) to the office last Friday My father (do) morning exercises every morning The shop (not open) on Sundays A: Where _ you _ (go) for your last Summer holiday? B: I _ (go) to Ha Long Bay A: How long _ you _ (stay)? B: For weeks We _ (be) there for the whole of July Binh (forget) to his homework yesterday A: (be) you American? B: No, I (be) not I _ (be) English 10 My motner frequently (buy) vegetables at this market II The present continuous and the past continuous: Form of verb: present continuous (+) I am She/ he/ it is + V-ing We/ you/ they are Eg: We are learning English now She is phoning to her friend (-) I am She/ he/ it is + NOT + V-ing We/ you/ they are Eg: He isn’t watching TV They aren’t working now (?) Am I Is she/ he/ it + V-ing ? Are we/you/ they Eg: Is he watching TV? Yes, he is / (No, he isn’t) Are they listening to music? Yes, they are / (No, they aren’t.) Are you writing a letter? Yes, I am / (No, I am not) past continuous (+) I/ She/ he/ it: was We/ you/ they were + V-ing Eg: She was cooking at 11 a.m yesterday They were playing football when it started to rain (-) I/ She/ he/ it was We/you/they were +NOT+ V-ing Eg: He wasn’t working dinner at 5.p.m yesterday They weren’t watching TV when I came (?) Was I/ She/ he/ it Were we/ you/they + V-ing ? Eg: Was he cooking dinner at p.m yesterday? Yes, he was / (No, he wasn’t) Were they watching TV when the light went out? Yes, they were / (No, they werent) Các trạng từ thêi gian: LYN – THPT CẦM BÁ THƯỚC ĐỀ CƯƠNG CHI TIẾT ÔN THI TỐT NGHIỆP 2010 – 2011 present continuous Now; at present; at the moment; at this moment; … LYN1982VN@GMAIL.COM past continuous - Tr¹ng tõ chØ thêi ®iĨm qu¸ khø - MƯnh ®Ị chØ thêi gian (When) Cách thêm đuôi ING vào sau động từ: - Thêm đuôi Ing vào sau động từ nguyên thể Eg: cook -> cooking; fight - Fighting Những động từ có tận e ta bỏ e thêm ING Eg: write -> writing; dance -> dancing; smoke -> smoking; live -> living NOTE: NÕu ®éng tõ cã tËn cïng ee ta giữ nguyên thêm ING Eg: see -> seeing - Những động từ có tận phụ âm, trƯớc phụ âm nguyên âm ta gấp đôi phụ âm cuối trớc thêm ING (trõ H, W, X, Y) Eg: get -> getting; run -> running; sit -> sitting; swim –> swimming Nh÷ng đông từ có tận ie ta đổi ie thành Y thêm ING Eg: die -> dying; lie -> lying; tie -> tying C¸ch sư dơng: present continuous Diễn tả Hành động diễn xung quanh thời ®iĨm nãi (Thêi ®iĨm hiƯn t¹i) past continuous - DiƠn tả hành động diễn vào thời ®iĨm qu¸ khø I was watching TV at 10 oclock last night - Một hành động tiếp diễn khứ hành động khác xảy đến (các liên từ t/g: when; while; as) Eg: We were having dinner when the light went out NOTE: Không dùng tiếp diễn với động từ nhËn thøc, tri gi¸c nh: to be; see; hear; know; want; feel; think; smell; love; hate; remember; forget Víi c¸c động từ ta dùng đơn để diễn tả Eg: I am tired now They want to go for a walk at the moment She was at home at 5p.m yesterday EXERCISE: Put the verbs in brackets into their correct tense: I (do) an exercise on the present tense at this moment and I (think) that I _ (know) how to use it now Last night we (have dinner) when the light went out Thanh (write) a letter when we (stop) at his house this morning It (be) very cold now Look a man (run) after the train He (want) to catch it now We (study) the use of the verb in English at this moment They (not listen) to music when I came A: Where you _ (go) now? B: We _ (go) to the theatre A: _ you often ( go) there? B: We (go) there every week They (dance) when the teacher _ (come) into class yesterday morning 10 Lan ( not type) a report at the moment III THE PRESNT PERFECT TENSE: 1, Form: (+) Affirmative (-) Negative I I We + have + V-ed We + haven’t + V-ed You (Cét 3) You (Cét 3) They They She She He + has + V-ed He + hasn’t + V-ed It (Cét 3) It (Cét 3) Eg: I have just had breakfast They have lived here since Eg: He hasn’t been to London 1990 yet She has done her homework They haven’t finished their work yet I haven’t done my homework LYN – THPT CẦM BÁ THƯỚC ( ?) Interrogative I we Have you + V-ed ? they (Cét 3) she Has he + V-ed ? it (Cét 3) Eg: Have you had lunch yet? Yes, I have (No, I haven’t) Has she met Nam yet? Yes, she has (No, she hasn’t) ĐỀ CƯƠNG CHI TIẾT ÔN THI TỐT NGHIỆP 2010 – 2011 LYN1982VN@GMAIL.COM *USES: - Diễn tả hành động đà xảy khứ nhng không rõ thời gian không đề cập đến thời gian (Trạng từ thƯờng dïng kÌm: already) Eg: She has already finished the report - Diễn tả hành động vừa xảy ra.(thờng dùng víi just) Eg: They have just had lunch - DiƠn tả hành động đà khứ, tiếp tục ( thờng kết hỵp víi since / for) Eg: Mrs Linh has taught literature in this school since 2003 Mrs Linh has taught literature in this school for seven years - DiƠn t¶ hành động cha xảy cha xảy (dùng never câu khẳng định, dùng yet câu phủ định câu hỏi) Eg: Have you read Kieu story yet? I have never seen a ghost Or: I haven’t seen a ghost yet NOTE: - Khi cã since ®éng tõ cđa mƯnh ®Ị chÝnh thêng dïng ë thị hoàn thành, mệnh đề phụ sau since động từ dùng khứ đơn Eg: He has loved you since he met you - Dïng TO BEbeen to để ám đà đến nơi đà quay trở - Dùng TO BEgone to để ám đà đến nơi ®ã vµ cha quay vỊ Eg: I’ve been to Hanoi My mother has gone to Hanoi since last week EXERCISE: Put the verbs in brackets into their correct tense: My friend is a writer She (write) many books They _ (play) tennis yesterday afternoon Ba (work) in a bookshop He (work) there for three years I (play) football since I (be) years old They (not start) work yet Bill usually (have) breakfast at 8.00 Yesterday at 8.30 Peter _ (meet) Bill and gave him an apple “TO BE”No, thanks I (just have) breakfast” he said They _ (leave) Singapore six months ago My mother (watch) the news on TV every day A: What time you (go) to bedlast night? B: I _ (go) to bed at 10.00 10 A: _ you (see) any good films recently? B: Yes, we (go) to the cinema last week and see a Chinese film VI THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE: 1, Form: (+) Affirmative S + will + V(infi ) I/we shall I’ll phone you tomorrow I think he will love me (-) Negative S + won’t +V(inf ) I/we shan’t She won’t forget it They won’t come on time ( ?) Interrogative Will S + V(infi ) ? Shall Will he buy a present for you? Yes he will ( no, he won’t) 2, Uses: - DiÔn tả hành động xảy tơng lai hay việc định làm lúc nói Eg: She will give you some money I’m too tired to walk homeI think we’ll get a taxi - DiÔn tả ý kiến, ý giả định, ớc đoán ngƯời nãi vỊ t¬ng lai Eg: I’m sure he’ll come back Prehaps well find him at the hotel - Thì tơng lai đơn dùng câu có chứa điều kiƯn, thêi gian, mơc ®Ých Eg: If I drop this glass, it will break When summer comes, we’ll buy some fishing-rods - Thì tơng lai đơn thờng đƯợc dùng sau cụm từ động từ: believe, hope, think,be afraid, be sure NOTE: Không dùng tơng lai đơn sau liên tù thời gian: when, before, after, as soon as, 3, Các trạng từ thờng dùng tơng lai đơn: someday, tomorrow, soon, next week, next month, next year, next Summer,… next Monday, next Tuesday, … V THE NEAR FUTURE WITH INTENTION: 1, Form: (+) Affirmative I: am She He is going to + V LYN – THPT CẦM BÁ THƯỚC (-) Negative I: am not She He isn’t going to+ V ( ?) Interrogative Am I she Is he going to+V? ĐỀ CƯƠNG CHI TIẾT ÔN THI TỐT NGHIỆP 2010 – 2011 It We You are They Eg: I’m going to give a birthday party next Sunday She is going to get married next month It We You aren’tt They We aren’t going to drink wine She isn’t going to clean the house I’m not going to buy a new motorbike LYN1982VN@GMAIL.COM it we Are you they Are you going to clean the house? Yes, I am (No,I’m not) …………… 2, Uses: - Diễn tả dự định làm hành động sửa xảy Ra tơng lai gần Eg: I am going to call him this afternoon NOTE: Động từ TO BEgo, TO BEcome Không đợc dùng với cấu trúc TO BEbe going to động từ ta dùng tiếp diễn để diễn tả t¬ng lai Eg: We are going to the cinema tonight He is coming to see me on Sunday V SOME STRUCTURES: 1, Had better: (Tốt hơn, nên) (+) Affirmative S + had better + V Eg: You had better keep silent in class We had better work hard (-) Negative S +had better not + V You had better not drink We had better not smoke ( ?) Interrogative Had + S + better +V ? Had we beeter make noise? What had we better do? 2, Used to: (th¦êng, ®· tõng) (+) Affirmative S + used to + V He used to work in that factory They used to live here (-) Negative S + didn’t use to + V He didn’t use to play football I didn’t use to swim in the river ( ?) Interrogative Did + S + use to +V ? Did you use to play football? Yes, I did (No, I didn’t) (-) Negative I We You +don’tt have They to She +V He + doesn’tt It We don’t have to get up early on Sunday She doesn’t have to cook on Sunday ( ?) Interrogative I we Do you +have to they +V? she Does he it Do you have to cook dinner on Sundays? Yes, I / (No, I don’t) Does she have to get up early? Yes, she does (-) Negative S + can’tt + V(infi…) ?) I can’t play football She can’t swim They can’t speak English ( ?) Interrogative Can + S + V(infi…) ?) ? Can you swim? Yes, I can (No, I can’t) Can she dance? Yes, she can / (No, she can't) 3, Have to: Ph¶i (+) Affirmative I We You + have They to +V She He + has It I have to my homework She has to cook dinner 4, Modal verbs: (+) Affirmative S + can + V(infi…) ?) Eg: I can swim My sister can play the guitar VI SOME EXERCISES: EXERCISE 1: Choose the best answer: Hoa, my friend (1) in Ho Chi Minh City She _ (2) our house next Sunday When she _ (3) , she _ (4) a surprise because this is the first time she (5) to Cao Bang I (6) her at the bus stop on Sunday morning and we _ (7) dinner at home She (8) for a week A lives B live C lived D is lived A visit B visits C visiting D will visit LYN – THPT CẦM BÁ THƯỚC ĐỀ CƯƠNG CHI TIẾT ÔN THI TỐT NGHIỆP 2010 – 2011 LYN1982VN@GMAIL.COM A come B came C comes D will come A gets B will get C is getting D got A goes B went C has gone D going A will meet B meet C meeting D met A have B will have C having D had A stays B is staying C has stayed D will stay EXERCISE 2: Choose the best answer: Last night we _ (1) dinner at a restaurant when Minh (2) in Minh (3) work in a lawyer’s office years ago, but now he _ (4) at a bank He (5) a good salary, but he always (6) money from his friends And never _ (7) it back Since I knew him, he _ (8) any money from me A have B had C have had D was having A comes B came C was coming D has come A uses to B used to C uses D used A works B working C has worked D will work A is get B got C gets D has got A borrowed B borrowing C has borrowed D borrows A paid B paying C pays D has paid A not borrow B didn’t borrow C.doesn’t borrow D hasn’t borrowed EXERCISE 3: Choose the best answer: I thought you would like to know some of my news I (1) in New York two weeks ago And now I _ (2) with a family caaled the Browns Mrs Brown (3) in a bank, but Msr brown (4) a job He _ (5) a course in business management which starts next month A arrived B arrive C arriving D am arriving A stay B stayed C.have stayed D am staying A worked B works C was working D is worked A not has B not have C doesn’t have D didn’t have A does B has done C is going to D did EXERCISE 4: Choose the best answer: I _ (1) the underground last Sunday when I (2) Lan Do you remember her? When we last _ (3) her, she (4) for her father’s shop Now she _ (5) English at a university in Ha Noi We (6) an art exhibition tonight I’m really looking forwards to it A travel B was travelling C am travelling D travelled A met B has met C was meeting D meet A see B have seen C was seeing D saw A works B is worked C was working D worked A learns B is learning C will learn D learnt A see B have seen C are going to see D saw EXERCISE 5: Choose the best answer: Linda is from England, but she (1) in the United States She _ (2) for a women’s magazine She _ (3) writing articles many years ago She (4) many articles As a journalist, she has visited nearly every city in the world Recently, she (5) to a number of Africa Now she _ (6) on holiday in Italy She _ (7) there three days ago She says she (8) to the United States next week A lives B lived C to live D living A worked B to work C is working D works A starts B was started C started D to start A writes B was writing C has written D wrote A has been B is C was D has to be A is being B was C has been D is A goes B went C has gone D is going A returns B will return C is return D returned * Cách nhận diện vị trí động từ: - Động từ từ diễn tả hành động trạng thái Động từ từ cho biết ngời vật làm Hành ®éng cđa ®éng tõ bao gåm kh«ng chØ viƯc thùc mà việc thu nhận hành động - Động từ mang nhiều đặc tính mà không từ loại khác có nh: + Diễn tả thời gian ( khứ, tại, tơng lai ) + Sự tiếp diễn, hoàn tất cha hoàn tất hành động - Động từ mang ký hiệu ngữ pháp nh: -s, -ing, -ed giúp diễn tả đặc tính ý nghĩa nói Chính học sinh dễ mắc lỗi tính biến đổi đa dạng kí hiệu * Vị trí động từ: Động từ từ xuất nhiều mÉu c©u nh: Let's _ She can _ LYN – THPT CẦM BÁ THƯỚC ĐỀ CƯƠNG CHI TIẾT ÔN THI TỐT NGHIỆP 2010 – 2011 LYN1982VN@GMAIL.COM They'll _ on time That window VËy ®éng tõ ®øng sau chđ ngữ, sau động từ khiếm khuyết sau let's * Cách xác định động từ: Ta xác định động từ dựa vào trạng từ thờng kết hợp với B- NG TỪ + TO + V-INF ; ĐỘNG TỪ + V-ING I ĐỘNG TỪ LÀM TÂN NGỮ: có ba loại Loại 1: Verb + to-infinitive 1.Infinitive with TO BEto (ĐT nguyên mÉu cã “TO BE”to”) a/ V + to V ex: He agreed to this work They promised to come back to pick up me He afforded to buy this quite house Some popular verbs: agree, offer, decide, appear, forget, seem, learn, manage, hope, promise, fail, arrange… b/ V + O + to V Ex: My father taught me how to use this computer She reminds us to homework Some popular verbs: remind, force, enable, persuade, order, warn, invite, teach, get…… c/ What/ how/ where/ when…) ? + to V Ex: I don’t know where to go I’m homeless Do you remember what to do? Some popular verbs: forget, explain, understand, decide, ask Ex: Mary learned to swim when she was very young The committee decided to postpone the meeting d/ Some special verbs: Sau Want, mean, intend, ask, expect, help, would like, would prefer ta dïng c¶ cÊu tróc V + to V vµ V + O + to V Ex: They asked me to turn back his book She asked to use this machine Addition: a/ After “TO BE”be + adj”: be glad, be happy, be kind… Ex: It is nice to meet you You are kind to carry this heavy suitcase for me b/ After “TO BE”be + enough/ too” Ex: She is too lazy to become a good student Sau bảng động từ có động từ khác sau động từ phải dùng dạng To - verb agree: đồng ý 10 fail: thất bại attempt: nỗ lực, cố gắng 11 hesitate: ngập ngừng, dự decide: định 12 Plan: lập kế hoạch demand: đòi hỏi, yêu cầu 13 prepare: chuẩn bị hope: hy vọng 14 refuse: từ chối intend: dự định 15 seem: dường learn: học (biết) 16 tend: có khuynh hướng offer: biếu, tặng, tỏ ý muốn 17 want: muốn expect: mong chờ, cho rằng, nghĩ 18 wish: ao ước Loại 2: Infinitive without TO BEto (Động từ nguyên thể TO BE”to”) a/ After Model verbs: can/ could/ may/ might/ would/ should/ maybe + V Ex: I can sing well You should go now b/ After “TO BE”Make & Let”: Make/ Let + O + V Ex: This story makes me feel happy Why you let him go away? Loại 3: Verb + V-ing a/ Subject.(Danh động từ làm chủ ng÷) Ex: Going shopping is my hobby b/ After the following verbs:(Sau động từ sau) LYN THPT CM BÁ THƯỚC ĐỀ CƯƠNG CHI TIẾT ÔN THI TỐT NGHIỆP 2010 – 2011 LYN1982VN@GMAIL.COM * prefer delay: trì hỗn, cản trở quit: bỏ, khỏi *like enjoy: thích suggest: đề nghị *prefer finish: hoàn thành consider: xem (là) *hate miss: bỏ lỡ mind: lưu ý, ý, quan tâm *love deny: từ chối recall: nhớ lại, triệu hồi avoid: tránh can’t stand can't help: ngăn, tránh practice: rèn luyện Ex: The little girl denied breaking the vase c/ After some Phrases/ Forms ( Sau c¸c cơm tõ/ CÊu tróc): can’t bear, can’t stand, can’t face, can’t help, feel t bear, can’t bear, can’t stand, can’t face, can’t help, feel t stand, can’t bear, can’t stand, can’t face, can’t help, feel t face, can’t bear, can’t stand, can’t face, can’t help, feel t help, feel like, It’t bear, can’t stand, can’t face, can’t help, feel s no good, It’t bear, can’t stand, can’t face, can’t help, feel s no use… Ex: I can’t help laughing whenever he tells a joke.(Tôi ko thể nhịn đc cời kể truyện hài) d/ After preposotion (Sau Giíi tõ) Lưu ý: Tất động từ đứng sau giới từ phải dạng V-ing VERB + PREPOSITION + VERB-ING Ex: We enjoyed seeing them again after so many years She can’t stand seeing him at home all day Sau bảng động từ có giới từ theo sau, động từ khác sau động từ phải dùng dạng verb-ing Verb + prepositions + V-ing give up rely on look forward to keep on succeed in worry about depend on think about think of Examples: John gave up smoking because of his doctor’s advice We are not looking forward to going back to school Sau bảng động từ có giới từ theo sau, động từ khác sau động từ phải dùng dạng verb-ing Verb + prepositions + V-ing give up rely on look forward to keep on succeed in worry about depend on think about think of Examples: John gave up smoking because of his doctor’s advice We are not looking forward to going back to school Sau động từ TO BE/ V có cơm giới từ theo sau, động từ khác sau phải dùng dạng verbing To be + afraid of/ fond of/ interested in/fed up with/ bored with/ surprised at(by) + accustomed to + v-ing + good/ bad at + v-ing + kind of + v-ing Cã mét sè ®éng tõ mµ theo sau nã lµ mét ®éng tõ nguyên dạng có to danh động từ nghĩa hoàn toàn khác STOP: + stop to smth: dừng lại để làm Eg: She stopped to make a cup of tea + stop doing smth: làm gì, không làm Eg: They stopped laughing when the teacher walked into the room REMEMBER: + remember to smth: nhớ phải làm + remember doing smth: nhớ lại đà làm He remembers to write to her every week = (nhí phải viết) He remembers writing to her every week = (nhớ lại có viết) FORGET: + forget to smth: quên làm điều + forget doing smth: quên đà làm điều Eg: I forget to see John yesterday I forget seeing John yesterday EXERCISE: Chọn phương án (ứng với A B, C, D) để hoàn thành câu sau She doesn’t really like _ up early A get B to get C geting D getting Would you give _ playing football if you broke your leg? A in B up C at D out LYN – THPT CẦM BÁ THƯỚC 10 ĐỀ CƯƠNG CHI TIẾT ÔN THI TỐT NGHIỆP 2010 – 2011 LYN1982VN@GMAIL.COM Which you enjoy doing _ to music or _ it yourself ? A listen - play B to listen – to play C listening- playing D listened – played She is afraid of _ away by the strong wind A to be taken B being taken C being taking D taking My father often spends hours on the river without _ anything A catch B to catch C catched D catching Football seems _ the most popular game in England A be B to be C being D been I don’t mind _ homework A done B doing C to D Mrs Ken is _ in going shopping A interest B to interest C interesting D interested She hates _ milk A drink B drinking C drank D to drink 10 Her mother can’t stand _ her at home all day A seeing B see C to see D seen 11 There used a movie theater here , but it closed a long time ago A be B to be C being D been 12: We ………… that game when we were younger A use to play B used to playing C used to playD use to play 13 My boy is fond of ………………stamps A collects B collect C collecting D collected 14: The children enjoyed to my story A to listen B listen C listened D listening 15: She hates the floor A clean B cleans C cleaning D cleaned II Phân từ dùng làm tính từ :(Tính từ đợc tạo thành từ động từ cách thêm đuôi ING/ED) - Có loại phân từ phân từ (động từ thêm đuôi Ing danh động từ) khứ phân từ V-ed (động từ phân từ 2) Hiện phân từ mang tính chủ động khứ phân từ mang nghĩa bị động.Phân từ đợc dùng nh tính từ nghĩa đứng trớc danh từ, theo sau động từ TO BE động từ nèi VÝ dơ: This is a tiring work (Tiring lµ phân từ đứng trớc work danh từ) I am tired of this work (Tired khứ phân từ ) Tơng tự nh ta có vÝ dô sau: We read an interesting book We are interested in reading book The film is boring We are bored with the film Funny stories is amusing We are amused at funny stories Vậy: - Tính từ đợc tạo thành từ động từ có tận ED đợc dùng nh tính từ cảm xúc với chủ ngữ ngời - - Tính từ đợc tạo thành từ động từ có tận ING đợc dùng nh tính từ miêu tả vật gây nên cảm xúc Các động từ thờng gặp sau thêm đuôi ING/ED trở thành tÝnh tõ nh: tire, bore, surprise, amuse, frighten, interest, excite, please, relax, amaze, terrify, Exercise 1: Give the correct form of the word in bracket: He has great _ (1) in maths He is also (2) in learning foreign languages especially English He says English is (3) but difficult He sometimes _ (4) his friends by reading English poems (interest) EXERCISE 2: Choose the best answer: Mary is in gardening.She can work in the garden for hours A.excited B.exciting C.interested D.interesting 2.The audiences were by the clown A.amusing B.amusse C.amusable D.amused I’m of hearing your excuses for your lateness A.tired B.fond C.worried D.surprised My wife is of spiders A.terror B.terrifying C.terrified D.terrify It was to listen to the story which the guide told A exciting B excited C excite D excitement He is listening to her sister’s advice A.bored in B.tired in C.tired of D.interested with 7.We are very at his success A.surprise B.surprising C.surprised D.to ssurprise 8.We had a discussion about football A.bore B.boring C.bored D.boredom LYN – THPT CẦM BÁ THƯỚC 11 ĐỀ CƯƠNG CHI TIẾT ÔN THI TỐT NGHIỆP 2010 – 2011 LYN1982VN@GMAIL.COM 9.It was to see my old friends again after a long time A.surprised B.surprise C.surprisingly 10 Are you in knowing all the answer? A.interested B.excited C.amused D.surprising D.frightened C - CÊu trúc câu bị động: Cấu trúc câu bị động tiếng Anh, chia thành hai loại sau : Loại 1: Bị động không tiếp diễn Dạng có công thức tổng quát sau: BE + PAST PARTICIPLE Loại : Bị động với tiếp diễn Dạng có công thức tổng quát sau: BE + BEING + PAST PARTICIPLE 1, Cách chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động: Muốn chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động cần nắm bớc chuyển sau đây: - Xác định tân ngữ câu chủ động , chuyển thành chủ ngữ câu bị động - Xác định động từ câu chủ động, chia TO BEto be tơng ứng với tiếng Anh với chủ ngữ câu bị động - Chia động từ câu chủ động dạng past participle câu bị động - By + tác nhân gây hành động ( muốn nhấn mạnh tác nhân gây hành động) S S Eg: He S + V + O + be + Past participle +by O will finish V this work tomorrow O This work will befinished by him tomorrow NOTE: - Các trạng từ cách thức thờng đợc đặt trớc động từ phân từ hai câu bị ®éng Eg: He wrote the book wonderfully The book was wonderfully written - By + tác nhân gây hành động đứng sau trạng ngữ nơi chốn đứng trớc trạng ngữ thời gian Eg1: A passer- by took him home He was taken home by a passer- by Eg2: We will receive the gifts on Monday The gifts will be received by us on Monday 2, Câu bị động tiếng Anh: TENSE ACTIVE PASSIVE Simple So+ am/is/ are +Ved /3rd column +(BY+ 0s) S +V / Vs(es) + -> present Tea is grown in Moc Chau People grow tea in Moc Chau -> The house is cleaned twice a day My mother cleans the house twice a day Simple past S +Ved / 2nd column + > So +was/were+Ved /3rd column+(BY+ 0s) They cleaned that window yesterday. > That window was cleaned yesterday Present continuous Past continuous To Ngoc Van drew those pictures -> S + am/is/ are + Ving + -> They are building a new school > I am opening a letter -> S + was/were +Ving + -> The secretary was opening the mail at 8p.m yesterday -> Present perfect S + have/has +Ved / 3rd column + -> Someone has cleaned the window Simple future Near future The students haven't done exercises S + will/ shall + V(infinitive) + -> They will build a new bridge next month S +am/is/ are +going to +V(inf )+0 -> have She is going to type the report The students are going to hold the meeting have/has LYN – THPT CẦM BÁ THƯỚC Those pictures were drawm by To Ngoc Van So + am/is/ are + being +Ved / 3rd + (BY+ 0s) A new school is being built A letter is opening (by me) So +was/were+ being +Ved /3rd +(BY+ 0s) The mail was being opened at 8p.m yesterday So + have/has+been +Ved / 3rd + (BY+ 0s) The window has been cleaned Exercises haven't been done (by the students) So + will/shall+be+Ved /3rd column+(BY+ 0s) A new bridge will be built next month So+am/is/are+going to+be+Ved/3rd+(BY+ 0s) The report is going to be typed by her The meeting is going to be held by the students have/has 12 ĐỀ CƯƠNG CHI TIẾT ÔN THI TỐT NGHIỆP 2010 – 2011 has had + to used modal verbs S + had + to + V(infinitive) + used I have to write a report > He has to wash the car -> My brother had to a lot of exercises > can/ could S + may + V(infinitive) + must should You can't wash this desk > We should clean our classroom every day You must leave your raincoat outside the room They may use this room for the classroom LYN1982VN@GMAIL.COM So + had +to+be+Ved/3rd column + (BY+ 0s) used A report has to be written ( by me) The car has to be washed (by him) A lot of exercises had to by my brother can/ could So + may + be+ Ved /3rd column + must (BY+ 0s) should This desk can,t be washed Our classroom should be cleaned every day Your raincoat must be left outside the room This room may be used for the classroom Note: * Sb need + V0 …) ?/ Noun : Eg: I need to know the exact time / How much money you need? * Sth need + V-ing / to be V-ing : Eg: The grass needs cutting / needs to be cut EXERCISE1: Changes sentences from active to passive: Somebody has taken my books away My books They will hold the meeting before May Day The meeting They have to repair the engine of the car The engine of the car People spend a lot of money on advertising every day A lot of money The teacher is going to tell a story A story The children looked at the woman with a red hat The woman You can't use this machine after 5.30 p.m This machine Minh used to visit our family at weekends Our family Mai is cutting a cake with a sharp knife A cake 10 Luckily for me, they didn't call my name Luckily for me, my name EXERCISE2: Choose the correct answer: The boy _ by the teacher yesterday A punish B punished C punishing D was punished Today, many serious childhood diseases _ by early immunization A are preventing B can prevent C prevent D can be prevented My wedding ring yellow and white gold A is made B is making C made D make Laura in Boston A are born B were born C was born D born His car needs A be fixed B fixing C to be fixing D fixed My mother is going _ this house A sold B sell C to be sold D to sell Have you _ by a dog? A bite B bit C ever been bitten D ever been bit The room is being _ at the moment A was cleaned B cleaned C cleaning D clean Somebody cleans the room everyday A The room everyday is cleaned B The room is every day cleaned C The room is cleaned everyday D The room is cleaned by somebody everyday 10 People don’t use this road very often A This road is not used very often B Not very often this road is not used C This road very often is not used D This road not very often is used LYN – THPT CẦM BÁ THƯỚC 13 ĐỀ CƯƠNG CHI TIẾT ÔN THI TỐT NGHIỆP 2010 – 2011 LYN1982VN@GMAIL.COM D - COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS Adjectives and adverbs of manner: a, Descriptive adj: Là từ miêu tả ngoại hình, chất hay đặc tính danh từ Eg: new, old, tall, short, careful, Các tính từ đứng sau động từ sau: be, feel, sound, look, become, smell, taste Eg: I feel tired He looks very young b, Adverbs of manner: Trạng từ cách thức cho biết hành động diễn nh +Cách thành lập: ADJ + LY = ADV Eg: bad - badly quick - quickly +Mét sè tr¹ng tõ cã cïng h×nh thøc víi tÝnh tõ Eg: hard - hard fast - fast early - early late - late +D¹ng ®Ỉc biƯt: good - well Comparison of adjectives and adverbs of manner: Comparison The positive degree Adjective adverb of manner a, Equality: S1 + Be + as + Adj + as + S2 Mai is as young as Lan Your sister is as careful as you b, Inequality: S1+Be +NOT + as + Adj + as + S2 He is not so / as young as his wife Yours sister is not as careful as you The comparative degree The superlative degree a, Short adjective: S1 Be + adj-ER + than + S2 He is younger than you b, Long adjective: S1+ Be + more + adj + than + S2 Lan is more careful than her sister a, Short adjective: S+ Be + the + adj-EST(n) + in /of all Lan is the youngest student in our class a, Equality: S1 + V + as + Adv+ as + S2 He runs as fast as his brother Your sister writes as careful as you b, Inequality: S1 + don't/doesn't/ didn't/ can't + V + as + Adv+ as + S2 My brother doesn't work as hard Ba can't drive so carefully as Minh b, Short adverb: S1 +V + adv-ER + than + S2 A car runs faster than a horse b, Long adjective: S1+ Be + more + adj + than + S2 Nam drives more carefully than his father b, Short adverb: S+ V + the + adv-EST(n) + in /of all He finished the test the fastest of all * Mét sè tính từ, trạng từ có cách so sánh đặc biệt: positive good well bad badly much many little far comparative better superlative the best worse the worst more the most near less farther further nearer late later old older elder the least the farthest (kc) the furthest (tg) the nearest (kc) the next (tt) the latest (tg) the last (tt) the oldest the eldest Exercise: Give the correct form of the words in brackets: Mai is (pretty) as her sister A new house is (expensive) than an old one The Nile River is (long) in the world Mr Minh speaks English (good) of all the teachers 5.Linh got home (late) than An did She is (tired) than she was yesterday Loan wasn't (careful) as the other persons I think the book is (interesting) than the film Tam is (bad) student in our class LYN – THPT CẦM BÁ THƯỚC 14 ĐỀ CƯƠNG CHI TIẾT ÔN THI TỐT NGHIỆP 2010 – 2011 LYN1982VN@GMAIL.COM 10 The teacher speaks English (fluent) than we EXERCISE 2: Choose the correct answer: No one else in the class plays the guitar John A as well B as far as C so well as D as soon as The town was nearer _ we thought it would be A then B that C as D than The economic conditions today are _ they were in the past A much more good B much better than C much better D the best than Peter is student in my class A taller than B so tall as C the talllest D tallest Jane is not _ her brother A more intelligent as B intelligent as C so intelligent as D so intelligent that He drives as his father does A careful as B more carefully C the most careful D carefully as What’s the film you’ve ever seen A good B best C better D the best My car is _ yours A more fast and economical than B more fast and more economical than C faster and economical asD faster and more economical than The accident in the history of the city occurred last night on the Freeway A badest B.most bad C worse D worst 10 It is not so hot today as it yesterday A is B was C will be D has been * Cách nhận diện vị trí tính từ: Chúng ta cã thĨ nhËn biÕt tÝnh tõ chóng ta điền vào hay nhiều mẫu câu nh: The house is very It was She looks He becomes very I feel My sister is a student VËy tÝnh tõ ®øng tríc danh tõ, hc sau ®éng tõ to be, look, feel, sound, taste, become, smell VỊ mỈt cÊu tróc ta nhận biết tính từ đợc tạo thành từ từ loại khác thấy chúng tận b»ng -ful, -ic, -ous, -al, -ive * C¸ch nhËn diƯn vị trí trạng từ: Về mặt cấu trúc, nhận biết trạng từ chúng điền vào chỗ trống hay nhiều mÉu c©u nh: , S + V She sings He was tired They have seen it We'll talk to him He hasn't written to me Vậy trạng từ nơi chốn, thể cách, thời gian đứng sau động từ sau tân ngữ Còn trạng từ mức độ thờng xuyên đứng tríc ®éng tõ chÝnh, ®øng sau ®éng tõ to be E - ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ When : trạng từ quan hệ đứng sau từ thời gian : Ex I’ll never forget the day when I met her (note: Sau when / where phải có S + V …) Where : Đứng sau từ nơi chốn : Dalat is the place where I like to come WHICH: Thay cho danh từ vật, làm chủ ngữ tân ngữ cho mệnh đề liên hệ Eg: I have got a computer programme which does the job for me We don't like the stories which have unhappy endings I liked the dress which she was wearing WHO : Thay cho từ ngời tên riêng, làm chủ ngữ cho mệnh đề liên hệ Eg: I don't know all the guests who were in the party WHOM : Thay cho từ ngời, làm tân ngữ cho mệnh đề liên hệ Eg: The doctor whom she visited is famous THAT : - Cã thÓ thay thÕ cho which, who, whom văn nói mệnh đề quan hƯ giíi h¹n Eg: These are the books that I use in class She is the swimmer that has won the gold medal - That dùng sau danh từ có tính từ so sánh (the best, the most…, everybody, anybody, nobody, somebody, everything, something …) LYN – THPT CẦM BÁ THƯỚC 15 ĐỀ CƯƠNG CHI TIẾT ÔN THI TỐT NGHIỆP 2010 – 2011 LYN1982VN@GMAIL.COM Ex He’s the best teacher that I have ever known I can see a girl and her dog that are running in the park - Dùng cấu trúc câu nhấn mạnh It is / was + S + that + V Eg: It is Mrs Lan that makes decisions in the family, not her husband NOTE: + Kh«ng dïng THAT mƯnh đề liên hệ không giới hạn + Không dùng THAT sau giíi tõ WHOSE: Thay thÕ cho tÝnh tõ së hữu sở hữu cách ngời Eg: We saw some people whose car was stolen WHERE = IN WHICH/ AT WHICH: Thay thÕ cho danh tõ chØ n¬i chèn Eg: The house where he lives is very old * Vị trí which, who, whom, whose,where mệnh đề tÝnh tõ: Chóng ta cã thĨ nhËn biÕt c¸c tõ which, who, whom, whose,where chúng điền vào chỗ trống mệnh đề tính từ Ta cần để ý đến từ trớc sau chỗ trống nếu: - Trớc chỗ trống danh từ vật từ cần điền which where (note: Sau where phi cú S + V ) Để xác định đợc vị trí từ cần điền which where ta cần phải đọc hiểu đợc ý câu Nếu danh từ vật đứng trớc chỗ trống diễn tả nơi chốn chọn where - Trớc chỗ trống danh từ ngời từ cần điền who, whom whose Để xác định đợc vị trí từ cần điền who, whom whose ta cần lu ý từ đứng sau chỗ trống Nếu: + Từ đứng sau chỗ trống động từ đà chia chọn who ( who + V + O …) ?) + Tõ ®øng sau chỗ trống đại từ nhân xng chủ ngữ ta chọn whom.(whom+S+V+O ) + Từ đứng sau chỗ trống danh từ thuộc quyền sở hữu từ đứng trớc chỗ trống ta chọn whose ( whose + N + …) ?) - Ta kh«ng thĨ chän THAT nÕu trớc chỗ trống có dấu phẩy (,) giới từ EXERCISE 1: Fill in the gap with WHICH, WHO or WHERE The man _robbed the bank had two pistols This is the station Emily met James He wore a mask made him look like Mickey Mouse This is the man built our house The woman _gave him the money was young This is the church Sue and Peter got married The bag _contained the money was yellow There is the bridge we have to cross The girl lives next door is very nice 10.The bus takes you to the station should be here any minute EXERCISE 2: Choose the best answer: Do you know a shop I can buy a TV? A which B where C when D.what My friend, Hung was my classmate in primary school is moving to Ho Chi Minh city next week A that B.whom C who D which He lives in a building has 20 floors A that B.which C what D where I live in a building there are 20 floor A that B which C.what D where Do you have a pen I can borrow? A where B what C.which D who They seem to give the children anything they want A what B that C.which D.where His new house, which _by the lake, has a beautiful and modern design A situate B situates C is situated D has situated Do you know the girl father is a teacher? A.who B whose C.whom D.which It’s Peter play football well A that B who C.which D.whom 10 He is repairing the table _ legs were broken A which B whose C that D whom F - CONDITIONAL SENTENCES TypeI: Điều kiện có thật xảy tơng lai ng t mnh đề If = đơn Động từ mệnh đề tương lai đơn LYN – THPT CẦM BÁ THƯỚC 16 ĐỀ CƯƠNG CHI TIẾT ƠN THI TỐT NGHIỆP 2010 – 2011 LYN1982VN@GMAIL.COM TypeII: §iỊu kiện đặt trí tởng tợng ngời, thật ng t mnh đề If = đơn Động từ mệnh đề tương lai q khứ * Form: Type I Main clause S + will/shall + V(inf ) + O can/may We will pass the exam II S + would + V(inf ) + O could/might He would pass the exam If clause if + S+ V(inf )/Vs(es) + O (to be: am/is/are) if we work hard if + S + V(inf )/Vs(es) + O (to be: were) if he work hard * UNLESS = IF NOT - Khi mƯnh ®Ị IF thể phủ định ta thay IF UNLESS, mệnh đề phủ định trở thành khẳng định Ex: If you don't study hard, you won't pass the exams -> Unless you study hard, you won't pass the exams - Nếu mệnh đề IF thể khẳng định ta thay IF UNLESS đổi mệnh đề theo thể ngợc lại Ex: If I have more time, I'll help you -> Unless I have time, I wo'nt help you * OR = UNLESS Ex: Work hard or you won't pass the exam -> You won't pass the exam unless you work hard EXERCISE1: Choose the best answer: I could tell you what this means if I Greek A know B will know C knew D would know If we let an object off your hand, it _ A fall B will fall C falls D would fall If I were offered the job, I think I it A will take B.would take C would have taken D took All our forests unless we find ways to stop people from cutting down the trees A will be destroyed B are destroyed C will destroy D destroy If I had a typewriter I it myself A typed B would type C has typed D will typed If he worked more slowly he so many mistakes A wouldn’t make B won’t make C didn’t make D wouldn’t made If we don’t anything to stop the ice on the poles from melting, the earth _one day A will floot B will be flooded C would flood D floods Unless we _ throwing garbage into the river, it will be polluted A stop B don’t stop C will stop D won’t stop More tourists would come to this country if it a better climate A had B has had C has D had had 10 If we nothing to preserve their habitat, some species will become extinct A B don’t C doing D did 11 If I a big prize in a lottery I’d give up my job A won B had won C has won D am won 12 _ we leave a bowl of water under the sun, it will evaporate A if B unless C when D while 13 If we continue to use fuels at the current rate, we a fuel crisis A will face B would face C won’t face D wouldn’t face 14 If there enough rain, the hydropower station can not operate A is B is not C will be D would be EXERCISE 2: Rewrite the following sentences using UNLESS If you are not careful, you will cut yourself with that knife -> If my sister doesn't like this one, I'll bring her another -> I'll not be able to any work if I not have a quite room -> She'll be late if she does not hurry -> If we had more rain, our crops would be better -> I would come to her wedding if I were invited LYN – THPT CẦM BÁ THƯỚC 17 ĐỀ CƯƠNG CHI TIẾT ÔN THI TỐT NGHIỆP 2010 – 2011 LYN1982VN@GMAIL.COM -> He'll come if he promises -> If I won a big prize in a lottery, I would give up my job -> Keep silent or you 'll wake the baby up -> `10 Stop talking or you won't understand the lesson -> EXERCISE3: Make conditional sentences according to the facts provided: I don't know her number so I can't phone her -> Today isn't Sunday, so the students can't go for a picnic -> The questions are too difficult, They can't answer them -> Her English is not good, so she doesn't get that job -> She is too weak She can't sit up to talk to you -> It is very cold, so we can't go swimming -> I don't know the answer, so I can't tell you -> The boy is so young that he can't go to school -> NOUNS- Danh tõ Danh tõ sè Ýt vµ danh tõ sè nhiỊu: Danh từ có đơn vị gọi danh từ số ít, danh từ có từ đơn vị trở lên gọi danh từ số nhiều Chỉ có danh từ đếm đợc có hình thức số nhiều * Cách biến đổi danh từ số sang danh từ số nhiều: - Đa số danh từ số + S trë thµnh sè nhiỊu Eg: a dog => dogs ; a book => books ; a table => tables - Các danh từ có tận S/X/SH/O/SS/CH + ES: Eg: a bus => buses ; a box => boxes ; a watch => watches ; a potato => potatoes (note: sè danh tõ cã tận O ta thêm S số nhiÒu Eg: a piano => pianos ; a radio => radios ; a kilo => kilos ) - C¸c danh tõ cã tËn cïng lµ Y, tríc Y lµ phơ ©m ta ®ỉi Y => I + ES Eg: a baby => babies ; a city => cities ; a family => families (note: trớc Y nguyên ©m ta chØ thªm S Eg: a key => keys ) Các danh từ có tận cùnglà F, FE ta bá F, FE + VES Eg: a leaf => leaves ; a knife => knives (note: sè danh từ có tận F, FE ta thêm S Eg: a safe => safes ; a chief => chiefs ) - Một số danh từ đếm đợc có hình thái số nhiều đặc biệt ví dụ: Số Ýt a man -> a woman -> a tooth -> mouse -> foot -> Sè nhiÒu men women teeth mice feet Nghĩa đàn ông đàn bà chuột bàn chân Số a child a bacterium a goose a medium a datum -> -> -> -> -> Sè nhiều children bacteria geese media data Nghĩa đứa trẻ vi khuẩn ngỗng phơng tiện kiện * Một số danh từ không thay đổi chuyển sang số nhiều: Eg: a fish -> fish ; sheep -> sheep ; means -> means ; spicies - spicies Danh tõ đếm đợc không đếm đợc - Danh từ đếm ®ỵc cã thĨ ®ỵc dïng víi sè ®Õm ®ã có hình thái số ít, số nhiều Nó dùng đợc dùng với a (an) the LYN THPT CẦM BÁ THƯỚC 18 ĐỀ CƯƠNG CHI TIẾT ÔN THI TỐT NGHIỆP 2010 – 2011 LYN1982VN@GMAIL.COM - Danh tõ không đếm đợc không dùng đợc với số đếm hình thái số nhiều Do đó, không dùng đợc với a (an).Khi ta muốn định lợng ta cần dùng từ nh kilo,pound, -Sau số danh từ không đếm đợc mà ta cÇn biÕt Sand soap physics mathematics News mumps Air politics measles information Meat homework food economics advertising* money * Mặc dù advertising danh từ không đếm đợc, nhng advertisement lại danh từ đếm đợc Eg: There are too many advertisements during television shows There is too much advertising during television shows - Mét sè danh tõ kh«ng đếm đợc nh food, meat, money, sand, water, đôi lúc đợc dùng nh danh từ đếm đợc để dạng khác loại danh từ Eg: This is one of the foods that my doctor has forbidden me to eat (chỉ loại thức ăn đặc biệt đó) He studies meats ( chẳng hạn pork, beef, lamb vv ) Bảng sau định ngữ dùng đợc với danh từ đếm đợc không ®Õm ®ỵc Danh tõ ®Õm ®ỵc (with count noun) a (an), the, some, any this, that, these, those, none,one,two,three, many a lot of plenty of a large number of a great number of, a great many of (a) few few than more than Danh từ không đếm ®ỵc (with non-count noun) the, some, any this, that non much (thờng dùng câu phủ định câu hỏi a lot of a large amount of a great deal of (a) little less than more than - Danh tõ time nÕu dïng víi nghÜa thêi gian lµ không đếm đợc nhng dùng với nghĩa số lần thời đại lại danh từ đếm đợc Eg: We have spent too much time on this homework She has been late for class six times this semester C¸ch sư dơng little/ a little, few/ a few - Little + dt không đếm đợc : ít, hầu nh kh«ng Eg: There is little water in the bottle I have little money, not enough to buy groceries - A little + dt không đếm đợc: có chút, ®đ ®Ĩ dïng Eg: I have a little money, enough to buy a ticket - few + dt đếm đợc số nhiều : có ít, không đủ Eg: She has few books, not enough for references - a few + dt đếm đợc số nhiều : có ít, ®đ ®Ĩ Eg: She has a few books, enough to read - Nếu danh từ đà đợc nhắc đến dới cần dùng (a) few (a) little nh đại từ đủ Eg: Are you ready in money? Yes, a little - quite a few = quite a lot = quite a bit = kh¸ nhiỊu - only a few = only a little = có ( nhấn mạnh) Sở hữu c¸ch cđa danh tõ: The + noun’s + noun - Chỉ đợc dùng danh từ ngời ®éng vËt, kh«ng dïng cho bÊt ®éng vËt Eg: The student’s book The cat’s legs LYN – THPT CẦM BÁ THƯỚC 19 ĐỀ CƯƠNG CHI TIẾT ÔN THI TỐT NGHIỆP 2010 – 2011 LYN1982VN@GMAIL.COM - NÕu cã danh tõ đứng sở hữu cách danh từ đứng gần danh từ bị sở hữu mang dấu sở hữu Eg: Tom and Marks house - Đối với danh từ số nhiều đà cóS cần đặt dấu ' đủ Eg: The students books - Nhng danh từ có số nhiều đặc biệt S đuôi phải dùng nguyên dấu sở hữu Eg:The childrens toys - Nó đợc dùng cho thời gian (năm tháng, kỷ, thiên niên kû.) Eg: The 1980’ events The 21 st century’s prospect Cách nhận diện vị trí danh từ: - Danh từ từ dùng để đặt tên cho ngời, vật, nơi chốn ý tởng - Danh từ từ có thể: + Dùng làm chủ ngữ hay tân ngữ cho động từ + Dùng làm tân ngữ cho giới từ + Làm bổ ngữ cho động từ nh be, become, seem + Đợc phẩm ®Þnh b»ng mét tÝnh tõ * VÞ trÝ cđa danh tõ: Danh tõ lµ tõ cã thĨ xt hiƯn nhiều mẫu câu nh: His was too large The is interesting Did you see their _ ? It was full of _ There are some She has a beautiful _ VËy danh tõ cã thĨ ®øng tríc ®éng tõ, ®øng sau m¹o tõ, giíi tõ, tÝnh tõ tính từ sở hữu Về mặt cấu trúc ta nhận biết danh từ đợc tạo thành từ từ loại khác thấy chúng tận er, or, dom, ment, ion, ity,ty,ce, ness, ARTICLES - m¹o tõ Mạo từ xác định (definite article): THE - Dùng trước danh từ người hay vật nhắc đến trước : I bought a shirt and a pullover this morning Unluckily, the pullover is too tight - Dùng trước DT mà người nói người nghe biết, dù chưa nhắc đến : Ex Where’s the bathroom? – Over there, in the corner - Dùng trước danh từ vật : the sun, the moon, the earth, the sky… - Trước tính từ dùng danh từ để nhóm : The rich should help the poor - Trước danh từ xác định cụm từ phía sau : The girl in blue… the man with the red banner… The boy that I met… the place where I met him … the tower of London… - Trước dạng so sánh số thứ tự: The first week, the best day, the most beautiful… - Trước tên đại dương, sông núi, sa mạc, phương hướng … The Pacific Ocean, the Alps, the Sahara, the Thames, the Nile, in the east… - Tên nhạc cụ nhóm nhạc : the guitar, the piano, the Beatles … Mạo từ không xác định (indefinite article) : a, an (trước danh từ m c số ít) Mạo từ bất định a, an đợc dùng với nghĩa (cái, ngời, vật) + "A"dựng trc danh từ số đếm đợc bắt đầu phụ âm Eg: a chair a key a dog a boy a house a book Hoặc danh từ có cách đọc nh phụ âm Eg: a university + "An" dùng trớc danh từ số đếm đợc bắt đầu nguyên âm (a, e, i, o, u) Eg: an eraser an umbrella an orange an egg an apple an inkpot Hoặc danh từ có cách đọc nh nguyên ©m Eg: an hour LYN – THPT CẦM BÁ THƯỚC 20 ... loại I II Kỹ năng: a) Đọc hiểu: Đọc hiểu nội dung nội dung chi tiết văn có độ dài khoảng 150 từ chủ điểm học chương trình, chủ yếu chương trình Tiếng Anh lớp 12 b) Viết: + Viết chuyển đổi câu... NOUNS- Danh tõ Danh tõ sè Ýt vµ danh từ số nhiều: Danh từ có đơn vị gọi lµ danh tõ sè Ýt, danh tõ cã tõ đơn vị trở lên gọi danh từ số nhiều Chỉ có danh từ đếm đợc có hình thức... trúc câu bị động tiếng Anh, chia thành hai loại sau : Loại 1: Bị động không tiếp diễn Dạng có công thức tổng quát sau: BE + PAST PARTICIPLE Loại : Bị động với tiếp diễn Dạng có công thức tổng qu¸t