Chapter 2: Understanding and Avoiding Security Risks
Identifying the Sources of Risk
Minimizing User-Input Risks
Not Revealing Sensitive Information
Summary
Chapter 3: PHP Best Practices
Best Practices for Naming Variables and Functions
Best Practices for Function/Method
Best Practices for Database
Best Practices for User Interface
Best Practices for Documentation
Best Practices for Web Security
Best Practices for Source Configuration Management
Summary
Part II
Chapter 4: Architecture of an Intranet Application
Understanding Intranet Requirements
Building an Intranet Application Framework
Creating a Database Abstraction Class
Creating an Error Handler Class
Creating a Built-In Debugger Class
Creating an Abstract Application Class
Creating a Sample Application
Summary
Chapter 5: Central Authentication System
How the System Works
Creating an Authentication Class
Creating the Central Login Application
Creating the Central Logout Application
Creating the Central Authentication Database
Testing Central Login and Logout
Making Persistent Logins in Web Server Farms
Summary
Chapter 6: Central User Management System
Identifying the Functionality Requirements
Creating a User Class
User Interface Templates
Creating a User Administration Application
Creating a User Password Application
Creating a Forgotten-Password Recovery Application
Summary
Chapter 7: Intranet System
Identifying Functionality Requirements
Designing the Database
Designing and Implementing the Intranet Classes
Setting Up Application Configuration Files
Setting Up the Application Templates
Intranet Home Application
Installing Intranet Applications from the CD- ROM
Testing the Intranet Home Application
Summary
Chapter 8: Intranet Simple Document Publisher
Identifying the Functionality Requirements
The Prerequisites
Designing the Database
The Intranet Document Application Classes
Setting up Application Configuration Files
Setting Up the Application Templates
The Document Publisher Application
Installing Intranet Document Application
Testing Intranet Document Application
Summary
Chapter 9: Intranet Contact Manager
Functionality Requirements
Understanding Prerequisites
The Database
The Intranet Contact Manager Application Classes
The Application Configuration Files
The Application Templates
The Contact Category Manager Application
The Contact Manager Application
Installing Intranet Contract Manager
Testing Contract Manager
Summary
Chapter 10: Intranet Calendar Manager
Identifying Functionality Requirements
Understanding Prerequisites
Designing the Database
The Intranet Calendar Application Event Class
The Application Configuration Files
The Application Templates
The Calendar Manager Application
The Calendar Event Manager Application
Installing the Event Calendar on Your Intranet
Testing the Event Calendar
Summary
Chapter 11: Internet Resource Manager
Functionality Requirements
Understanding the Prerequisites
Designing the Database
Designing and Implementing the Internet Resource Manager Application Classes
Creating Application Configuration Files
Creating Application Templates
Creating a Category Manager Application
Creating a Resource Manager Application
Creating a Resource Tracking Application
Creating a Search Manager Application
Installing an IRM on Your Intranet
Testing IRM
Security Concerns
Summary
Chapter 12: Online Help System
Functionality Requirements
Understanding the Prerequisites
Designing and Implementing the Help Application Classes
Creating Application Configuration Files
Creating Application Templates
Creating the Help Indexing Application
Creating the Help Application
Installing Help Applications
Testing the Help System
Security Considerations
Summary
Part III
Chapter 13: Tell-a-Friend System
Functionality Requirements
Understanding Prerequisites
Designing the Database
Designing and Implementing the Tell- a- Friend Application Classes
Creating Application Configuration Files
Creating Application Templates
Creating the Tell-a-Friend Main Menu Manager Application
Creating a Tell-a-Friend Form Manager Application
Creating a Tell-a-Friend Message Manager Application
Creating a Tell-a-Friend Form Processor Application
Creating a Tell-a-Friend Subscriber Application
Creating a Tell-a-Friend Reporter Application
Installing a Tell-a-Friend System
Testing the Tell-a-Friend System
Security Considerations
Summary
Chapter 14: E-mail Survey System
Functionality Requirements
Architecture of the Survey System
Designing the Database
Designing and Implementing the Survey Classes
Designing and Implementing the Survey Applications
Developing Survey Execution Manager
Setting Up the Central Survey Configuration File
Setting Up the Interface Template Files
Testing the Survey System
Security Considerations
Summary
Chapter 15: E-campaign System
Features of an E-campaign System
Architecting an E-campaign System
Designing an E-campaign Database
Understanding Customer Database Requirements
Designing E-campaign Classes
Creating Common Configuration and Resource Files
Creating Interface Template Files
Creating an E-campaign User Interface Application
Creating a List Manager Application
Creating a URL Manager Application
Creating a Message Manager Application
Creating a Campaign Manager Application
Creating a Campaign Execution Application
Creating a URL Tracking and Redirection Application
Creating an Unsubscription Tracking Application
Creating a Campaign Reporting Application
Testing the E-Campaign System
Security Considerations
Summary
Part IV
Chapter 16: Command-Line PHP Utilities
Working with the Command-Line Interpreter
Building a Simple Reminder Tool
Building a Geo Location Finder Tool for IP
Building a Hard Disk Usage Monitoring Utility
Building a CPU Load Monitoring Utility
Summary
Chapter 17: Apache Virtual Host Maker
Understanding an Apache Virtual Host
Defining Configuration Tasks
Creating a Configuration Script
Developing makesite
Installing makesite on Your System
Testing makesite
Summary
Chapter 18: BIND Domain Manager
Features of makezone
Creating the Configuration File
Understanding makezone
Installing makezone
Testing makezone
Summary
Part V
Chapter 19: Web Forms Manager
Functionality Requirements
Understanding Prerequisites
Designing the Database
Designing and Implementing the Web Forms Manager Application Classes
Creating the Application Configuration Files
Creating Application Templates
Creating the Web Forms Submission Manager Application
Creating the Web Forms Reporter Application
Creating the CSV Data Exporter Application
Installing the Web Forms Manager
Testing the Web Forms Manager
Security Considerations
Summary
Chapter 20: Web Site Tools
Functionality Requirements
Understanding Prerequisites
Designing the Database
Designing and Implementing the Voting Tool Application Class
Creating the Application Configuration Files
Creating the Application Templates
Creating the Vote Application
Installing the Voting Tool
Testing the Voting Tool
Summary
Part VI
Chapter 21: Speeding Up PHP Applications
Benchmarking Your PHP Application
Buffering Your PHP Application Output
Compressing Your PHP Application Output
Caching Your PHP Applications
Summary
Chapter 22: Securing PHP Applications
Controlling Access to Your PHP Applications
Securely Uploading Files
Using Safe Database Access
Recommended php.ini Settings for a Production Environment
Limiting File System Access for PHP Scripts
Running PHP Applications in Safe Mode
Summary
Part VII
Appendix A: What's on the CD-ROM
System Requirements
What's on the CD
Troubleshooting
Appendix B: PHP Primer
Object-Oriented PHP
Appendix C: MySQL Primer
Using MySQL from the Command- Line
Using phpMyAdmin to Manage MySQL Database
Appendix D: Linux Primer
Installing and Configuring Apache 2.0
Installing and Configuring MySQL Server
Installing and Configuring PHP for Apache 2.0
Common File/Directory Commands
Index
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Now suppose we want to create another application that deals with PocketPCs. Because PocketPCs are really PDAs with specific operating system (Windows CE) requirements, we can easily inherit the PDA class and define a new class called PocketPC as follows: <?php require_once ‘class.PDA.php’; class PocketPC extends PDA { function printSpec($type = null) { echo “CPU : “ . $this->getCPU() . “<br>”; echo “RAM : “ . $this->getRAM() . “<br>”; echo “TYPE : “ . $this->getType() . “<br>”; echo “Windows CE Only System <br>”; } } ?> In the preceding example, we have extended PDA and overridden the printSpec() method, as we want to print the fact that PocketPCs only run the Windows CE operating system. Therefore, an application such as the following can use this class: <?php require_once ‘class.PocketPC.php’; $info[‘CPU’] = ‘StrongArm 400 Mhz’; $info[‘RAM’] = ‘512 GB’; $info[‘TYPE’] = ‘PDA’; $myGizmo = new PocketPC($info); $myGizmo->printSpec(); ?> Appendix B: PHP Primer 761 32 549669 AppB.qxd 4/4/03 9:28 AM Page 761 This will output the following: CPU : StrongArm 400 Mhz RAM : 512 GB TYPE : PDA Windows CE Only System The classes discussed so far clearly show the power of OOP. Notice how we over- ride the PDA’s printSpec() method in the PocketPC class, but retain all the other benefits of the PDA, which happens to be a Computer object. 762 Part VII: Appendixes 32 549669 AppB.qxd 4/4/03 9:28 AM Page 762 Appendix C MySQL Primer MYSQL IS THE MOST POPULAR open-source database in the world. Its popularity stems from the following: ◆ MySQL is free as long as you don’t sell it to someone, sell a product that is bundled with it, or install and maintain it at a client site. If you’re in doubt about whether you fit within the license parameters, please see the Web site at http://www.mysql.com/. ◆ MySQL supports many programming interfaces, including PHP, C, C++, Java, Perl, and Python. The possibilities it offers to tailor programs to fit your needs are virtually limitless. ◆ MySQL uses very fast methods of relating tables of information to one another. Using a method called a one-sweep multijoin, MySQL is very effi- cient at gathering the information you request from many different tables at once. ◆ MySQL is widely used. Chances are good that many other people have done something similar to what you are doing. If you have questions or problems, you have a wide group of people to consult. Not only can you get advice from others about what to do, you can also get valuable infor- mation about what not to do. This prevents you from making the same mistakes others have made. MySQL is available all over the Internet. The best way to get MySQL is to go to http://www.mysql.com/ and find a mirror site close to you. You can find out how to install MySQL on a Linux platform in Appendix D. 763 33 549669 AppC.qxd 4/4/03 9:28 AM Page 763 Using MySQL from the Command-Line You can start the MySQL client program by typing the following: mysql -u username -p In this example, username is the username you are using to access the SQL server. If a password is required, you are prompted for it. You should now see some- thing like the following: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 143 to server version: 3.23.52 Type ‘help;’ or ‘\h’ for help. Type ‘\c’ to clear the buffer. mysql> Creating a database When you install MySQL, you have no data. In fact, you don’t even have a database defined, other than the ones provided by MySQL itself. In this section, we will cre- ate a database called store. The syntax for this, at the mysql> prompt is simply create database store; You should get a response similar to the following: Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec) This generic response indicates that your command has executed. You can con- firm this by issuing the following command: show databases; Your rights to create, change, or delete databases depends on your account and the rights associated with it. If you have root access you can (of course) do just about anything, including set parameters for other accounts. This chapter assumes that you have enough access to create and change data- bases. If you do have root access to MySQL, be sure to set/change the root password after installing MySQL! 764 Part VII: Appendixes 33 549669 AppC.qxd 4/4/03 9:28 AM Page 764 If this is the first database you create, you see the following: + + | Database | + + | mysql | | test | | store | + + 1 row in set (0.00 sec) Make sure you terminate each SQL query with a semicolon. Without a semi- colon terminator, you will see another prompt line and your query will not be executed. There it is. You now have a database named store that contains no data. Now it is up to you to create the tables that store the data. You need to define not only the names of all the columns, but also the types of data they store. Begin by identify- ing the database you’re going to use by issuing the following command: Use store; Then issue the following command to make the first table: create table customers ( id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, name CHAR(40) NOT NULL, address CHAR(80), telephone CHAR(13)); Let’s examine each of these lines to see what it does, beginning with the first: id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, This line is the meat of the table. In it, you are creating a column named id that holds whole numbers (int stands for integer). Additionally, this column is the pri- mary key. A primary key provides a convenient element to access the data in an orderly fashion. For example, in our database the records will be stored with unique integers as their primary key. Later, to access a record you could use a query to specify what record(s) to return by using that key. Searching for matches with a pri- mary key is significantly faster than other fields. Appendix C: MySQL Primer 765 33 549669 AppC.qxd 4/4/03 9:28 AM Page 765 . easily inherit the PDA class and define a new class called PocketPC as follows: < ?php require_once ‘class.PDA .php ; class PocketPC extends PDA { function printSpec($type = null) { echo “CPU :. system. Therefore, an application such as the following can use this class: < ?php require_once ‘class.PocketPC .php ; $info[‘CPU’] = ‘StrongArm 400 Mhz’; $info[‘RAM’] = ‘512 GB’; $info[‘TYPE’]. GB’; $info[‘TYPE’] = ‘PDA’; $myGizmo = new PocketPC($info); $myGizmo->printSpec(); ?> Appendix B: PHP Primer 761 32 549669 AppB.qxd 4/4/03 9:28 AM Page 761 This will output the following: CPU :