Master gmat 2010 part 55 pps

26. Is the area of Quadrilateral R greater than the area of Quadrilateral S? (1) The perimeter of R is greater than the perimeter of S. (2) R and S are both squares. 27. If x N y 5 x(x 2 y), then (21 N 22) N (1 N 2) 5 (A) 22 (B) 21 (C) 0 (D) 1 (E) 2 28. A B O In the figure above, if O lies at the center of the circle, what is the degree measure of minor arc AB? (1) The length of line segment AB equals the radius of the circle. (2) ∠OAB measures 60°. 29. In a horse show, nine of the horses competing were awarded ribbons. The show’s judge never awards ribbons to fewer than 15% of the horses and never to more than 30% of the horses. If h is the number of horses competing, how many different values of h are possible? (A) 15 (B) 16 (C) 24 (D) 30 (E) 31 30. Distribution Q {15, 10, x, 7, 12, 10} has a median of 11. Which of the following describes all possible values of x? (A) x ≥ 10 (B) x 5 11 (C) x 5 12 (D) x 5 10 or 12 (E) x ≥ 12 31. Machine X, Machine Y, and Machine Z produce widgets. Machine Y’s rate of production is one third that of Machine X, and Machine Z’s production rate is twice that of Machine Y. If Machine Y can produce 35 widgets per day, how many widgets can the three machines produce per day working simultaneously? (A) 105 (B) 164 (C) 180 (D) 210 (E) 224 32. On the xy plane, what is the unit area of the quadrilateral defined by the xy coordinate pairs (21,21), (25,3), (2,21), and (2,3)? (A) 12 = 2 (B) 11 = 3 (C) 18 (D) 20 (E) 25 33. A bag contains 185 cards: 160 “Try Again” cards and 25 “Winner” cards. How many “Try Again” cards must be removed for the probability of selecting a “Winner” card among 25 such cards to be 1 6 ? (A) 35 (B) 40 (C) 42 (D) 48 (E) 64 practice test Practice Test 4 523 www.petersons.com 34. What is the fifth number in a particular series of numbers, if the tenth number in the series is 450? (1) The ninth number in the series is 150. (2) Each number in the series is three times the previous number. 35. If x 1 y x 2 y 5 x 1 y x , which of the following expresses the value of x in terms of y?(y Þ 0, x Þ y) (A) 2y (B) y 2 (C) y 2 (D) y 2 1 (E) 2y 36. The figure above shows a solid cube 3 inches on a side but with a 1-inch square hole cut through it. How many square inches is the total surface area of the resulting solid figure? (A) 24 (B) 42 (C) 52 (D) 58 (E) 64 37. By what percent has the price of a gallon of gasoline decreased since January 1 of this year? (1) The price of gasoline has decreased by 20 cents per gallon since January 1 of this year. (2) The current price of gasoline is $1.90 per gallon. 524 PART VI: Five Practice Tests www.petersons.com VERBAL SECTION 41 QUESTIONS • 75 MINUTES Directions for Sentence Correction Questions: (These directions will appear on your screen before your first Sentence Correction question.) This question presents a sentence, all or part of which is underlined. Beneath the sentence you will find five ways of phrasing the underlined part. The first of these repeats the original; the other four are different. If you think the original is best, choose the first answer; otherwise choose one of the others. This question tests correctness and effectiveness of expression. In choosing your answer, follow the requirements of Standard Written English; that is, pay attention to grammar, choice of words, and sentence construction. Choose the answer that produces the most effective sentence; this answer should be clear and exact, without awkwardness, ambiguity, redundancy, or grammatical error. Directions for Critical Reasoning Questions: (These directions will appear on your screen before your first Critical Reasoning question.) For this question, select the best of the answer choices given. Directions for Reading Comprehension Questions: (These directions will appear on your screen before your first group of Reading Comprehension questions.) The questions in this group are based on the content of a passage. After reading the passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all the questions following the passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. 1. The need of third-world countries for trained workers are partially met by the efforts of the Peace Corps. (A) The need of third-world countries for trained workers are (B) Trained workers for the needs of third-world countries are (C) Third-world countries in need of trained workers are (D) The need for trained workers in third-world countries is (E) The trained workers needed by countries of the third world are 2. Many of India’s museums, libraries, and its other cultural institutions bear the last name of the nation’s first prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru. (A) museums, libraries, and its other cultural institutions (B) museums, libraries, and other cultural institutions (C) museums, many libraries, and many other cultural institutions (D) cultural institutions, museums, and libraries (E) museums and libraries and other cultural institutions practice test Practice Test 4 525 www.petersons.com 3. To save money, many manufacturers of chemical products decide to emit harmful chemicals into the environment instead of disposing of them safely. Often, these emissions are the obvious cause of health problems for people who live near the source of the emissions. Eventually, many manufacturers engaging in these activities are compelled by the courts to compensate their victims for these health problems. Which of the following is most readily inferable from the information above? (A) Emitting harmful chemicals to reduce costs ultimately results in lower profitability levels than if the manufacturer refrains from emitting the chemicals. (B) Manufacturers of chemical products place a higher value on saving money than on public health. (C) These manufacturers will eventually discontinue emitting harmful chemicals into the environment. (D) The courts consider the rights of those harmed by the emissions to be more important than the rights of chemical manufacturers. (E) Those harmed by the emissions deserve to be compensated for the resulting health problems. 4. To indicate the fact that they are in opposition to a bill, legislators sometimes engage in a filibuster—a dilatory tactic designed to essentially kill the bill. (A) To indicate the fact that they are in opposition to (B) To indicate the fact of their opposition to (C) To show their opposition to (D) To show that they themselves oppose (E) In indicating that they are in opposition to 5. Last year, more job-seekers applied for jobs with companies that regu- larly investigate their employees’ personal medical histories than for jobs with companies that rarely do so. As a group, last year’s job applicants were obviously uncon- cerned about the privacy of their medical records. Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the argument above? (A) A common reason employers review employee medical files is to check for health problems that disqualify employees from receiving health-insurance benefits. (B) Job applicants have no way of knowing whether a prospective employer investigates its employees’ medical histories. (C) A certain proposed law, if enacted, would make it easier for employers to gain access to the medical histories of their employees. (D) Information about which companies investigate their employees’ medical histories, and which do not, is widely available to job seekers. (E) The number of people applying for jobs last year was signifi- cantly greater than during most years. 526 PART VI: Five Practice Tests www.petersons.com 6. Only one pie can win first place at the annual pie-baking contest held at the county fair. Pies will be judged for flavor, freshness of ingredients, proper “doneness,” and distinctness among the pies entered in the contest. The contest rules provide that only fruit-filled pies may be entered. Which of the following would best support a prediction that the winning pie at the pie-baking contest will be a cherry pie? (A) More cherry pies than any other type of pie have been entered in the contest. (B) Achieving proper doneness is more difficult with fresh cherries than with other pie ingredients. (C) Fresh fruits are not available to any of the pie-baking contes- tants. (D) Judges prefer the flavor of cherry pies over the flavors of other pies. (E) Baking fresh cherries to their proper doneness results in over-baking the pie’s crust. QUESTIONS 7–9 ARE BASED ON THE FOLLOWING PASSAGE: Line Dorothea Lange was perhaps the most notable of the photographers commis- sioned during the 1930s by the Farm Security Administration (FSA), part of a federal plan to revitalize the nation’s economy and to communicate its human and social dimensions. The value of Lange’s photographs as documents for social history is en- hanced by her technical and artistic mastery of the medium. Her well- composed, sharp-focus images reveal a wealth of information about her subjects and show historical evidence that would scarcely be known but for her camera. Her finest images portray people who appear indomi- table, unvanquished by their reverses. “Migrant Mother,” for example, portrays a sense of the innocent victim, of perseverance, of destitution as a temporary aberration calling for compassion, solutions, and politics to alter life for the better. The power of that photograph, which became the symbol of the photographic file of the FSA, endures today. The documentary book was a natu- ral genre for Lange and her husband Paul Taylor, whose narrative accompanied Lange’s FSA photographs. In An American Exodus, produced by Lange and Taylor, a sense of the despair of Lange’s subjects is heightened by the captioned quotations of the migrants. Taken from 1935 to 1940, the Exodus pictures became the accepted vision of the migration of Dust Bowl farm workers into California. 7. According to the passage, the photograph entitled “Migrant Mother” (A) appeared in the documentary book An American Exodus. (B) was accompanied by a caption written by Lange’s husband. (C) was taken by Lange in 1935. (D) portrays the mother of a Dust Bowl farm worker. (E) is considered by the author to be one of Lange’s best photographs. 8. The passage provides information for responding to all of the following questions EXCEPT: (A) What was the FSA’s purpose in compiling the photographic file to which Lange contributed? (B) How did the FSA react to the photographs taken by Lange under its commission? (C) In what areas of the United States did Lange take her photographs appearing in An American Exodus? (D) Why did Lange agree to work under the commission of the FSA? (E) What qualities make Lange’s photographs noteworthy? practice test Practice Test 4 527 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 www.petersons.com 9. Among the following characteriza- tions, the passage is best viewed as (A) a survey of the great photographers of the Depression era. (B) an examination of the photographic techniques of Dorothea Lange. (C) an argument for the power of pictures to enact social change. (D) a discussion of the goals and programs of the FSA’s photographic department. (E) an explanation of Lange’s interest in documenting the plight of Depression victims. 10. Most people know what an eclipse is and have heard the terms “solar eclipse” and “lunar eclipse”; yet, most people could not explain how their different. (A) how their different (B) them differently to others (C) the difference between them (D) why the difference (E) how their different from each other 11. Freshmen college students are typically surprised to discover that even an introductory course in English literature can be challenging in that it requires a great deal of reading. (A) it requires a great deal (B) it is necessary to do large amounts (C) you need to do a lot (D) they all require large amounts (E) one requirement is a large quantity 12. Engineering teams monitor over a hundred former nuclear test sites for radiation levels, the civilian populace is banned from any area with sufficiently high levels. (A) for radiation levels, the civilian populace is (B) to measure radiation levels, yet the civilian populace is (C) for their radiation levels, the civilian populace are (D) for their levels of radiation, and the civilian populace is (E) to determine radiation levels, and the civilian populace are 13. Everybody agrees that a decline in the quality of television programming invariably results in a decrease in television viewership. Members of the Television Writers Union are threatening to go on strike this season to compel the television studios to meet certain demands. Clearly, the movie studios whose movies are shown in theaters should hope that the television writers will indeed decide to go on strike. Each of the following must be assumed to be true in order for the conclusion above to be properly drawn EXCEPT: (A) Television writers are not the same writers who write screen- plays for movies shown in movie theaters. (B) An increase in movie theater attendance will result in increased profits for movie theaters. (C) A television writers’ strike would result in a decline in the quality of television programming. (D) Movie studio profits are directly correlated to the profits of the movie theaters themselves. (E) When people watch less television their movie theater attendance increases. 528 PART VI: Five Practice Tests www.petersons.com 14. Six weekends each year, Alpha Show- grounds are used exclusively for public horse shows. During all other weekends, the grounds are used exclusively as a public market. For its revenues, Alpha depends entirely on admission fees, and revenue from a typical weekend horse show is far greater than from a typical weekend market. However, Alpha’s annual revenues from the market far exceed its annual revenues from horse shows. Which of the following strategies is likely to provide the greatest boost to Alpha’s revenues? (A) Increase the fee for admission to the public market, but leave the admission fees for horse shows unchanged. (B) Increase the fees for admission to the horse shows, but leave the admission fee for the public market unchanged. (C) Discontinue use of the grounds for horse shows, and schedule the public market for each and every weekend of the year. (D) Schedule some horse shows for weekdays instead of weekends and, during those weekends, use the grounds as a public market instead. (E) Schedule some weekend markets for weekdays instead of weekends and, during those weekends, use the grounds for horse shows instead. QUESTIONS 15–17 ARE BASED ON THE FOLLOWING PASSAGE: Line Viewing the undersea world from a land-based perspective, it is easy to consider a colony of coral to be some- thing similar to a bed of flowers: Many species of both display brilliant markings and have intricate, visually appealing shapes. Yet, their relation- ship is predominantly aesthetic, as the basic composition of a coral polyp,an animal, differs markedly from that of a self-photosynthesizing plant like a rose or zinnia. It could even be argued that lichen, a fungus, bears more in common with corals than flowers do, since both lichen and corals are typified by mutually beneficial relationships with photosynthesizing algae. While there are some species of coral that can exist solely by capturing food, most corals receive energy by hosting millions of single-celled organisms known as zooxanthellae. The zooxanthellae are provided safety from predation as well as certain by-products of the coral’s metabolism, such as ammonia, which zooxanthellae require to grow and reproduce. In return, the coral uses a portion of the energy zooxanthellae produce through photosynthesis for its own sustenance, growth, and reproduction. 15. The author compares coral to a bed of flowers to illustrate (A) how human perceptions of other habitats are influenced by their own environment (B) the zoological similarities that exist between corals and flowers (C) why a better understanding of corals is needed to preserve endangered forms (D) how plants and animals have more in common than most people realize (E) the ability of underwater life to mimic that of the land- based world practice test Practice Test 4 529 5 10 15 20 25 30 www.petersons.com 16. In the passage’s second paragraph, the author suggests that (A) lichen use zooxanthellae algae for use in photosynthesizing (B) lichen provides some form of photosynthesizing algae with the same basic nutrients that corals provide to zooxanthellae (C) zooxanthellae serve a function with corals that is served by some photosynthesizing organisms in lichen (D) corals are not as dependent as lichen on their photosynthesizing partners (E) corals and lichen are both able to capture food for themselves if necessary 17. According to the passage, corals provide zooxanthellae with (A) lichens needed for sustenance and growth (B) enzymes that immunize them from harmful bacteria (C) metabolic byproducts needed for reproduction (D) brilliant coloration usually associated with flowering plants (E) a certain fungus that camou- flages them from predators 18. In the city of Ocean View, escalating prices of single family homes are forcing more and more people who work in Ocean View and wish to purchase a home to move inland, where homes are more affordable. This trend is unhealthy for Ocean View, both economically and socially. But the city can reverse the trend by providing economic incentives for home-building companies to build houses that are affordable to a greater percentage of Ocean view residents. Which of the following, if true, would provide the most support for the argument above? (A) Workers who commute a short distance to work are more productive, on average, than workers who commute further. (B) Most of Ocean View’s workers would rather reside in Ocean View than in other areas. (C) The supply of rental housing in Ocean View currently exceeds the demand for such housing. (D) At present, there are a signifi- cant number of lots in Ocean View on which it is possible to build new single-family homes. (E) Home builders generate a greater profit from building expensive homes than less expensive ones. 530 PART VI: Five Practice Tests www.petersons.com 19. Some of this year’s Faimount College graduates are eligible for the internship program with the district attorney’s office. Any person meeting the eligibility requirements for this program is likely to gain admission to the local law school if he or she applies, whether or not that person actually participates in the internship program. However, only this year’s Faimount College graduates are eligible to participate in the internship program. If the information provided is true, which of the following must on the basis of it also be true? (A) Any of this year’s Faimount Col- lege graduates who apply for admission to the local law school are likely to gain admission. (B) Some people likely to gain admission to the local law school would not have been eligible for the internship program. (C) Some of this year’s Faimount College graduates are likely to gain admission to the local law school if they apply. (D) Everyone who is eligible for the internship program graduated from Faimount College this year. (E) Unless a person is among this year’s Faimount College graduates, he or she cannot gain admission to the local law school. 20. Considered to be the most unforgiving course in the world, cyclists must train especially hard to meet the challenge. (A) Considered to be the most unforgiving course in the world, cyclists must train especially hard to meet the challenge. (B) Considered as the most unforgiving course in the world, the challenge is be met only by cyclists training especially hard. (C) Cyclists must train especially hard to meet the challenge of the course considered more unforgiving than any other course in the world. (D) The most unforgiving course in the world, the challenge for cyclists is to train especially hard for it. (E) Meeting the challenge requires cyclists to train especially hard for the most unforgiving course in the world. 21. Based on controlled experiments involving laboratory animals, any new drug which is proved to be a cause of cancer will subsequently be denied approval by the Food and Drug Administration. (A) which is proved to be a cause of (B) proven to cause (C) that is proved to cause (D) which proves that it causes (E) proved to cause practice test Practice Test 4 531 www.petersons.com 22. Because people are living longer, they are developing more new types of ailments. Pharmaceutical companies are responding by developing new prescription drugs that prevent these new ailments. But elderly people of modest financial means must essentially choose among ailments because our federal health-insurance program for the elderly does not cover prescription drugs. Thus, to promote health among our elderly citizens the federal government should force pharmaceutical companies to lower their prices for these new drugs. Each of the following, if true, weak- ens the conclusion above EXCEPT: (A) If forced to reduce their prices for the new drugs, pharmaceutical companies could not afford to develop drugs for the preven- tion of more new ailments. (B) The new drugs prevent not only new types of ailments but also ailments already common among elderly people. (C) Other new drugs are available to treat, but not prevent, the same new ailments. (D) None of the new drugs has been shown to prolong an elderly person’s life. (E) The federal health insurance program for the elderly covers all medical expenses of the elderly other than prescription drugs. 23. This county’s current dumping ordinance, which requires that all refuse be hauled at least ten miles outside the city limits for dumping, should be repealed in the interest of public health. The purpose of the ordinance in the first place was to prevent the spread of Smith’s Disease, which has been found to be most prevalent in regions near outdoor dumps. But the county funds used to maintain the roads to the dumping sites have been diverted from a proposed countywide education program for Smith’s Disease awareness, which would have been more effective than the dumping ordinance in preventing the disease. Which of the following, if true, would best support the assertion that the dumping ordinance should be repealed? (A) The geographic area within the city limits is more heavily populated than the area outside the city limits. (B) Treating Smith’s Disease is more expensive on average than preventing it in the first place. (C) The roads to the dumping sites are of no practical use other than for transport between the city limits and the dumping sites. (D) The proposed education program would have been available to all county residents. (E) The most effective means of preventing Smith’s disease is an expensive vaccine that is not readily available. 532 PART VI: Five Practice Tests www.petersons.com . question.) This question presents a sentence, all or part of which is underlined. Beneath the sentence you will find five ways of phrasing the underlined part. The first of these repeats the original;. she applies, whether or not that person actually participates in the internship program. However, only this year’s Faimount College graduates are eligible to participate in the internship program. If. 48 (E) 64 practice test Practice Test 4 523 www.petersons.com 34. What is the fifth number in a particular series of numbers, if the tenth number in the series is 450? (1) The ninth number in