Sat - MC Grawhill part 61 doc

Questions 19–24 are based on the following passage. The following is an excerpt from a book on ge- nomics, the new science of gathering and using the information encoded in the genes of an organism. Biology is being reborn as an information sci- ence, a progeny of the Information Age. As in- formation scientists, biologists concern themselves with the messages that sustain life, such as the intricate series of signals that tell a fertilized egg to develop into a full-grown or- ganism, or the orchestrated response the im- mune system makes to an invading pathogen. Molecules convey information, and it is their messages that are of paramount importance. Each molecule interacts with a set of other molecules and each set communicates with an- other set, such that all are interconnected. Net- works of molecules give rise to cells; networks of cells produce multicellular organisms; net- works of people bring about cultures and soci- eties; and networks of species encompass ecosystems. Life is a web and the web is life. Ironically, it was the euphoria for molecules that touched off this scientific revolution. In the 1980s only a tiny percentage of the mil- lions of different molecular components of liv- ing beings was known. In order to gain access to these molecules, a new science and even a new industry had to be created. Genomics is the development and application of research tools that uncover and analyze thousands of different molecules at a time. This new ap- proach to biology has been so successful that universities have created entire departments devoted to it, and all major pharmaceutical companies now have large genomics divi- sions. Genomics has granted biologists un- precedented access to the molecules of life, but this is more than just a technological revo- lution. Through genomics massive amounts of biological information can be converted into an electronic format. This directly links the life sciences to the information sciences, thereby facilitating a dramatically new frame- work for understanding life. Information is a message, a bit of news. It may be encoded or decoded. It may be 590 MCGRAW-HILL’S SAT 3 3 333 3 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE conveyed by smoke signals, pictures, sound waves, electromagnetic waves, or innumer- ous other media, but the information itself is not made of anything. It has no mass. Fur- thermore, information always has a sender and an intended receiver. This implies an un- derlying intent, meaning, or purpose. Infor- mation theory thus may seem unfit for the cold objectivism of science. The focus of the information sciences, however, is not so much on information content, but rather on how messages are conveyed, processed, and stored. Advances in this area have been great and have helped to propel the remarkable develop- ment of the computer and telecommunication industries. Could these forces be harnessed to better understand the human body and to im- prove human health? 19. The primary purpose of this passage is to (A) refute a theory (B) describe the origins of a misconception (C) analyze different perspectives on a phenomenon (D) describe a new trend in a field of study (E) suggest a new method of teaching 20. The passage mentions each of the following as an example of elements interrelating to form a larger whole EXCEPT (A) molecules forming a cell (B) organisms forming an ecosystem (C) pathogens forming the immune system (D) individuals forming a society (E) cells forming an organism 21. The passage mentions the “orchestrated response” (line 7) primarily as an example of (A) the coordinated efforts of scientists (B) molecules conveying information (C) the work being done to promote genomics (D) the similarity between cells and computers (E) an unrealized potential of the cell Line 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 Transducing the Genome, Gary Zweiger, McGraw-Hill, pp. xi–xii CHAPTER 16 / PRACTICE TEST I 591 3 3 333 3 22. According to the passage, the “dramatically new framework” (lines 40–41) is one in which (A) new university buildings are being built (B) the immune system attacks a pathogen (C) networks of molecules give rise to cells (D) genomics research receives more federal funding (E) biological data is translated into a new form 23. According to the passage, information theory “may seem unfit for the cold objectivism of science” (line 51–52) because (A) it is better suited to commercial industry than to academic study (B) it can be conveyed by sound waves (C) it suggests that messages may have meaning or purpose (D) it is not rigorously studied (E) it analyzes biological information 24. Which of the following best describes the func- tion of the final paragraph in relation to the rest of the passage? (A) It modifies a theory presented earlier. (B) It provides a solution to a problem men- tioned earlier. (C) It raises doubts about the value of genomics. (D) It indicates actual and potential conse- quences of genomics. (E) It mentions a viable alternative to genomics. STOP If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only. Do not turn to any other section of the test. 1. The controversial themes, which resonate with recent political events, explain why the book is selling at such a feverish pace. (A) explain why the book is selling at such a feverish pace (B) explains the feverish pace of the book (C) explain the reason for the pace of the book’s feverish sales (D) explains why the book’s selling pace is so feverish (E) is why the book is selling well 2. One of the best features of the journalist’s lifestyle is you never know what’s next . (A) you never know what’s next (B) it’s so unpredictable (C) that you never know what’s next (D) one can never predict what’s next (E) its unpredictability 3. Despite having an engaging personality and an outstanding education, Greg’s search for a sat - isfying job was fruitless. (A) Greg’s search for a satisfying job was fruitless (B) Greg searched fruitlessly for a satisfying job (C) Greg’s job search was fruitless because he insisted on a satisfying job (D) the satisfying job that Greg sought was nowhere to be found (E) Greg searched for a satisfying job, but it was fruitless 592 MCGRAW-HILL’S SAT 4 4 444 4 SECTION 4 Time—25 minutes 35 questions Turn to Section 4 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section. Directions: For each question in this section, select the best answer from among the choices given and fill in the corresponding circle on the answer sheet. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE The following sentences test correctness and effectiveness of expression. Part of each sen- tence or the entire sentence is underlined; beneath each sentence are five ways of phras- ing the underlined material. Choice A repeats the original phrasing; the other four choices are different. Select the choice that com- pletes the sentence most effectively. In making your selection, follow the require- ments of standard written English; that is, pay attention to grammar, choice of words, sentence construction, and punctuation. Your selection should result in the most effective sentence—clear and precise, with- out awkwardness or ambiguity. EXAMPLE: The children couldn’t hardly believe their eyes. (A) couldn’t hardly believe their eyes (B) could hardly believe their eyes (C) would not hardly believe their eyes (D) couldn’t nearly believe their eyes (E) couldn’t hardly believe his or her eyes A C D E B CHAPTER 16 / PRACTICE TEST I 593 4 4 444 4 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 4. The plot of the movie was neither plausible and it was not even faithful to the novel . (A) and it was not even faithful to the novel (B) nor was it faithful to the novel (C) nor faithful to the novel (D) and certainly not faithful to the novel (E) yet hardly faithful to the novel 5. We were astonished that the package had took so long to get to its destination. (A) had took so long to get (B) had took so long getting (C) had taken so long in its getting (D) had taken so long to get (E) had been so long getting 6. The committee agreed that the new principal should be able to inspire teachers, uphold tra- dition, and, above all, he or she must maintain a scholarly atmosphere. (A) he or she must maintain a scholarly atmosphere (B) they should maintain a scholarly atmosphere (C) maintain a scholarly atmosphere (D) keep things scholarly (E) he or she should keep things scholarly 7. Although critics say that many have portrayed Othello with more passion than he, they can’t help but admire his acting. (A) he, they can’t help but admire his acting (B) him, they can’t help but admire his acting (C) he, they can’t help but admire him acting (D) him, they can’t help but admire him acting (E) him, they must only admire his acting 8. Neither of the battling rams appeared to feel the pain of their wounds. (A) of the battling rams appeared to feel the pain of their wounds (B) of the battling rams appeared to feel the pain of its wounds (C) ram, that was battling, appeared to feel the pain of their wounds (D) ram who were battling appeared to feel the pain of its wounds (E) battling ram appeared as if to feel the pain of their wounds 9. Walking into her house after a hard day’s work, Liz’s family surprised her with a warm, delicious meal and a clean house. (A) Liz’s family surprised her with a warm, delicious meal and a clean house (B) Liz was surprised to find a warm, deli- cious meal and a clean house, courtesy of her family (C) Liz’s family made her a warm, delicious meal and cleaned the house, surprising her (D) Liz found a warm, delicious meal and a clean house surprising her from her family (E) a warm, delicious meal and a clean house surprised Liz, courtesy of her family 10. An increasing number of students are coming to realize that an education at a public univer- sity can be as good, if not better, than an elite private college. (A) as good, if not better, than an elite pri- vate college (B) as good, if not better, as one at an elite private college (C) as good as, if not better, than an elite private college education (D) as good an education as, if not better, than one at an elite private college (E) as good as, if not better than, one at an elite private college GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 594 MCGRAW-HILL’S SAT 4 4 444 4 11. S. J. Perelman, whose hallmark of a grandilo- quent writing style is widely regarded as one of the finest American wits of all time. (A) S. J. Perelman, whose hallmark of a grandiloquent writing style is (B) Being that his hallmark is a grandilo- quent writing style, S. J. Perelman is (C) S. J. Perelman’s grandiloquent writing style is his hallmark and is (D) S. J. Perelman and his hallmark of a grandiloquent writing style are (E) S. J. Perelman, whose hallmark is a grandiloquent writing style, is 12. The lack of progress in international relations reveals that AB governments must study the art of C diplomacy much closer . No error DE 13. Because Deborah has been a representative for over 20 years and also her popularity among her constituents, few are willing to challenge her in an election. No error 14. Caravaggio demonstrated the great range of his artistic talent in such paintings as “Bacchus” and “Basket of Fruit,” painted in 1593 and 1596, respectfully . No error 15. Grizzly bears rarely show aggression toward humans, but they will protect their territory from anyone whom they would have considered to be a threat. No error A B C DE A BC DE A B C D E The following sentences test your ability to recognize grammar and usage errors. Each sentence contains either a single error or no error at all. No sentence contains more than one error. The error, if there is one, is under- lined and lettered. If the sentence contains an error, select the one underlined part that must be changed to make the sentence correct. If the sentence is correct, select choice E. In choos- ing answers, follow the requirements of stan- dard written English. EXAMPLE: By the time they reached the halfway point A in the race , most of the runners hadn’t hardly BCD begun to hit their stride. No error E A C D E B GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE CHAPTER 16 / PRACTICE TEST I 595 4 4 444 4 20. The service at Centro is much better than the other restaurants we frequent, so we prefer to go there when we are entertaining guests. No error 21. Before the curtain rose, Anthony wished that he were back in bed, only dreaming about performing in front of hundreds of strangers rather than actually doing it. No error 22. James, like many parents, believes that if a child can read at a very young age , they will grow to have exceptional literary talent. No error 23. The decline of the Enlightenment was hastened not only by tyrants but also because of intellectual opposition. No error 16. The choir’s rendition of “America the Beautiful” was stirring , particularly after the children had finished their presentation on the meaning of freedom. No error 17. Andre suggested to the board that both the fund deficit and the disillusionment of the investors were a problem that had to be addressed immediately. No error 18. Because Phillips reasoned that either accepting or rejecting the proposal were going to upset some political faction, he decided to delay the vote until after his reelection . No error 19. The Attorney General spoke at length about the detrimental effects of having less defense attorneys to serve indigent defendants. No error A B C D E A B C D E AB C DE A BC D E A B C DE A BC D E A B C D E A B C D E 596 MCGRAW-HILL’S SAT 24. Although he pitched professionally for 3 decades, Nolan Ryan never lost any velocity on his fastball, and few maintained such control over so many pitches as he. No error 25. The Senator and his opponent, Thomas Cowher, were running a very tight race until he made a racially insensitive comment that offended many voters. No error 26. Just when those who were observing the heart transplant procedure assumed the worst , the surgeons themselves are most confident. No error 4 4 444 4 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 27. Although testing for unsafe levels of asbestos particles is widely advocated for houses built before 1950, many home owners ignore this suggestion. No error 28. Between my brother and I existed a strong bond that did not weaken even when he chose to live thousands of miles away on a different continent. No error 29. Writing about the folk duo, The Indigo Girls, one critic has suggested that their longevity is due to its ability to remain faithful to an honest musical style while stretching the boundaries of convention. No error A B C D E A BC DE A BCD E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E CHAPTER 16 / PRACTICE TEST I 597 Directions: The following passage is an early draft of an essay. Some parts of the passage need to be rewritten. Read the passage and select the best answers for the questions that follow. Some questions are about particular sentences or parts of sen- tences and ask you to improve sentence struc- ture or word choice. Other questions ask you to consider organization and development. In choosing answers, follow the requirements of standard written English. Questions 30–35 refer to the following passage. (1) For thousands of years, philosophers have de- bated whether humans discover mathematics or it is something that has been invented. (2) Plato believed that perceived mathematical objects like lines were only vague shadows of abstract “ideals” that exist out- side of human experience. (3) Circular objects or cir- cles drawn on paper aren’t “really” circles. (4) Rather, they are just a flawed approximation of the perfect circular form. (5) So, in this sense, Plato believed that mathematics was something revealed imperfectly to humans, not invented by them. (6) Many students surely wish that mathematics had not been invented at all. (7) A position that opposes Plato’s idealism is called mathematical intuitionism, which is the belief that all mathematics is the product of human minds. (8) There is one good way to understand the dif- ference between idealism and intuitionism. (9) Look at big numbers. (10) An idealist would say that all numbers, no matter how large, truly exist, even if no one has ever actually calculated them. (11) An intu- itionist, on the other hand, might say that some num- bers may be so big that they are physically impossible to calculate or express in a meaningful way, and so do not truly “exist.” (12) Another point of view that is different from these ones is one that says that it is a pointless thing to ask the question as to whether mathematical objects “really exist” or not. (13) This view simply regards mathematics as a tool for interpreting information from the world around us. (14) This view is essentially a compromise between idealism and intuitionism. (15) Although it acknowledges that mathematics reaches beyond the mind of a mathematician, it also denies that it has any meaning outside of the mind. (16) The concept of a circle is not a reflection of an 4 4 444 4 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE abstract “ideal,” and also it is not completely a human invention. (17) Instead it is a concept that we form in our minds after perceiving and thinking about many circular objects in the world around us. 30. Which of the following is the best revision of the underlined portion of sentence 1 (repro- duced below)? For thousands of years, philosophers have de- bated whether humans discover mathematics or it is something that has been invented. (A) humans discover mathematics or invent it (B) humans so much discover mathematics as they do invent it (C) the discovery of mathematics is what humans do or the invention (D) humans discover mathematics or if it is invented (E) mathematics is something discovered or if humans invent it 31. In context, which of the following is the most logical revision of the underlined portion of sentence 3 (reproduced below)? Circular objects or circles drawn on paper aren’t “really” circles. (A) Nevertheless, circular objects (B) According to his reasoning, circular objects (C) Furthermore, circular objects (D) Secondly, circular objects (E) All the while, circular objects 598 MCGRAW-HILL’S SAT 4 4 444 4 34. Which of the following is the best way to com- bine sentences 8 and 9 (reproduced below)? There is one good way to understand the differ- ence between idealism and intuitionism. Look at big numbers. (A) One good way to understand the differ- ence between idealism and intuitionism is the following: look at large numbers. (B) It is a good way to understand the differ- ence between idealism and intuitionism in considering large numbers. (C) The consideration of large numbers pro- vides one good way toward the under- standing of the difference between idealism and intuitionism. (D) To consider large numbers is to have one good way of understanding the differ- ence between idealism and intuitionism. (E) One good way to understand the differ- ence between idealism and intuitionism is to consider large numbers. 35. In context, which of the following is the best revision of sentence 12 (reproduced below)? Another point of view that is different from these ones is one that says that it is a pointless thing to ask the question as to whether mathematical objects “really exist” or not. (A) A third point of view regards it as point- less to ask whether mathematical objects “really exist.” (B) Another, completely different, point of view is the one that regards asking whether or not mathematical objects “really exist” as pointless. (C) Asking whether mathematical objects “really exist” is pointless, according to another, third, different point of view. (D) The asking of whether mathematical objects “really exist” is a pointless thing, says a third point of view. (E) Another different point of view says it is pointless to ask about whether mathe- matical objects “really exist” or not. 32. Which of the following is the best revision of sentence 4 (reproduced below)? Rather, they are just a flawed approximation of the perfect circular form. (A) But instead they are only a flawed approxi- mation of the perfect circular form. (B) Rather, they are only flawed approxima- tions of the perfect circular form. (C) Rather, their forms are merely an approxi- mation of circular perfection alone. (D) Instead, their approximation of the perfect circular form mentioned above is imperfect. (E) Rather, their perfection as circular forms is only an approximation of it. 33. Which of the following sentences contributes least to the unity of the first paragraph? (A) Sentence 3 (B) Sentence 4 (C) Sentence 5 (D) Sentence 6 (E) Sentence 7 STOP If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only. Do not turn to any other section of the test. CHAPTER 16 / PRACTICE TEST I 599 5 5 555 5 SECTION 5 Time—25 minutes 18 questions Turn to Section 5 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section. Directions: This section contains two types of questions. You have 25 minutes to complete both types. For questions 1–8, solve each problem and decide which is the best of the choices given. Fill in the cor- responding circle on the answer sheet. You may use any available space for scratchwork. 1. The use of a calculator is permitted. 2. All numbers used are real numbers. 3. Figures that accompany problems in this test are intended to provide information useful in solv- ing the problems. They are drawn as accurately as possible EXCEPT when it is stated in a spe- cific problem that the figure is not drawn to scale. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated. 4. Unless otherwise specified, the domain of any function f is assumed to be the set of all real num- bers x for which f(x) is a real number. The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360. The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 1. If 2x = 10 and 3y = 12, then 4x + 6y = (A) 10 (B) 12 (C) 22 (D) 32 (E) 44 2. The average (arithmetic mean) of three num- bers is 5. If one of the numbers is 4, what is the sum of the other two numbers? (A) 8 (B) 9 (C) 10 (D) 11 (E) 12 Notes Reference Information r A = πr 2 C=2πr ᐉ w A = ᐉw V = ᐉwh V = πr 2 h Special right triangles c 2 = a 2 + b 2 A = 1 / 2 bh h b ᐉ w h r h b c a 2x x x s s s 3 2 30° 60° 45° 45° . because he insisted on a satisfying job (D) the satisfying job that Greg sought was nowhere to be found (E) Greg searched for a satisfying job, but it was fruitless 592 MCGRAW-HILL’S SAT 4 4 444 4 SECTION. objects 598 MCGRAW-HILL’S SAT 4 4 444 4 34. Which of the following is the best way to com- bine sentences 8 and 9 (reproduced below)? There is one good way to understand the differ- ence between. facilitating a dramatically new frame- work for understanding life. Information is a message, a bit of news. It may be encoded or decoded. It may be 590 MCGRAW-HILL’S SAT 3 3 333 3 GO ON TO THE NEXT