First Certificate language practice with key 16 potx

GRAMMAR 25 CONSOLIDATION 5 The house painters Last week some painters came round to paint my house.. Explanations Understanding • Verbs are often followed by particles like back, off, t

FIRST C E R T I F I C A T E L A N G U A G E P R A C T I C E

6 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the w o r d given Do not change the w o r d given You must use between t w o and five words, including the w o r d given

a) Your car was cheaper than mine

cost

Your car cost less than mine did

b) I'm not as good at maths as you are

better

You I am

c) Keith is slightly taller than Nigel

little

Keith Nigel d) Bill was growing angrier all the time

and

Bill angrier e) Sally tried as hard as she could

did

Sally best f) I thought this film would be better

as This film I expected

g) This is the bumpiest road I've ever driven along!

such

I've never road h) When you eat a lot, you get fat

more

The you get

i) George said he couldn't do any better

could

George said it do

j) This year's exam and last year's exam were equally difficult

just

G R A M M A R 2 4 M A K I N G C O M P A R I S O N S

Transport solutions

First of all, walking is obviously the cheapest means of travelling, and can be the quicker

in a city centre Of course, the further you have

to go, the more so tired you will become

In some ways walking is more healthier than travelling by bus or car, but it can be just as the unhealthy because cities are the much more polluted than they used to be Cars are faster

of course and more than convenient, but as cities become more of crowded, parking is getting harder Sometimes public transport is better, even though buses don't go as fast as cars do it

Cars are a lot more and convenient but as they cause most pollution, it is the better to avoid using them if possible In a city the fastest way

of travelling is on a bike, which keeps you fitter and is not so that noisy as a motorbike or a car

K e y p o i n t s 1 Check spelling rules for comparative and superlative adjectives

In one syllable adjectives ending with one consonant, double the final consonant

big bigger the biggest

In one/two syllable adjectives ending with -y, change y to i

happy happier the happiest

2 Adverbs form comparatives and superlatives like adjectives

fast faster the fastest

3 Auxiliaries are often used at the end of a comparative clause to avoid repeating the verb

Wendy works twice as hard as I do (NOT as I work)

7 Look carefully at each line Some of the lines are correct, and some have a w o r d which should not be there Tick each correct line If a line has a w o r d which should not be there, write the w o r d in the space

Put one suitable w o r d in each space

Holiday problems

Somehow I always have problems when I go away on holiday (1) every

year my travel agent promises me that my holiday will be (2) best

I have ever had, but none of these promises has ever (3) true This year I got food poisoning (4) day I arrived It must have been the fish I ate at the hotel (5) evening In (6) morning I felt terrible, and I was seen by two doctors I tried to explain my problem to them, but (7) of them spoke English, (8) didn't help It took me (9) of the first week to recover, and I spent three

or four days sitting next to (10) hotel swimming pool reading newspapers By the time I felt better, (11) weather had changed, but I was determined to go sight-seeing, and do (12) swimming

Unfortunately (13) of the museums were open, as there was (14) strike I would have enjoyed myself (15) if I had stayed at home

2 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the w o r d given Do not change the w o r d given You must use between t w o and five words, including the w o r d given

a) That's the worst film I've ever seen

worse

I've never seen a worse film

b) There aren't any sandwiches left, I'm afraid

all

I'm afraid eaten c) I thought that Martin's last novel was more interesting

latest

Martin's interesting as his last one

G R A M M A R 2 5 C O N S O L I D A T I O N 5

e) Bob is a much better swimmer than George

swim

George as Bob

f) If you walk slowly, it takes longer to get there

longer

The more it takes to get there

g) Calling the police isn't any good

no

It's the police

h) I phoned Norman last of all

person

Norman phoned i) This is the best party I've ever been to

a

I've good party as this

j) I thought this meal would cost more than it did

less

This meal thought

3 Complete each sentence w i t h one suitable w o r d Do not use the w o r d piece

a) Would you like another slice of cake?

b) There is another of stairs after this one

c) What a lovely of hair you have

d) Put up your hand if you need another of paper

e) There was an interesting of news about Japan in the paper

f) Could you put a few of coal on the fire?

g) Pour me a of water, would you?

h) They gave me a very large of potatoes with my dinner

i) There was a terrible flash of lightning and a of thunder

j) Oh bother, I've split my new of shorts

F I R S T C E R T I F I C A T E L A N G U A G E P R A C T I C E

4 Rewrite each sentence so that it contains the w o r d given in capitals, and the meaning stays the same The w o r d cannot be changed in any way

a) You are not allowed to park here PARKING

Parking is not allowed here,

b) There aren't any tables, chairs or beds in the house FURNITURE

c) This room seems very crowded PEOPLE

d) Can you tell me about guided tours of the city? INFORMATION

e) The people in the theatre were enthusiastic AUDIENCE

f) I like maths best SUBJECT

g) There are a lot of cars on this road today TRAFFIC

5 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the w o r d given Do not change the w o r d given You must use between t w o and five words, including the w o r d given

a) Jim teaches French

works

Jim works as a French teacher

b) Can't you do better than that?

the

Is do? c) I haven't eaten lobster before

ever

This is the eaten

d) Is Julia a good violinist?

play

Can Julia well?

e) Actually, the only thing you need is a screwdriver

GRAMMAR 25 CONSOLIDATION 5

The house painters

Last week some painters came round to

paint my house I usually do this kind of a job

myself, but I've been here very busy for the last

month So I called a more local decorating firm,

and they agreed to do it for a reasonable price

Three men arrived on Monday the morning to

paint the outside walls Of course, they were used

the wrong colour and spilt paint all over the

front door Some one of the windows

upstairs were open, and some of paint went

inside the house and ruined both the carpet in

the living-room They also broke a window

I phoned their company, and the manager

assured me that they would repaint than the

walls Then I went away on a business

I've just come back, and the walls are a different

colour, but it is still such the wrong colour

If I had done the job myself, I would have

finished it by now

6 Put one w o r d in each space

a) My trousers are creased I must iron them

b) Could you give me information about the Arts Festival?

c) I can't come out tonight I have work to do

d) Look at your hair! You must have cut!

e) I've decided to buy new furniture

f) Thank you very much You've been great help

g) Is this cafe you told me about?

h) Chris was last person to leave the room

7 Look carefully at each line Some of the lines are correct, and some have a w o r d which should not be there Tick each correct line If a line has a w o r d which should not be there, write the w o r d in the space

Explanations

Understanding • Verbs are often followed by particles like back, off, through, up, etc (the word phrasal verbs particle means adverb or preposition) Sometimes both verb and particle have

their normal meaning At other times there is a new meaning when they are put together Compare:

Can you bring up the radio from downstairs? (normal meaning) She has brought up two children on her own

(new meaning = look after until adult)

The term 'phrasal verb' is used for the second case, where the verb + particle together has a special meaning Phrasal verbs are common in informal English

• Often one phrasal verb can have several different meanings and the correct one is only clear from the context

• There are four types of phrasal verbs These are covered in Grammar 26 and 27 Grammar 26: • phrasal verbs with two particles

• phrasal verbs with one particle; there must be an object; the particle is inseparable

Grammar 27: • phrasal verbs with one particle; there must be an object; the

particle can be separated from the verb

• phrasal verbs with one particle; there is no object

Verbs with two A selection of phrasal verbs is listed here with examples Others, and other particles meanings of those listed here, are included in the Practice section

Most of the verbs in the list need an object, and the object can only come at the end (so the verbs are inseparable)

I'm looking forward to my holidays

But some verbs are marked with an asterisk * With these verbs there is another form: there is no object, and the final particle is not used

I've decided to cut down on smoking I've decided to cut down

Cut down on*

I've decided to cut down on smoking (reduce the amount of)

Catch up with*

G R A M M A R 2 6 P H R A S A L V E R B S 1

Verbs w i t h one

particle: transitive

and inseparable

Drop in on*

I dropped in on Bill and Sheila on my way home (visit for a short time)

Face up to

You must face up to reality! (accept, deal with)

Feel up to

You must feel up to going to work (have the strength and energy to do)

Get away with

Jack stole the money and got away with it (do something bad and not be

punished) Get along/on with*

Do you get along/on with your new boss? (have good relations with)

Get on with

Stop talking and get on with your work! (continue with)

Get out of

/ managed to get out of working late (avoid a responsibility)

Get round to

/ haven't got round to decorating yet (find time to do)

Get up to

What has young Bill been getting up to? (do something bad)

Go in for

Do you go in for sailing? (have as a hobby)

Grow out of

Julie has grown out of playing with dolls (become too old for)

Keep up with*

You're going too fast! I can't keep up with you! (stay in the same place as)

Look down on

Our neighbours look down on anyone without a car (feel superior to)

Look up to

/ really look up to my teacher (respect)

Look forward to

We are looking forward to our holiday (think we will enjoy)

Make up for

This wonderful dinner made up for the bad service (compensate for)

Put up with

I can't put up with these screaming children! (accept without complaining)

Run out of*

Oh dear, we've run out of petrol! (have no more of)

Stand up for

You must learn to stand up for yourself! (defend)

These phrasal verbs take an object, and the object must come after the particle

It cannot go between the verb and the particle

I love coffee I can't do without it in the morning! (NOT do it without)

FIRST C E R T I F I C A T E L A N G U A G E P R A C T I C E

Ask after

Jim asked after you yesterday (ask for news of)

Call for

I'll call for you at six (come to your house and collect you)

Call on

I called on some friends in Plymouth (visit for a short time)

Come across

Joe came across this old painting in the attic (find by chance)

Come into

Sue came into a large sum of money (inherit)

Count on

I'm counting on you to help me (depend on)

Deal with

How can we deal with the traffic problem? (take action to solve a problem)

Do without

We'll have to do without a holiday this year (manage without having)

Get at

What are you getting at? (suggest)

Get over

Barry has got over his illness now (recover from)

Go over

Let's go over our plan once more (discuss the details)

Join in

Try to join in the lesson as much as you can (take part in, contribute to)

Live on

They live on the money her father gives them (have as income)

Look into

The government is looking into the problem (investigate)

Look round

Let's look round the town today (look at everything)

Make for

Where are you making for exactly? (go in the direction of)

Pick on

My teacher is always picking on me (choose a person to punish)

Run into

I ran into Steve in the supermarket yesterdayю (meet by chance)

See about

Well have to see about getting you an officeю (make arrangements)

GRAMMAR 26 PHRASAL VERBS 1

Rewrite each sentence so that it contains the phrasal verb in brackets You may have to change the f o r m

a) Sorry, but I haven't found time to fix your bike yet (get round to)

got round to fixing your bike yet

b) Oh bother, we don't have any milk left (run out of)

c) It took me a long time to recover from my illness (get over)

d) Julie must be too old to bite her nails (grow out of)

e) I think we've found an answer to the problem (come up with)

f) I don't think I'm well enough to play football today (feel up to)

g) Ann is someone I really respect (look up to)

h) I must arrange to have the kitchen painted (see about)

i) Please help me I'm relying on you (count on)

j) Peter is just like his father! (take after)