Lập trình Windows - Lập Trình C #- Lập Trình C Shap - Chapter_1_Overview pot

What is the .NET framework The .NET Framework is Microsoft’s latest development platform, and is currently in version 4  Means of integrating disparate operating systems Linux, Mac OS

Chapter I

Framework and C# Overview

.NET FRAMEWORK

PART I

.NET Framework

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.NET 1.1 (Apr-2003)

VS NET 2003 Default: Server 2003

.NET 3.5 (Nov-2007) VS.NET 2008

Default: Windows 7

.NET 3.0 (Nov-2006) Default: Windows Vista, Server 2008

.NET 2.0 (Nov-2005) VS.NET 2005

.NET 1.0

(Feb-2002)

Net 4.0

What is the NET framework

 The NET Framework is Microsoft’s latest

development platform, and is currently in version 4

 Means of integrating disparate operating systems (Linux, Mac OS,…)

 No restriction on the type of applications: NET

Framework enables the creation of Windows

applications, Web applications, Web services…

+, Visual Basic, JScript, and even older languages

What’s in the NET

Framework?

 .NET Framework consists primarily of a gigantic library of

C#) using object-oriented programming (OOP)

techniques

functions like String Manipulation, Common Data

Structures, IO, Streams, Threads, Security, Network

Programming, Windows Programming, Web

Programming, Data Access, etc

 You can use the classes in FCL in your program just as you would use any other class You can even apply

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Common Type System (CTS)

basic types

 A type is a representation of data, and specifying

some of the most fundamental of facilitates

interoperability between languages using the NET Framework

 Example: CTS defines a type, Int32, an integral data type of 32 bits (4 bytes) which is mapped by int of C# and Integer of VB.Net

Common Language Runtime

(CLR)

 .NET Common Language Runtime (CLR), which is

responsible for maintaining the execution of all

applications developed using the NET library.

 Our programs don't directly communicate with the OS but

go through the CLR

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Executing an application using the.NET framework

 In order for C# code to execute, it must be converted into

a language that the target operating system understands, known as native code

 This conversion is called compiling co de, an act that is performed by a compiler

 Under the NET Framework, this is a two-stage process

 Compile your code into Common Intermediate Language

( CIL ) code

 JIT compiler (just-in-time) compiles CIL into native code that

is specific to the OS and machine architecture being targeted.

 IL (Intermediate Language)

 MSIL (Microsoft Intermediate Language)

 CIL (Common Intermediate Language)

 Alternate calling ways of the Intermediate language

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 When you compile an application, the CIL code

created is stored in an assembly

 Executable application files (.exe ) and libraries (.dll )

 meta information (about the information contained

in the assembly) and optional resources (additional data used by the CIL, such as sound files and pictures)

Managed Code

when it is executed

 CLR looks after your applications by managing

memory, handling security, allowing cross-language debugging,

 Applications that do not run under the control of the CLR are said to be unmanaged

 In C# you can write only code that runs in a

managed environment You will make use of the

managed features of the CLR and allow NET itself to handle any interaction with the operating system

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Garbage Collection

 Is the NET method of making sure that the memory used by an application is freed up completely when the application is no longer in use

 Prior to NET this was mostly the responsibility of

programmers.

 .NET garbage collection works by periodically

inspecting the memory of your computer and

removing anything from it that is no longer needed

 There is no set time frame for this; it might happen thousands of times a second, once every few

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CT C#.NET

CT VB.NET

CT C++.NET

CT J#.NET

VB NET Compiler

1011010 1011010 1011010

Programmer

.NET Framework - Architecture

 Common Language Infrastructure (CLI)

 provide a language-neutral platform for application development and

execution

.NET Framework - Architecture

Framework base classes

 Is the layer on top of the CLR

 The NET Framework class library exposes features of the runtime and provides other high-level services that every programmer needs by means of namespaces

System Namespaces (1)

 Contains fundamental classes and base classes

 Define commonly-used value and reference data types ,

events and event handlers, interfaces, attributes, and

processing exceptions

 Other classes provide services supporting:

 data type conversion

 method parameter manipulation

 Mathematics

 remote and local program invocation

 application environment management

 supervision of managed

 unmanaged applications

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System Namespaces (2)

 provides sorted lists, hash tables, and other ways

to group data

 file input /output (I/O), streams, and so on

 Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and sockets support

C# OVERVIEW

PART II

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 C# is one of the languages included in the NET

Framework It is an evolution of previous languages such

as C++, and can be used to write any number of

applications, including both web sites and Windows

applications.

 C# is object oriented and contains a powerful class

library of prebuilt components, enabling programmers to develop applications quickly.

 C# is an event-driven, visual programming language in which programs are created using an Integrated

Development Environment (IDE)

Overview of Features Added

Overview of What’s new in C# 3.0

 Implicitly Typed Local Variables (type inference)

 Object and Collection Initializers

Integrated Development

Environment (IDE)

 You can use Visual Studio 2010 to write any type of NET application using C# You can also use the free, but less powerful, express product range (including Visual C#

Developer Express) to create NET applications in C#

Both of these IDEs work with solutions, which can

consist of multiple projects.

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Design view of IDE

Some application types