Chapter 2: Understanding and Avoiding Security Risks
Identifying the Sources of Risk
Minimizing User-Input Risks
Not Revealing Sensitive Information
Summary
Chapter 3: PHP Best Practices
Best Practices for Naming Variables and Functions
Best Practices for Function/Method
Best Practices for Database
Best Practices for User Interface
Best Practices for Documentation
Best Practices for Web Security
Best Practices for Source Configuration Management
Summary
Part II
Chapter 4: Architecture of an Intranet Application
Understanding Intranet Requirements
Building an Intranet Application Framework
Creating a Database Abstraction Class
Creating an Error Handler Class
Creating a Built-In Debugger Class
Creating an Abstract Application Class
Creating a Sample Application
Summary
Chapter 5: Central Authentication System
How the System Works
Creating an Authentication Class
Creating the Central Login Application
Creating the Central Logout Application
Creating the Central Authentication Database
Testing Central Login and Logout
Making Persistent Logins in Web Server Farms
Summary
Chapter 6: Central User Management System
Identifying the Functionality Requirements
Creating a User Class
User Interface Templates
Creating a User Administration Application
Creating a User Password Application
Creating a Forgotten-Password Recovery Application
Summary
Chapter 7: Intranet System
Identifying Functionality Requirements
Designing the Database
Designing and Implementing the Intranet Classes
Setting Up Application Configuration Files
Setting Up the Application Templates
Intranet Home Application
Installing Intranet Applications from the CD- ROM
Testing the Intranet Home Application
Summary
Chapter 8: Intranet Simple Document Publisher
Identifying the Functionality Requirements
The Prerequisites
Designing the Database
The Intranet Document Application Classes
Setting up Application Configuration Files
Setting Up the Application Templates
The Document Publisher Application
Installing Intranet Document Application
Testing Intranet Document Application
Summary
Chapter 9: Intranet Contact Manager
Functionality Requirements
Understanding Prerequisites
The Database
The Intranet Contact Manager Application Classes
The Application Configuration Files
The Application Templates
The Contact Category Manager Application
The Contact Manager Application
Installing Intranet Contract Manager
Testing Contract Manager
Summary
Chapter 10: Intranet Calendar Manager
Identifying Functionality Requirements
Understanding Prerequisites
Designing the Database
The Intranet Calendar Application Event Class
The Application Configuration Files
The Application Templates
The Calendar Manager Application
The Calendar Event Manager Application
Installing the Event Calendar on Your Intranet
Testing the Event Calendar
Summary
Chapter 11: Internet Resource Manager
Functionality Requirements
Understanding the Prerequisites
Designing the Database
Designing and Implementing the Internet Resource Manager Application Classes
Creating Application Configuration Files
Creating Application Templates
Creating a Category Manager Application
Creating a Resource Manager Application
Creating a Resource Tracking Application
Creating a Search Manager Application
Installing an IRM on Your Intranet
Testing IRM
Security Concerns
Summary
Chapter 12: Online Help System
Functionality Requirements
Understanding the Prerequisites
Designing and Implementing the Help Application Classes
Creating Application Configuration Files
Creating Application Templates
Creating the Help Indexing Application
Creating the Help Application
Installing Help Applications
Testing the Help System
Security Considerations
Summary
Part III
Chapter 13: Tell-a-Friend System
Functionality Requirements
Understanding Prerequisites
Designing the Database
Designing and Implementing the Tell- a- Friend Application Classes
Creating Application Configuration Files
Creating Application Templates
Creating the Tell-a-Friend Main Menu Manager Application
Creating a Tell-a-Friend Form Manager Application
Creating a Tell-a-Friend Message Manager Application
Creating a Tell-a-Friend Form Processor Application
Creating a Tell-a-Friend Subscriber Application
Creating a Tell-a-Friend Reporter Application
Installing a Tell-a-Friend System
Testing the Tell-a-Friend System
Security Considerations
Summary
Chapter 14: E-mail Survey System
Functionality Requirements
Architecture of the Survey System
Designing the Database
Designing and Implementing the Survey Classes
Designing and Implementing the Survey Applications
Developing Survey Execution Manager
Setting Up the Central Survey Configuration File
Setting Up the Interface Template Files
Testing the Survey System
Security Considerations
Summary
Chapter 15: E-campaign System
Features of an E-campaign System
Architecting an E-campaign System
Designing an E-campaign Database
Understanding Customer Database Requirements
Designing E-campaign Classes
Creating Common Configuration and Resource Files
Creating Interface Template Files
Creating an E-campaign User Interface Application
Creating a List Manager Application
Creating a URL Manager Application
Creating a Message Manager Application
Creating a Campaign Manager Application
Creating a Campaign Execution Application
Creating a URL Tracking and Redirection Application
Creating an Unsubscription Tracking Application
Creating a Campaign Reporting Application
Testing the E-Campaign System
Security Considerations
Summary
Part IV
Chapter 16: Command-Line PHP Utilities
Working with the Command-Line Interpreter
Building a Simple Reminder Tool
Building a Geo Location Finder Tool for IP
Building a Hard Disk Usage Monitoring Utility
Building a CPU Load Monitoring Utility
Summary
Chapter 17: Apache Virtual Host Maker
Understanding an Apache Virtual Host
Defining Configuration Tasks
Creating a Configuration Script
Developing makesite
Installing makesite on Your System
Testing makesite
Summary
Chapter 18: BIND Domain Manager
Features of makezone
Creating the Configuration File
Understanding makezone
Installing makezone
Testing makezone
Summary
Part V
Chapter 19: Web Forms Manager
Functionality Requirements
Understanding Prerequisites
Designing the Database
Designing and Implementing the Web Forms Manager Application Classes
Creating the Application Configuration Files
Creating Application Templates
Creating the Web Forms Submission Manager Application
Creating the Web Forms Reporter Application
Creating the CSV Data Exporter Application
Installing the Web Forms Manager
Testing the Web Forms Manager
Security Considerations
Summary
Chapter 20: Web Site Tools
Functionality Requirements
Understanding Prerequisites
Designing the Database
Designing and Implementing the Voting Tool Application Class
Creating the Application Configuration Files
Creating the Application Templates
Creating the Vote Application
Installing the Voting Tool
Testing the Voting Tool
Summary
Part VI
Chapter 21: Speeding Up PHP Applications
Benchmarking Your PHP Application
Buffering Your PHP Application Output
Compressing Your PHP Application Output
Caching Your PHP Applications
Summary
Chapter 22: Securing PHP Applications
Controlling Access to Your PHP Applications
Securely Uploading Files
Using Safe Database Access
Recommended php.ini Settings for a Production Environment
Limiting File System Access for PHP Scripts
Running PHP Applications in Safe Mode
Summary
Part VII
Appendix A: What's on the CD-ROM
System Requirements
What's on the CD
Troubleshooting
Appendix B: PHP Primer
Object-Oriented PHP
Appendix C: MySQL Primer
Using MySQL from the Command- Line
Using phpMyAdmin to Manage MySQL Database
Appendix D: Linux Primer
Installing and Configuring Apache 2.0
Installing and Configuring MySQL Server
Installing and Configuring PHP for Apache 2.0
Common File/Directory Commands
Index
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■ Uses the logUserIn() method of the $analyzer object to log in the user. ■ Calls the reportDriver() method to render the updated access report. ◆ authorize(): This method authorizes access to this application. It works as follows: ■ It checks the current user ID using the getUID() method. Because all valid user IDs are positive numbers, it creates the DBI object called $user_dbi that points to the central user-authentication database (USER_DB_URL). ■ A user object called $userObj is created using the $user_dbi and the current user ID. ■ The getType() method is called to determine the user type of the cur- rent user. If the current user is of type administrator (ADMIN_TYPE), the $isAdmin variable is set to TRUE. ■ This method always returns TRUE, because everyone on the intranet can view this application. ◆ reportDriver(): This method generates and displays the user-access report. It works as follows: ■ Generates the appropriate report. For example, if the report type ($rpt) is a weekly report, the generateWeeklyReport() method is called to generate the weekly report. ■ Displays the report using the displayReport(). ◆ generateDailyReport(): This method generates the access report of a user for a specific day. This method works as follows: ■ If the user viewing the page has administrator privileges, this method shows her the admin block that includes a list of users from which she can select any user’s daily report. This block also includes a link to the overall summary report and the buttons for force login and force logout. ■ It finds out the timestamp of the day to be shown. Because the user has the option to scroll through the days by using the >> and << buttons, this timestamp is not always the current day. ■ It finds out the starting and ending timestamps of the given day and uses the ActivityAnalyzer object to retrieve the office hours and the extra hours for the day for that user. ■ It returns the formatted information that includes the date, the day, the start time, the end time, the total office hours, and the total extra hours. It also includes a brief summary with totals and averages. Chapter 7: Intranet System 231 10 549669 ch07.qxd 4/4/03 9:25 AM Page 231 ◆ generateWeeklyReport(): This method generates an access report of a user for a specific week. This method works as follows: ■ If the user viewing the page has administrator privileges, this method shows her the admin block that includes a list of users from which she can select any user’s daily report. The block includes a link to the over- all summary report and the buttons for force login and force logout. ■ It finds out the timestamp of the week to be shown. Because the user has the option to scroll through the weeks by using the >> and << but- tons, this timestamp is not always the current week. ■ It finds out the starting and ending timestamps of the given week and uses the ActivityAnalyzer object to retrieve the office hours and the extra hours for each day of the given week for that user. ■ It returns the formatted information that includes the date, the day, the start time, the end time, the total office hours, and the total extra hours, as well as a brief summary with totals and averages. ◆ generateMonthlyReport(): This method generates an access report of a user for a specific month. This method works as follows: ■ If the user viewing the page has administrator privileges, this method shows him the admin block that includes a list of users from which he can select any user’s monthly report. This includes a link to the overall summary report and the buttons for force login and force logout. ■ It finds out the timestamp of the month to be shown. As the user has the option to scroll through the months by using the >> and << but- tons, this timestamp is not always the current month. ■ It finds out the starting and ending timestamps of the given month and uses the ActivityAnalyzer object to retrieve the office hours and the extra hours for each day of the given month for that user. ■ It returns the formatted information that includes the date, the day, the start time, the end time, the total office hours, and the total extra hours and includes a brief summary with totals and averages. ◆ displayReport(): This method displays user-access reports. It works as follows: ■ It uses the Theme class to find out the preferred theme for this user. ■ It creates a new ThemeTemplate object called $themetemplate and loads the preferred theme template. ■ The content block of the $themeTemplate is loaded with $report, which is passed to this method as a parameter. ■ It renders the contents of $themeTemplate to the user. 232 Part II: Developing Intranet Solutions 10 549669 ch07.qxd 4/4/03 9:25 AM Page 232 Other methods for this application include those in the following table: Method Description convert() Converts time stamp values as taken from the seconds as input into hours, minutes, and remaining seconds and returns the resultant string. getWeeklyTSRange() Returns the weekly time stamp range for a given day, in an array containing the starting and ending time stamps of the week with any time stamp as input. getMonthlyTSRange() Returns the monthly time stamp range for a given day, in an array containing the starting and ending time stamps of the month with any time stamp as input. now() Returns the time stamp corresponding to the current date and time. Admin access reporter application The admin access reporter application, admin_access_reporter.php, shows the overall access report of all the employees/users that can be viewed only by the administrators. It is included on the CD-ROM in the ch07/apps directory. This application has the following methods. ◆ run(): When the application is run, this method is called. It checks whether the user has administrative privileges. If the user does not have administrative privileges, it exits from the application. If the user has administrative privileges, it calls the reportDriver() method. ◆ authorize(): This method authorizes only administrators to view the application. If the user has administrative privileges, it returns TRUE. Otherwise, it returns FALSE. It uses the $userObj object of User class to get the current user type; sets the isAdmin property of the application, depending on the type it finds; and returns the isAdmin property, which identifies whether the user is an administrator. ◆ generateDailyReport(): This method generates an access report of all users for a specific day. This method works as follows: ■ It finds out the timestamp of the day to be shown. Because the user has the option to scroll through the days by using the >> and << buttons, this timestamp is not always the current day. Chapter 7: Intranet System 233 10 549669 ch07.qxd 4/4/03 9:25 AM Page 233 ■ It finds out the starting and ending timestamps of the given day and then uses the ActivityAnalyzer object to retrieve the office hours and the extra hours for the day for all users. ■ It returns the formatted information that includes the user name, total office hours, and total extra hours of all users for that day, as well as a brief summary with totals and averages. ◆ generateWeeklyReport(): This method generates an access report of a user for a specific week. This method works as follows: ■ It finds out the timestamp of the week to be shown. Because the user has the option to scroll through the weeks by using the >> and << but- tons, this timestamp is not always the current week. ■ It finds out the starting and ending timestamps of the given week and uses the ActivityAnalyzer object to retrieve the office hours and the extra hours for each day of the given week for all users. ■ It returns the formatted information that includes the username, total office hours, and total extra hours of all users for that week, as well as a brief summary with totals and averages. ◆ generateMonthlyReport(): This method generates an access report of a user for a specific month. This method works as follows: ■ It finds out the timestamp of the month to be shown. Because the user has the option to scroll through the months by using the >> and << buttons, this timestamp is not always the current month. ■ It finds out the starting and ending timestamps of the given month and uses the ActivityAnalyzer object to retrieve the office hours and the extra hours for each day of the given month for all users. ■ It returns the formatted information that includes the username, total office hours, and total extra hours of all users for that month and a brief summary with totals and averages. ◆ displayReport(): This method is used to display user-access reports. It works as follows: ■ It uses the Theme class to find out the preferred theme for this user. ■ It creates a new ThemeTemplate object called $themeTemplate and loads the preferred theme template. ■ The content block of the $themeTemplate is loaded with $report, which is passed to this method as a parameter. ■ The contents of the $themeTemplate are rendered to the user. 234 Part II: Developing Intranet Solutions 10 549669 ch07.qxd 4/4/03 9:25 AM Page 234 The following tables describes the other methods for this application: Method Description reportDriver() Generates the appropriate report based on the type of report requested. (For example, if report type ( $rpt) is weekly report ( WEEKLY = 2), generateWeeklyReport() is called to generate the report.) It then calls displayReport() to display the report. convert() Converts timestamp values as taken from the seconds as input into hour, minute, and remaining seconds and returns the resultant string. getWeeklyTSRange() Returns the weekly timestamp range for a given day. This method returns an array containing the starting and ending timestamps of the week with any timestamp as input. getMonthlyTSRange() Returns the monthly timestamp range for a given day. This method returns an array containing the starting and ending timestamps of the month with any timestamp as input. now() Returns the timestamp corresponding to the current date and time. toggleSortCriteria() Toggles the sort criteria from ascending to descending and vice-versa. It takes the string ‘reverse’ or null as input and returns the other one of the two as output in an exclusive manner. sortByExtra() Sorts the report by extra hours of the users in descending order. It takes two arrays as parameters and returns 1 if the first one’s extra hour value is less than the other one’s; otherwise, it returns –1. sortByOffice() Sorts the report by office hours of the users in descending order. It takes two arrays as parameters and returns 1 if the first one’s office hour value is less than the other one’s; otherwise, it returns –1. reversesortByExtra() Sorts the extra hours of the users in ascending order. It takes two arrays as parameters and returns –1 if the first one’s extra hour value is less than the other one’s; otherwise, it returns 1. reversesortByOffice() Sorts the office hours of the users in ascending order. It takes two arrays as parameters and returns –1 if the first one’s office hour value is less than the other one’s; otherwise, it returns 1. Chapter 7: Intranet System 235 10 549669 ch07.qxd 4/4/03 9:25 AM Page 235 . time. Admin access reporter application The admin access reporter application, admin_access_reporter .php, shows the overall access report of all the employees/users that can be viewed only by the administrators.