Sat - MC Grawhill part 63 potx

610 MCGRAW-HILL’S SAT 4. Which of the following expresses the number that is 12 less than the product of 3 and x + 1? (A) x − 8 (B) x + 37 (C) 3x − 11 (D) 3x − 9 (E) 3x + 15 5. One bag of grass seed covers 5,000 square feet. If each bag costs $25, how much will it cost to buy enough grass seed to cover a square area that is 200 feet by 200 feet? (A) $25 (B) $100 (C) $200 (D) $1,000 (E) $2,000 Note: Figure not drawn to scale. 6. In the right triangle above, what is the value of w? (A) 30 (B) 60 (C) 90 (D) 120 (E) 150 x° y° x° y° w° 7 7 777 7 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 7. Three integers have a sum of 7 and a product of 0. If the difference of the greatest number and the least number is 11, then the least of these numbers is (A) −18 (B) −11 (C) −9 (D) −2 (E) 0 8. Four points lie on a circle. How many different triangles can be drawn with three of these points as vertices? (A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 7 (E) 8 9. If a, b, and c are consecutive positive integers such that a < b < c and abc is NOT a multiple of 4, then which of the following must be true? (A) a is even (B) b is even (C) c is even (D) a + b + c is odd (E) abc is odd CHAPTER 16 / PRACTICE TEST I 611 7 7 777 7 Questions 10–12 refer to the following graph. 10. For which class was the change in percent par- ticipation the greatest from 2002 to 2003? (A) A (B) B (C) C (D) D (E) E 11. If class B and class E each had 100 students in 2002 and 2003, then, in total, how many more students participated in the fund-raiser from class E than from class B over the 2 years? (A) 10 (B) 20 (C) 30 (D) 40 (E) 60 12. In 2002, the same number of students partici- pated in the fund-raiser from class C as from class D. If class D contained 120 students in 2002, how many students were there in class C in 2002? (A) 90 (B) 100 (C) 120 (D) 140 (E) 160 A C B D E 20 40 60 80 1000 0 20 40 80 60 100 PARTICIPATION IN FUND-RAISER FOR 5 CLASSES Percent participation in 2002 Percent participation in 2003 13. If x =−1 is a solution of the equation x 2 = 4x + c where c is a constant, what is another value of x that satisfies the equation? (A) −5 (B) −2 (C) 1 (D) 2 (E) 5 1, 2, 6, 7, 9 14. A three-digit integer is to be formed from the digits listed above. If the first digit must be odd, either the second or the third digit must be 2, and no digit may be repeated, how many such integers are possible? (A) 6 (B) 9 (C) 18 (D) 24 (E) 30 15. If one pound of grain can feed five chickens or two pigs, then ten pounds of grain can feed 20 chickens and how many pigs? (A) 8 (B) 10 (C) 12 (D) 24 (E) 40 16. Point C is the center of the circle on the figure above. The shaded region has an area of 3π square centimeters. What is the perimeter of the shaded region in centimeters? (A) 2π+6 (B) 2π+9 (C) 2π+12 (D) 3π+6 (E) 3π+12 120° C STOP If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only. Do not turn to any other section of the test. 612 MCGRAW-HILL’S SAT 8 8 888 8 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 1. The studio’s most recent movies reflect a of many different artistic visions rather than the of a single director. (A) conglomeration . . insubordination (B) prudence . . unity (C) bastion . . despair (D) synthesis . . dominance (E) conspiracy . . retreat 2. Rather than endeavoring to write timeless fiction with lasting value, many novelists cater to the tastes of those modern readers who read a book once and then discard it. (A) immoral (B) fleeting (C) valuable (D) solid (E) intellectual 3. Although many investors may tolerate short- term declines in the value of their securities, few will accept a downturn in the stock market. (A) protracted (B) contemporaneous (C) transient (D) surreptitious (E) fickle 4. In most modern societies, athletes are in the same way that successful warriors were celebrated by civilizations in years past. (A) invoked (B) repudiated (C) lionized (D) vilified (E) beguiled SECTION 8 Time—20 minutes 19 questions Turn to Section 8 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section. Directions: For each question in this section, select the best answer from among the choices given and fill in the corresponding circle on the answer sheet. Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are five words or sets of words labeled A through E. Choose the word or set of words that, when inserted in the sentence, best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole. EXAMPLE: Rather than accepting the theory unquestion- ingly, Deborah regarded it with . (A) mirth (B) sadness (C) responsibility (D) ignorance (E) skepticism A C D B CHAPTER 16 / PRACTICE TEST I 613 5. Dobson’s overconfident and arrogant manner during press conferences was beginning to ir- ritate his associates; there was no need to be about the success of an endeavor that had yet to be launched. (A) superficial (B) capricious (C) pious (D) deferential (E) supercilious 6. Although few literary critics approved of her criticism of the society in which she lived, Virginia Woolf remained a oppo- nent of the male hegemony that hindered women’s pursuit of professional and artistic success. (A) matriarchal . . pugnacious (B) patriarchal . . vociferous (C) avuncular . . belligerent (D) prejudiced . . rudimentary (E) liberal . . negligent 8 8 888 8 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE man who devotes the fiery days of his youth to learning to spell has time to be a genius. Serena says, and I agree with her, that it is the jealousy of a few college professors who are trying to undermine the younger writers. They know that it is excusable to spell incor- rectly now, but they want this new phonetic spelling brought into use so that there shall be no excuse for bad spelling, and that then, Ser- ena says, self-made authors like me, who never can spell but who simply blaze with ge- nius, will be hooted out of the magazines to make room for a stupid sort of literature that is spelled correctly. Serena looks upon the whole thing as a direct, personal stab at me. I look at it more philosophically. To me it seems that the spelling reformers are entirely on the wrong track. Their pro- posed changes are almost a revolution, and we Americans do not like sudden changes. We like our revolutions to come about gradually. Think how gradually automobiles have come to pass. If, in our horse age, the streets had suddenly been covered with sixty horsepower snorters going thirty miles an hour and smelling like an eighteenth-century literary debate, and killing people right and left, we Americans would have arisen and destroyed every vestige of the automobile. But the auto- mobile came gradually—first the bicycle, then the motorcycle, and so, by stages, to the pre- sent monsters. So slowly and progressively did the automobile increase in size and num- ber that it seemed a matter of course. We take to being killed by the automobile quite natu- rally now. Of course, the silent letters in our words are objectionable. They are lazy letters. We want no idle class in America, whether tramp, aristocrat, or silent letter, but we do not kill the tramp and the aristocrat. We set them to work, or we would like to. My theory of spelling reform is to set the idle letters to work. Take that prime offender, although. Altho does all the work, and ugh sits on the fence and whittles. I would put ugh to work. Ugh is a syllable in itself. I would have the ugh follow The passages below are followed by questions based on their content. Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage and in any introductory material that may be provided. Questions 7–19 are based on the following passage. The following are two essays on the American English spelling reform movement. Passage 1 was written in 1906 by the humorist Ellis Parker Butler. Passage 2 was written by a modern American writer in 2003. PASSAGE 1 My own opinion of the spelling profession is that it has nothing to do with genius, except to kill it. I know that Shakespeare was a promis- cuous sort of speller, even as to his own name, and no one can deny that he was a greater ge- nius than Noah Webster. The reason America so long lagged behind Europe in the produc- tion of genius is that America, for many decades, was the slave of the spelling-book. No 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 Line 5 614 MCGRAW-HILL’S SAT 8 8 888 8 the pronounced altho as a third syllable. Doubtless the asthmatic islanders who con- cocted our English language actually pro- nounced it so. I propose to have some millionaire endow my plan, and Serena and I will then form a so- ciety for the reforming of English pronuncia- tion. I will not punch out the i of any chief, nor shall any one drag me from any pro- gramme, however dull. I will pronounce programme as it should be pronounced— programmy—and, as for chief, he shall be pronounced chy-ef. The advantage of this plan is manifest. It is so manifest that I am afraid it will never be adopted. Serena’s plan is, perhaps, less intellectual, but more American. Serena’s plan is to ignore all words that contain superfluous letters. She would simply boycott them. Serena would have people get along with such words as are already phonetically spelled. Why should peo- ple write although, when they can write notwithstanding that, and not have a silent let- ter in it? I have myself often written a phrase twelve words long to stand instead of a single word I did not know how to spell. In fact, I abandoned my Platonic friendship for Serena, and replaced it with ardent love, because I did know how to spell sweetheart, but could not remember whether she was my friend or freind. PASSAGE 2 For centuries, thinkers as notable as Ben- jamin Franklin have registered the same com- plaint about English spelling: it is needlessly complicated and inconsistent in pronuncia- tion. Silent letters abound, and ough is pro- nounced six different ways in the words tough, bough, through, bought, although, and cough. Franklin wanted to change the alpha- bet and institute new spelling rules to make English more sensible, more usable, and eas- ier to learn. Such good ideas have been around a long time, and we should put them to rest for three good reasons. First, English, like most languages, has dialects. In Boston, Korea and career are GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 60 65 70 75 80 85 homophones. In San Francisco, they are not. To spell them the same way would be to im- pose a “preferred” dialect on all Americans, forcing us all to talk like South Enders and vi- olating our precious value of democracy over elitism. Failure to do so would result in chaos. Would a novelist from Alabama who was edu- cated at Brown write in her native drawl, her adopted New England dialect, or the homoge- nized English of the educated elite? In a de- mocratic society, isn’t one of the great benefits of a language-wide spelling system that it ob- scures those spoken dialects that are so often used to stratify and separate us? Second, languages evolve, adopting words from other languages, coining new ones, and changing pronunciations over time. The silent letters in the word eight, a bane of the “ratio- nal” speller, are the echoes of the German acht, the Latin octo, the Greek okto and even (faintly) the Sanskrit asta. The spelling may be vexing to some, but it is a historical treasure trove to others. Furthermore, this example shows the folly of trying to standardize spelling by linking it with pronunciation. The words won’t stand still. Third, languages are not influenced very much by plan or reason; they develop by evolving conventions of usage. They are cul- tural artifacts, not legislated standards. Spelling is like football: there may be lots of silly and illogical things in it, but that doesn’t mean you have a snowball’s chance in hell of replacing the rules. 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 CHAPTER 16 / PRACTICE TEST I 615 7. In the first paragraph of Passage 1, Noah Webster is mentioned as an example of (A) a genius who was a poor speller (B) one of the first spelling reformers (C) a man devoted to proper spelling (D) a famous playwright (E) one who shares the author’s opinion 8. Serena regards phonetic spelling as a “per- sonal stab” (line 24) at the author of Passage 1 because its proponents (A) have a history of vindictiveness (B) do not like hard work (C) are well educated (D) are wealthy (E) want to eliminate the author’s excuse for poor spelling 9. The success of “Serena’s plan” (line 74) de- pends on the ability of people to (A) change their habits of pronunciation (B) spell correctly (C) perfect their handwriting skills (D) learn an entirely new alphabet (E) change their writing habits 10. By saying that Serena’s plan is “more American” (line 75), the author of Passage 1 implies that Americans (A) are good spellers (B) regard writers with disdain (C) are inclined to protest (D) do not read enough (E) can’t take a joke 8 8 888 8 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 11. In Passage 1, the author’s theory of spelling reform differs from that of Serena in that the author (A) wants to alter the pronunciation of words that Serena wants to ignore (B) regards Shakespeare as a genius but Serena does not (C) wants to change the alphabet but Serena does not (D) seeks to simplify spelling, while Serena does not (E) understands how to alter American habits but Serena does not 12. The author of Passage 1 claims to have fallen in love with Serena because (A) his spelling skills were weak (B) they agreed on a plan for phonetic spelling (C) she helped him to understand philosophy (D) they shared a distaste for automobiles (E) they were both writers 13. The “chaos” mentioned in line 110 refers to (A) the difficulty of spelling words with silent letters (B) the challenge of getting scholars to agree (C) the many ways of pronouncing ough (D) the possibility of many sets of spelling rules for different dialects (E) the disagreement among linguists regarding spelling reform 616 MCGRAW-HILL’S SAT 8 8 888 8 14. According to Passage 2, “one of the great ben- efits of a language-wide spelling system” (lines 115–116) is that it (A) simplifies commonly misspelled words (B) discourages social distinctions implied by pronunciation (C) eliminates silent letters (D) makes it easier to translate words from English to other languages (E) imposes a preferred dialect 15. Passage 2 mentions the word “eight” (line 122) as an example of (A) a word with a spelling that is edifying to some (B) a commonly mispronounced word (C) a word with a spelling that the author believes should be simplified (D) a recently coined term (E) a word that has remained unchanged for centuries 16. The tone of the two passages differs in that Passage 1 is (A) jocular, whereas Passage 2 is logical (B) cynical, whereas Passage 2 is whimsical (C) analytical, whereas Passage 2 is lighthearted (D) scientific, whereas Passage 2 is satirical (E) strident, whereas Passage 2 is reflective 17. With which of the following statements would the authors of both passages most likely agree? (A) The rules of English spelling need to be changed. (B) Modern conventions of grammar are il- logical. (C) Americans are lazy. (D) Conventions of language are not easily changed. (E) Writers should read widely to perfect their craft. 18. If the author of Passage 1 were serious about his plan for reforming English pronunciation, the author of Passage 2 would likely regard that plan as (A) a necessary addition to phonetic spelling (B) a logical alternative to the current system (C) inferior to the plan for phonetic spelling (D) unworkable because it disregards the way that conventions of language develop (E) a more plausible plan than Serena’s 19. In both passages, the word “although” is regarded as (A) a word that is commonly mispronounced (B) a word that is difficult to spell (C) an example of an idiosyncracy of English that some consider problematic (D) a word that reveals much about the de- velopment of the English language (E) a word that can easily be eliminated from the English language STOP If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only. Do not turn to any other section of the test. CHAPTER 16 / PRACTICE TEST I 617 1. The chef’s assistant cut the vegetables and laid them on the table, he then started to prepare the meat. (A) The chef’s assistant cut the vegetables and laid them on the table, he (B) The vegetables were cut and laid on the table by the chef’s assistant when he (C) After cutting the vegetables and laying them on the table, the chef’s assistant (D) The chef’s assistant, having cut the veg- etables and laying them on the table, (E) Laying on the table, the chef’s assistant who cut the vegetables 2. Practicing their rebuttals ahead of time helps the forensics team members to become a bet- ter debater. (A) helps the forensics team member to be- come a better debater (B) helps forensic team members to become better debaters (C) helping the forensics team members to become better debaters (D) is helpful to the forensics team members who become better debaters (E) the forensics team member becomes a better debater 9 9 999 9 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE SECTION 9 Time—10 minutes 14 questions Turn to Section 9 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section. Directions: For each question in this section, select the best answer from among the choices given and fill in the corresponding circle on the answer sheet. The following sentences test correctness and effectiveness of expression. Part of each sen- tence or the entire sentence is underlined; beneath each sentence are five ways of phras- ing the underlined material. Choice A repeats the original phrasing; the other four choices are different. Select the choice that completes the sentence most effectively. In making your selection, follow the require- ments of standard written English; that is, pay attention to grammar, choice of words, sentence construction, and punctuation. Your selection should result in the most effective sentence— clear and precise, without awkwardness or ambiguity. EXAMPLE: The children couldn’t hardly believe their eyes . (A) couldn’t hardly believe their eyes (B) could hardly believe their eyes (C) would not hardly believe their eyes (D) couldn’t nearly believe their eyes (E) couldn’t hardly believe his or her eyes A C D E B 618 MCGRAW-HILL’S SAT 3. Billy the Bobcat, like other children’s stories, have elements that can only be fully appreci- ated by adults. (A) like other children’s stories have (B) like other children’s stories, has (C) a children’s story, like others, has (D) is like other stories for children in that they have (E) like that of other children’s stories, has also 4. Ernest Rutherford, a New Zealand scientist when measuring the charge and mass of alpha particles, discovered that they are virtually identical to the nuclei of helium atoms. (A) a New Zealand scientist when measuring the charge and mass of alpha particles (B) a New Zealand scientist who measured the charge and mass of alpha particles (C) a New Zealand scientist which measured the charge and mass of alpha particles (D) measuring the charge and mass of alpha particles, was a scientist when he (E) being the one who measured the mass and charge of alpha particles as a scientist 5. Oxytocin is the hormone that triggers uterine contractions during labor, as well as the pre- liminary contractions known as Braxton Hicks. (A) labor, as well as (B) labor, as well as being the hormone that triggers (C) labor, causing as well (D) labor; and also causes (E) labor; also causing 6. During the Clinton presidency, the U.S. enjoyed more than any time in its history peace and economic well being. (A) the U.S. enjoyed more than any time in its history peace and economic well being (B) the U.S. enjoying more than any other time in its history peace and economic well being (C) more peace and economic well being was enjoyed by the U.S. than any other time (D) economic peace and well being was en- joyed by the U.S. more so than any other time in the country’s history (E) the U.S. enjoyed more peace and eco- nomic well being than at any other time in its history 9 9 999 9 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 7. The final three months of the year tend to be profitable for technology companies because of increased consumer demand being around the holidays. (A) because of increased consumer demand being around the holidays (B) because of increasing consumer demand occurs around the holidays (C) an increased consumer demand around the holidays makes it so (D) because consumer demand increases around the holidays (E) because the increased consumer demand is what occurs around the holidays 8. As his moviemaking career began to wane, Jerry Lewis remained in the public eye by hosting a va- riety show and on an annual telethon with bene - fits for the Muscular Dystrophy Association. (A) on an annual telethon with benefits for the Muscular Dystrophy Association (B) an annual telethon with benefits to the Muscular Dystrophy Association (C) benefiting the Muscular Dystrophy Association with his annual telethon (D) an annual telethon benefiting the Muscular Dystrophy Association (E) the Muscular Dystrophy Association with an annual telethon 9. The development of bebop is attributed in large part to Dizzy Gillespie and also saxophonist Charlie Parker; and their unique styles helped to contribute to and typified the bebop sound. (A) and their unique styles helped to con- tribute to and typified the bebop sound (B) their unique styles contributed to and typified the bebop sound (C) it was their unique styles that contributed to and were typifying the bebop sound (D) but their unique styles helped contribute to the typical bebop sound (E) the bebop sound was helped by the contri- butions of their unique styles and typified it CHAPTER 16 / PRACTICE TEST I 619 10. Many critics believe that video games are harm- ful to children that contain violent imagery. (A) are harmful to children that contain vio- lent imagery (B) containing violent imagery are harmful to children (C) that contain violent imagery that harms children (D) containing violent imagery that are harmful to children (E) harmful to children containing violent imagery 11. Walking hand-in-hand along the boardwalk, a vendor stopped the couple to try to sell them lemonade. (A) a vendor stopped the couple to try to sell them lemonade (B) the couple was stopped by a vendor who tried to sell them lemonade (C) trying to sell them lemonade, a vendor stopped the couple (D) a vendor stopped the couple to try and sell them lemonade (E) the couple having been stopped by the vendor who tried to sell them lemonade 12. Professor Peterson had just stepped into the classroom and that was when he discovered that several lab manuals were missing. (A) and that was when he found out (B) and then he discovered (C) when he discovered (D) after which he discovered (E) discovering soon thereafter 9 9 999 9 13. Parents today spend more time working than 30 years ago. (A) than (B) than have (C) than of the parents of (D) than did parents (E) than of the parents 14. The anthropologists would have considered their research a success if they would have found a language that shares lexical elements with the Borneans they were studying. (A) if they would have found a language that shares lexical elements with the Borneans they were studying (B) had they found a language that shares lexical elements with that of the Borneans they were studying (C) if they found a language that shares lexi- cal elements with the Borneans they were studying (D) if they had found a language that shares lexical elements with the Borneans they were studying (E) if they would have found a language that shares lexical elements with that of the Borneans they were studying STOP If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only. Do not turn to any other section of the test. . of the spelling-book. No 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 Line 5 614 MCGRAW-HILL’S SAT 8 8 888 8 the pronounced altho as a third syllable. Doubtless the asthmatic islanders who con- cocted our English. among linguists regarding spelling reform 616 MCGRAW-HILL’S SAT 8 8 888 8 14. According to Passage 2, “one of the great ben- efits of a language-wide spelling system” (lines 115–116) is that. participated in the fund-raiser from class E than from class B over the 2 years? (A) 10 (B) 20 (C) 30 (D) 40 (E) 60 12. In 2002, the same number of students partici- pated in the fund-raiser from class