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Topic 6: Teamwork (Ch.21) Anh Mai anhmd@isvnu.vn 0902372688 Learning Plan I. Teams at Work A. What Is a Team? B. Model of Work Team Effectiveness II. Types of Teams A. Formal Teams B. Self-Directed Teams C. Teams in the New Workplace III. Team Characteristics A. Size B. Diversity C. Member Roles IV. Team Processes A. Stages of Team Development B. Team Cohesiveness C. Team Norms V. Managing Team Conflict A. Balancing Conflict and Cooperation B. Causes of Conflict C. Styles to Handle Conflict D. Negotiation VI. Work Team Effectiveness A. Productive Output B. Satisfaction of Members C. Capacity to Adapt and Learn 2 04/10/2011 Principles of Management_Teamwork Learning Objectives • Identify the types of teams in organizations. • Discuss new applications of teams to facilitate employee involvement. • Identify roles within teams and the type of role you could play to help a team be effective. • Explain the general stages of team development. • Identify ways in which team size and diversity of membership affects team performance. 3 04/10/2011 Principles of Management_Teamwork Learning Objectives (contd.) • Explain the concepts of team cohesiveness and team norms and their relationship to team performance. • Understand the causes of conflict within and among teams and how to reduce conflict, including the importance of negotiation. • Define the outcomes of effective teams and how managers can enhance team effectiveness. 4 04/10/2011 Principles of Management_Teamwork What is a Team? Unit of 2 or more people Interact or coordinate their work To accomplish a specific goal 5 04/10/2011 Principles of Management_Teamwork Differences Between Groups and Teams Designated leader Individual accountability Identical purpose for group & organization Individual work products Runs efficient meetings Effectiveness=influence on business Discusses, decides, delegates work to individuals Shares/rotates leader Accountable to each other Specific team vision or purpose Collective work products Encourages open-ended discussions Effectiveness=value of collective work Discusses, decides, shares work 6 Groups Teams 04/10/2011 Principles of Management_Teamwork Work Team Effectiveness Model 7 Exhibit 21.2 04/10/2011 Principles of Management_Teamwork Formal Teams 8 Vertical - composed of a manager and subordinates, sometimes called functional or command teams. Horizontal - composed of employees from the same hierarchical level but from different areas of expertise. Special-Purpose - created outside the formal organization for special projects and disband once project is completed. 04/10/2011 Principles of Management_Teamwork Self-Directed Team Elements Employees with several skills and functions Given access to various resources – information, equipment, machinery, and supplies needed to perform the complete task Empowered with decision making authority select new members - $ 9 Typically permanent teams 04/10/2011 Principles of Management_Teamwork Teams in the New Workplace • Virtual teams- consist of geographically or organizationally dispersed members linked via technology • Global teams- cross-border teams made up of members from different nationalities – intercultural – virtual 10 04/10/2011 Principles of Management_Teamwork [...]... Behavior Principles of Management _Teamwork High 15 Stages of Team Development Exhibit 21. 5 04/10/2011 Principles of Management _Teamwork 16 Team Cohesiveness High cohesiveness is attractive feature of team Extent to which team members are attracted to the team and motivated to remain in it Determinants Team structure Context 04/10/2011 Principles of Management _Teamwork 17 Determinants of Team Cohesiveness... wider variation in member productivity 04/10/2011 Principles of Management _Teamwork 20 Team Norms • Standard of conduct that is shared by team members and guides their behavior Valuable – define boundaries of acceptable behavior Not written down 04/10/2011 Principles of Management _Teamwork 21 Development of Team Norms Exhibit 21. 7 Critical events in team’s history Team Norms Explicit statements from... management teams 04/10/2011 Principles of Management _Teamwork 24 Causes of Team Conflict • • • • Scarce Resources Communication breakdown Personality clashes Goal differences 04/10/2011 Principles of Management _Teamwork 25 Model of Styles to Handle Conflict Assertive Assertiveness (Attempting to Satisfy one’s own concerns) Competing Collaborating Exhibit 21. 9 Compromising Unassertive Avoiding Accommodating... together 04/10/2011 Principles of Management _Teamwork 18 Determinants of Team Cohesiveness Team structure and context influence cohesiveness Team Context Moderate competition with other teams – cohesiveness increases as it strives to win Team success & favorable evaluation of the team by outsiders – add to cohesiveness 04/10/2011 Principles of Management _Teamwork 19 Consequences of Team Cohesiveness... Principles of Management _Teamwork 13 Characteristics of Teams Spend time and energy helping the team reach its goal Member Roles- Task specialist role spend time and energy helping the team reach its goal Initiate ideas Give opinions Seek information Summarize Energize 04/10/2011 • Socio-emotional role support team members’ emotional needs Principles of Management _Teamwork Encourage ... Management _Teamwork 22 Conflict Most important team characteristic • Antagonistic interaction in which one party attempts to thwart the intentions or goals of another ● Conflict is inevitable whenever people work together in teams ● Among members within a team or between one team and another ● Can have healthy impact = energizes people toward higher performance 04/10/2011 Principles of Management _Teamwork. .. Management _Teamwork 11 Characteristics of Teams Teams of 5-12 seem to work best Size- Ideal size is thought to be 7 Variations of from 5 to 12 typically are associated with good team performance Small teams (2-4 members) show more agreement, ask more questions Large teams (12 or more) tend to have more disagreements; subgroups form, conflicts among them occur 04/10/2011 Principles of Management _Teamwork. .. 1976), 900 04/10/2011 Principles of Management _Teamwork 26 Balancing Conflict and Cooperation • Superordinate Goals = goal that cannot be reached by a single party • Negotiation = parties engage one another in an attempt to systematically reach a solution • Mediation = process of using a third party to settle a dispute 04/10/2011 Principles of Management _Teamwork 27 Rules for Reaching a Win-Win Solution... Energize 04/10/2011 • Socio-emotional role support team members’ emotional needs Principles of Management _Teamwork Encourage Harmonize Reduce tension Follow Compromise 14 Team Member Roles Exhibit 21. 4 High Task Specialist Role · Focuses on task accomplishment over human needs · Important role, but if adopted by everyone, team’s social Member needs won’t be met Task Behavior Nonparticipator Role... people from the problem Focus on interests, not current demands Generate many alternatives for mutual gain Insist that results be based on objective standards 04/10/2011 Principles of Management _Teamwork 28 . Principles of Management _Teamwork What is a Team? Unit of 2 or more people Interact or coordinate their work To accomplish a specific goal 5 04/10/2011 Principles of Management _Teamwork Differences. Groups Teams 04/10/2011 Principles of Management _Teamwork Work Team Effectiveness Model 7 Exhibit 21.2 04/10/2011 Principles of Management _Teamwork Formal Teams 8 Vertical - composed of. Management _Teamwork Challenges of Virtual Teams • Select the right team members • Manage socialization • Foster trust • Effectively manage communications 11 04/10/2011 Principles of Management_Teamwork