© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialBSCI 1 BSCI Module 8 Lessons 1 and 2 Explaining IPv6 IPv6 Addressing IPv6 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.BSCI 2 CCNP – BSCI Bachkhoa Networking Academy Học viện mạng Bách Khoa - www.bkacad.com Objectives Explain the need for IPv6 address space. Explain how IPv6 deals with the limitations of IPv4. Describe the features of IPv6 addressing. Describe the structure of IPv6 headers in terms of format and extension headers. Show how an IPv6 address is represented. Describe the three address types used in IPv6. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BSCI Module 8 Lessons 1 and 2 3 Introducing IPv6 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.BSCI 4 CCNP – BSCI Bachkhoa Networking Academy Học viện mạng Bách Khoa - www.bkacad.com Why Do We Need a Larger Address Space? Internet population –Approximately 973 million users in November 2005 –Emerging population and geopolitical and address space Mobile users –PDA, pen-tablet, notepad, and so on –Approximately 20 million in 2004 Mobile phones –Already 1 billion mobile phones delivered by the industry Transportation –1 billion automobiles forecast for 2008 –Internet access in planes – Example: Lufthansa Consumer devices –Sony mandated that all its products be IPv6-enabled by 2005 –Billions of home and industrial appliances © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.BSCI 5 CCNP – BSCI Bachkhoa Networking Academy Học viện mạng Bách Khoa - www.bkacad.com 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 IP Address Allocation History In 1981, IPv4 Protocol was published. In 1985, about 1/16 of the total IPv4 address space was in use. By mid-2001, about 2/3 of the total IPv4 address space was in use. © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.BSCI 6 CCNP – BSCI Bachkhoa Networking Academy Học viện mạng Bách Khoa - www.bkacad.com IPv6 Advanced Features Larger address space Global reachability and flexibility Aggregation Multihoming Autoconfiguration Plug-and-play End to end without NAT Renumbering Simpler header Routing efficiency Performance and forwarding rate scalability No broadcasts No checksums Extension headers Flow labels © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.BSCI 7 CCNP – BSCI Bachkhoa Networking Academy Học viện mạng Bách Khoa - www.bkacad.com IPv6 Advanced Features (Cont.) Mobility and security Mobile IP RFC-compliant IPSec mandatory (or native) for IPv6 Transition richness Dual stack 6to4 tunnels Translation © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.BSCI 8 CCNP – BSCI Bachkhoa Networking Academy Học viện mạng Bách Khoa - www.bkacad.com IPv4 32 bits or 4 bytes long • 4,200,000,000 possible addressable nodes IPv6 128 bits or 16 bytes: four times the bits of IPv4 • 3.4 * 10 38 possible addressable nodes • 340,282,366,920,938,463,374,607,432,768,211,456 • 5 * 10 28 addresses per person Larger Address Space ~ = ~ = ~ = ~ = © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.BSCI 9 CCNP – BSCI Bachkhoa Networking Academy Học viện mạng Bách Khoa - www.bkacad.com Larger Address Space Enables Address Aggregation Aggregation of prefixes announced in the global routing table Efficient and scalable routing Improved bandwidth and functionality for user traffic © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.BSCI 10 CCNP – BSCI Bachkhoa Networking Academy Học viện mạng Bách Khoa - www.bkacad.com Self Check 1. How much of the address space was in use by mid- 2001? 2. How many bits are included in an IPv6 address? 3. How will IPv6 enable smaller routing tables in Internet routers? 4. Why is NAT not a requirement for IPv6? [...]... x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x, where x is a 16 -bit hexadecimal field Leading zeros in a field are optional: 20 31: 0 :13 0F:0:0:9C0:876A :13 0B Successive fields of 0 can be represented as ::, but only once per address Examples: 20 31: 0000 :13 0F:0000:0000:09C0:876A :13 0B 20 31: 0 :13 0f::9c0:876a :13 0b FF 01: 0:0:0:0:0:0 :1 >>> FF 01: :1 0:0:0:0:0:0:0 :1 >>> : :1 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 >>> :: BSCI © 20 08 Cisco Systems, Inc All rights... IPv6 Addressing BSCI Module 8 Lessons 1 and 2 © 20 06 Cisco Systems, Inc All rights reserved Cisco Public 11 CCNP – BSCI Bachkhoa Networking Academy Simple and Efficient Header A simpler and more efficient header means: 64-bit aligned fields and fewer fields Hardware-based, efficient processing Improved routing efficiency and performance Faster forwarding rate with better scalability BSCI © 20 08... from 32 to 12 8 The IPv6 header has 40 octets and is simpler and more efficient than the IPv4 header IPv6 addresses use 16 -bit hexadecimal number fields separated by colons (:) to represent the 12 8-bit addressing format The three types of IPv6 addresses are unicast, multicast, and anycast BSCI © 20 08 Cisco Systems, Inc All rights reserved Học viện mạng Bách Khoa - www.bkacad.com 33 IPv6 BSCI Module. .. www.bkacad.com 12 CCNP – BSCI Bachkhoa Networking Academy MTU Issues Minimum link MTU for IPv6 is 12 80 octets (vs 68 octets for IPv4) –On links with MTU < 12 80, link-specific fragmentation and reassembly must be used Implementations are expected to perform path MTU discovery to send packets bigger than 12 80 BSCI © 20 08 Cisco Systems, Inc All rights reserved Học viện mạng Bách Khoa - www.bkacad.com 13 CCNP... of an address and is used for special purposes BSCI © 20 08 Cisco Systems, Inc All rights reserved Học viện mạng Bách Khoa - www.bkacad.com 30 CCNP – BSCI Bachkhoa Networking Academy Required IPv6 Addresses for Nodes As soon as the node is IPv6-enabled, i t has one linklocal address per interface, one loopback address, and al l -nodes multicast addresses FF 01: :1 and FF 02: :1 BSCI © 20 08 Cisco Systems,... addressing For each unicast and anycast address configured on an interface of a node or router, a corresponding solicited-node multicast address is automatically enabled The solicited-node multicast address is scoped to the local link The solicited-node multicast address consists of the prefix FF 02: :1: FF00:0000 /10 4 and the low-order 24 -bit of the unicast or anycast address BSCI © 20 08 Cisco Systems, Inc... BSCI © 20 08 Cisco Systems, Inc All rights reserved Học viện mạng Bách Khoa - www.bkacad.com 25 CCNP – BSCI Bachkhoa Networking Academy Multicast Assigned Address BSCI © 20 08 Cisco Systems, Inc All rights reserved Học viện mạng Bách Khoa - www.bkacad.com 26 CCNP – BSCI Bachkhoa Networking Academy Solicited-Node Multicast Address The second type of multicast addressing is solicited-node multicast addressing. .. Field in IPv6 © 20 08 Cisco Systems, Inc All rights reserved Học viện mạng Bách Khoa - www.bkacad.com 14 CCNP – BSCI Bachkhoa Networking Academy IPv6 Extension Headers Simpler and more efficient header means: IPv6 has extension headers IPv6 enables faster forwarding rate and end nodes processing BSCI © 20 08 Cisco Systems, Inc All rights reserved Học viện mạng Bách Khoa - www.bkacad.com 15 CCNP – BSCI... www.bkacad.com 31 CCNP – BSCI Bachkhoa Networking Academy Required IPv6 Addresses for Routers BSCI © 20 08 Cisco Systems, Inc All rights reserved Học viện mạng Bách Khoa - www.bkacad.com 32 CCNP – BSCI Bachkhoa Networking Academy Summary IPv6 is a powerful enhancement to IPv4 Features that offer functional improvement include a larger address space, simplified header, and mobility and security IPv6... Khoa - www.bkacad.com 21 CCNP – BSCI Bachkhoa Networking Academy Aggregatable Global Unicast Address Aggregatable global unicast addresses are IPv6 addresses used for the generic IPv6 traffic on the IPv6 Internet Each aggregatable global unicast IPv6 address has three parts as below: BSCI © 20 08 Cisco Systems, Inc All rights reserved Học viện mạng Bách Khoa - www.bkacad.com 22 CCNP – BSCI Bachkhoa . 19 85 19 90 19 95 20 00 20 05 2 010 IP Address Allocation History In 19 81, IPv4 Protocol was published. In 19 85, about 1/ 16 of the total IPv4 address space was in use. By mid -20 01, about 2/ 3 of the. address. Examples: 20 31: 0000 :13 0F:0000:0000:09C0:876A :13 0B 20 31: 0 :13 0f::9c0:876a :13 0b FF 01: 0:0:0:0:0:0 :1 >>> FF 01: :1 0:0:0:0:0:0:0 :1 >>> : :1 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 >>> :: © 20 08 Cisco Systems,. for IPv6? © 20 06 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BSCI Module 8 Lessons 1 and 2 11 Defining IPv6 Addressing © 20 08 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.BSCI 12 CCNP – BSCI