LOCAL ORGANISING COMMITTEE Chairman: Vice-Chairman: Members: C.M. Chan W.T. Chan T.H.T. Chan K.F. Chung J.C.L. Ho W.M.G. Ho C.M. Koon M.K.Y. Kwok S.S. Lam J.C.W. Lau Y.W. Mak A.D.E. Pan A.K. Soh K.Y. Wong Y.L. Wong Y.L. Xu L.H. Yam S. L. Chan The Hong Kong Polytechnic University J.G. Teng The Hong Kong Polytechnic University The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Buildings Department, HKSAR Government The Hong Kong Polytechnic University The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Scott Wilson (Hong Kong) Ltd. Ove Amp and Partners (HK) Ltd. Buildings Department, HKSAR Government Ore Amp and Partners (HK) Ltd. The Hong Kong Polytechnic University James Lau & Associates Ltd. Housing Department, HKSAR Government The University of Hong Kong The University of Hong Kong Highways Department, HKSAR Government The Hong Kong Polytechnic University The Hong Kong Polytechnic University The Hong Kong Polytechnic University CONTENTS VOLUME I Preface International Scientific Committee vii Local Advisory Committee Local Organising Committee Keynote Papers Unbraced Composite Frames: Application of the Wind Moment Method D.A. Nethercot and J.S. Hensman A Cumulative Damage Model for the Analysis of Steel Frames under Seismic Actions Z Y. Shen 13 Recent Research and Design Developments in Cold-Formed Open Section and Tubular Members G.J. Hancock 25 Behaviour of Highly Redundant Multi-Storey Buildings under Compartment Fires J.M. Rotter 39 Design Formulas for Stability Analysis of Reticulated Shells S.Z. Shen 51 Ductility Issues in Thin-Walled Steel Structures T. Usami, Y. Zheng and H.B. Ge 63 High-Performance Steel Structures: Recent Research L.W. Lu, R. Sause and J.M. Ricles 75 A Unified Principle of Multiples for Lateral Deflection, Buckling and Vibration of Multi-Storey, Multi-Bay, Sway Frames W.P. Howson and F.W. Williams 87 Beams and Columns Three-Dimensional Hysteretic Modeling of Thin-Walled Circular Steel Columns L. Jiang and Y. Goto 101 xi xii Contents Local Buckling of Thin-Walled Polygonal Columns Subjected to Axial Compression or Bending J.G. Teng, S.T. Smith and L. Y. Ngok Ultimate Load Capacity of Columns Strengthened under Preload H. Unterweger Chaotic Belt Phenomena in Nonlinear Elastic Beam Z. Nianmei, Y. Guitong and X. Bingye Frames and Trusses 109 117 125 Investigation of Rotational Characteristics of Column Bases of Steel Portal Frames T.C.H. Liu and L.J. Morris 135 Ultimate Strength of Semi-Rigid Frames under Non-Proportional Loads B.H.M. Chan, L.X. Fang and S.L. Chan Second-Order Plastic Analysis of Steel Frames P. P T. Chui and S L. Chan Study on the Behaviour of a New Light-Weight Steel Roof Truss P. Ma'keldinen and O. Kaitila 145 151 159 A Proposal of Generalized Plastic Hinge Model for the Collapse Behavior of Steel Frames Governed by Local Buckling S. Motoyui and T. Ohtsuka Advanced Inelastic Analysis of Spatial Structures J.Y.R. Liew, H. Chen and L.K. Tang Stability Analysis of Multistory Framework under Uniformly Distributed Load C. Haojun and W. Jiqing Space Structures Studies on the Methods of Stability Function and Finite Element for Second-Order Analysis of Framed Structures S.L. Chan and J.X. Gu 167 175 183 193 Dynamic Stability of Single Layer Reticulated Dome under Step Load C. Wang and S. Shen Experimental Study on Full-Sized Models of Arched Corrugated Metal Roof L. Xiliang, Z. Yong and Z. Fuhai Quasi-Tensegric Systems and Its Applications L. Yuxin and L. Zhitao 201 209 217 Connections The Design of Pins in Steel Structures R.Q. Bridge 229 Contents xiii Finite Element Modelling of Eight-Bolt Rectangular Hollow Section Bolted Moment End Plate Connections A.T. Wheeler, M.J. Clarke and G.J. Hancock Finite Element Modelling of Double Bolted Connections Between Cold-Formed Steel Strips under Static Shear Loading K.F. Chung and K.H. Ip Analytical Model for Eight-Bolt Rectangular Hollow Section Bolted Moment End Plate Connections A.T. Wheeler, M.J. Clarke and G.J. Hancock Predictions of Rotation Capacity of RHS Beams Using Finite Element Analysis T. Wilkinson and G.J. Hancock 237 245 253 261 Failure Modes of Bolted Cold-Formed Steel Connections under Static Shear Loading K.H. Ip and K.F. Chung Design Moment Resistance of End Plate Connections Y. Shi and J. Jing Threaded Bar Compression Stiffening for Moment Connections T.F. Nip and J.O. Surtees Experimental Study of Steel I-Beam to CFT Column Connections S.P. Chiew and C.W. Dai 269 277 283 291 Behaviour of T-End Plate Connections to RHS Part I: Experimental Investigation M. Saidani, M.R. Omair and J.N. Karadelis The Behaviour of T-End Plate Connections to SHS. Part II: A Numerical Model J.N. Karadelis, M. Saidani and M. Omair Cyclic Behaviour of Beam-To-Column Welded Connections E. Mele, L. Calado and A. De Luca Advanced Methods for Modelling Hysteretic Behaviour of Semi-Rigid Joints Y.Q. Ni, J.Y. Wang and J.M. Ko 305 313 323 331 Cold-Formed Steel Behaviour and Design of Cold-Formed Channel Columns B. Young and K.J.R. Rasmussen Section Moment Capacity of Cold-Formed Unlipped Channels B. Young and G.J. Hancock Web Crippling Tests of High Strength Cold-Formed Channels B. Young and G.J. Hancock Local and Distortional Buckling of Perforated Steel Wall Studs J. Kesti and J.M. Davies 341 349 357 367 xiv Contents An Experimental Investigation into Cold-Formed Channel Sections in Bending V. Enjily, M.H.R. Godley and R.G. Beale 375 Composite Construction Flexural Strength for Negative Bending and Vertical Shear Strength of Composite Steel Slag-Concrete Beams Q L. Wang, Q L. Kang and P Z. Cao 385 Concrete-Filled Steel Tubes as Coupling Beams for RC Shear Walls J.G. Teng, J.F. Chen and Y.C. Lee 391 Experimental Study of High Strength Concrete Filled Circular Steel Columns Y.C. Wang 401 Strength and Ductility of Hollow Circular Steel Columns Filled with Fibre Reinforced Concrete G. Campione, N. Scibilia and G. Zingone 413 Axial Compressive Strength of Steel and Composite Columns Fabricated with High Strength Steel Plate B. Uy 421 Concrete Filled Cold-Formed C450 RHS Columns Subjected to Cyclic Axial Loading X.L. Zhao, R.H. Grzebieta, P. Wong and C. Lee 429 Research on the Hysteretic Behavior of High Strength Concrete Filled Steel Tubular Members under Compression and Bending Z. Wang and Y. Zhen 437 Design of Composite Columns of Arbitrary Cross-Section Subject to Biaxial Bending S.F. Chen, J.G. Teng and S.L. Chan 443 Effects of Loading Conditions on Behaviour of Semi-Rigid Beam-to-Column Composite Connections Y.L. Wong, J.Y. Wang and S.L. Chan 451 Steel-Concrete Composite Construction with Precast Concrete Hollow Core Floor D. Lam, K.S. Elliott and D.A. Nethercot 459 Testing and Numerical Modelling of Bi-Steel Plate Subject to Push-Out Loading S.K. Clubley and R.Y. Xiao 467 Rectangular Two-Way RC Slabs Bonded with a Steel Plate J.W. Zhang, J.G. Teng and Y.L. Wong 477 Bridges Structural Performance Measurements and Design Parameter Validation for Tsing Ma Suspension Bridge C.K. Lau, W.P. Mak, K.Y. Wong, W.Y. Chan, K.L. Man and K.F. Wong 487 Contents Wind Characteristics and Response of Tsing Ma Bridge During Typhoon Victor L.D. Zhu, Y.L. Xu, K.Y. Wong and K. W.Y. Chan Structural Performance Measurement and Design Parameter Validation for Kap Shui Mun Cable-Stayed Bridge C.K. Lau, W.P. Mak, K.Y. Wong, K.L. Man, W.Y. Chan and K.F. Wong Free and Forced Vibration of Large-Diameter Sagged Cables Taking into Account Bending Stiffness Y.Q. Ni, J.M. Ko and G. Zheng Stability Analysis of Curved Cable-Stayed Bridges Y C. Wang, H S. Shu and J. Ermopoulos Expert System of Flexible Parametric Study on Cable-Stayed Bridges with Machine Learning B. Zhou and M. Hoshino Parameter Studies of Moving Force Identification in Laboratory T.H.T. Chan, L. Yu, S.S. Law and T.H. Yung Seismic Analysis of Isolated Steel Highway Bridge X S. Li and Y. Goto Shear Analysis for Asphalt Concrete Deck Pavement of Steel Bridges X. Zha and Q. Xiao VOLUME II Preface International Scientific Committee Local Advisory Committee Local Organising Committee XV 497 505 513 521 529 537 545 553 vii ix Plates Strength and Ductility of Plates in Shear T. Usami, H.B. Ge and M. Amano Post-Buckling of Unilaterally Constrained Mild Steel Plates S.T. Smith, M.A. Bradford and D.J. Oehlers Postbuckling Analysis of Plate with General Initial Imperfection by Finite Strip Method T.H. Lui and S.S.E. Lam Post-Buckling Analysis of Web Plates of Girders by Three Dimensional Degenerated Shell Element Method H. Qinghua, Y. Yue and L. Xiliang 563 571 579 587 xvi Contents Shells Buckling Interaction Strength of Cylindrical Steel Shells under Axial Compression and Torsion H. Schmidt and T. A. Winterstetter 597 Shell Buckling Design of Austenitic Stainless Steel Cylinders under Elevated Temperatures up to 500~ H. Schmidt and K.T. Hautala 605 Cylindrical Shells Buckling under External Pressure Influence of Localized Thickness Variation J.F. Jullien, A. Limam and G. Gusic 613 Stability and Strength of Conical Shells Subject to Axial Load and External Pressure N. Panzeri and C. Poggi 621 The Nonlinear Stability of Semi-Thin Spherical Shell Joints under Uniformly Symmetric Circular Line Loads Y.F. Luo, K.S. Huang and Q.Z. Li The Influence of Circumferential Weld-Induced Imperfections on the Buckling of Silos and Tanks M. Pircher and R. Bridge 631 639 Experimental Techniques for Steel Silo Transition Junctions J.G. Teng and Y. Zhao 647 Buckling Strength of T-Section Ringbeams in Steel Silos J.G. Teng and F. Chan 655 Abnormal Behaviour of a Steel Silo Caused by Paddy Rice Storage M.P. Luong 663 Bifurcation Buckling of Aboveground Oil Storage Tanks under Internal Pressure S. Yoshida 671 Buckling of Cylindrical Shells Subjected to Edge Vertical Deformation M. Jonaidi and P. Ansourian 679 On the Nonlinear Analysis of Shells with Eigenmode-Affine Imperfections J.G. Teng and C.Y. Song 687 Postbuckling Analysis of Shells of Revolution Considering Mode Switching and Interaction T. Hong and J.G. Teng 697 Transition of Plastic Buckling Modes in Cylindrical Shells Y. Goto, C. Zhang and N. Kawanishi 705 Are the Static Postbuckling Predictions Conservative? A. Combescure 713 Contents xvii Plastic Stability of Cylindrical Shells Taking Account of Loading History V.S. Hudramovych 721 Design and Construction Prestressing and Loading Tests on Full-Scale Roof Truss of Shanghai Pudong International Airport Terminal Z. Xiangzhong, C. Yiyi, S. Zuyan, C. Yangji, W. Dasui and Z. Jian Air Mail Centre at Chek Lap Kok P.H. Lam 731 739 Composite Design and Construction of a Tall Building Cheung Kong Center D. Scott, G.W.M. Ho and H. Nuttall 747 The Tallest Building in Mexico City: Torre Mayor, Mexico City, Mexico A. Rahimian and E.M. Romero 755 The Use of Triangular Added Damping and Stiffness (TADAS) Devices in the Design of the Core Pacific City Shopping Centre K.L. Chang, S.J.W. Rees, C. Carroll and K. Clandening Site Measurement of Vibration Characteristics of Shanghai Jin Mao Tower W. Shi, X. Lu and J. Shen 775 783 Design of Steel Scaffolding by Nonlinear Integrated Design and Analysis (NIDA) and the Stability Function A. Y.T. Chu and S.L. Chan 791 Experimental Assessment for Aluminium Alloy Sections in Glass Curtain Walls of Shanghai Jinmao Building L. Tong, Y. Luo, Z. Shen and Y. Wang Dynamics and Seismic Design Transverse Dynamic Characteristic and Seismic Responses of Large-Scale Tall-Pier Aqueduct Y. Li 799 809 Dynamic Characteristic and Seismic Response of Semirigid Jointed Frames W.S. Zhang and Y.L. Xu Nonlinear Seismic Analysis of Flexibly Connected Steel Buildings P. P T. Chui and S L. Chan 815 823 The Response Analysis of the Transversely Stiffening Single Curvature Cable- Suspended Roof to the Fluctuating Wind X. Zhao, X. Liu and Y. Dou 831 Transient Analysis of Stiffened Panel Structure by a Finite Strip-Mode Superposition Method J. Chen 839 xviii Contents Dynamic Performance of Steel Lightweight Floors M.M. Alikhail, X.L. Zhao and L. Koss Coupled Truss Walls with Damped Link Elements A. Rahimian 849 857 Galloping of Cables with Moving Rivulet L.Y. Wang and Y.L. Xu Free Vibration Analysis of Thin-Walled Members with Shell Type Cross Sections M. Ohga, T. Shigematsu and T. Hara A Simple Formulation for Free Vibration of Frame-Shear Wall Tall Building Q. Wang and L. Wang Flexure-Torsion Coupled Vibrations for Tall Building Structures Considering the Effects of Vertical Loads S.H. Bao and S.C. Yi 873 881 889 897 The Computational Time Efficient Finite Element Method for Large Amplitude Vibrations of Composite Plates Y Y. Lee and C F. Ng Determination of Model Order for Thin Steel Plate Systems Using Vibration Test Data Y.Y. Li and L.H. Yam 905 913 Prestressing Study on Tendon Profile on the Analysis and Design of Prestressed Steel Beams G.N. Ronghe and L.M. Gupta Long Term Analysis of Externally Prestressed Composite Beams A.D. Asta, L. Dezi and G. Leoni Flexible Connection Influence on Ultimate Capacity of Externally Prestressed Composite Beams A.D. Asta, L. Dezi and G. Leoni A Fracture Criterion for Prestressing Steel Cracked Wires J. Toribio and M. Toledano 921 931 939 947 Failure Analysis of Prestressing Steel Wires J. Toribio and A. Valiente 955 Fatigue and Fracture Experimental Study on Static and Fatigue Behavior of Steel-Concrete Preflex Prestressed Composite Beams K. Zhang, S. Li and K. Liu Object-Oriented Fatigue Reliability Analysis for the Offshore Steel Jacket C. Wang, Y. Shi and S. Li 965 975 Contents xix Fatigue Strength of Thin-Walled Tube-To-Plate T-Joints under In-Plane Bending F.R. Mashiri, X.L. Zhao and P. Grundy Failure Assessment of Beam-to-Column Steel Joints via Low-Cycle Fatigue Approaches C. Bernuzzi and R. Zandonini 983 991 A Method to Estimate P-S-N Curve for Misaligned Welded Joints G. Deqing Reliability Analysis of Draw Bar of Large-Scale Lock Mitre Gate Z.G. Xu, C.Y. Bian and R.L. Wang 999 1005 Computation of Stress Intensity Factor for Surface Crack in Welded Joint G. Deqing and Y. Yong Numerical Approach to the Ductile Fracture of Steel Members M. Obata, A. Mizutani and Y. Goto 1013 1021 Fire Performance The First Code on Fire Safety of Steel Structures in China G.Q. Li, S.C. Jiang and J.L. He Fire Resistance of Concrete Filled Steel Tubes in China L H. Han 1031 1039 Elevated Temperature Testing of Composite Columns N.L. Patterson, X L. Zhao, M.B. Wong, J. Ghojel and P. Grundy 1047 Full Scale Fire Test on the New UK Slim Floor System C.G. Bailey, T. Lennon and D.B. Moore Mechanical Properties of an Austenitic Stainless Steel at Elevated Temperatures J. Outinen and P. Mdkeldinen 1055 1063 Optimization Optical Design of Steel Frames with Non-Uniform Members A. Mu'ller, F. Werner and P. Osterrieder 1073 Optimal Sizing/Shape Design of Steel Portal Frames Using Genetic Algorithms P. Liu, C M. Chan and Z M. Wang 1081 Study on Optimization of Particular and Multi-Variable Structures by Wavelet Analysis L. Liu, Y. Zhai and H. Lin 1089 Optimal Analysis of Large Span Double-Layer Barrel Vaults L. Shan and H. Yan 1099 . Capacity of RHS Beams Using Finite Element Analysis T. Wilkinson and G.J. Hancock 23 7 24 5 25 3 26 1 Failure Modes of Bolted Cold-Formed Steel Connections under Static Shear Loading K.H. Ip and. Object-Oriented Fatigue Reliability Analysis for the Offshore Steel Jacket C. Wang, Y. Shi and S. Li 965 975 Contents xix Fatigue Strength of Thin-Walled Tube-To-Plate T-Joints under In- Plane. Ductility Issues in Thin-Walled Steel Structures T. Usami, Y. Zheng and H.B. Ge 63 High-Performance Steel Structures: Recent Research L.W. Lu, R. Sause and J.M. Ricles 75 A Unified Principle of