ptg6432687 130 5 Installing a Guest Session on Hyper-V The operating systems that Microsoft supports as guest sessions under Windows 2008 Hyper-V are as follows: . Windows Server 2008 x86 and x64 . Windows Server 2003 SP2 or higher x86 and x64 . Windows 2000 Server with SP4 and Windows 2000 Advanced Server with SP4 . Windows Vista x86 and x64 . Windows XP SP2 or later x86 and x64 . SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 SP1 or later x86 and x64 NOTE When attempting to install an operating system that may not be officially supported by Microsoft, you might find that a network adapter driver, hard drive driver, audio/sound driver, or the like is not supported, and either the operating system will fail to complete the installation or it will appear to install correctly, but the guest session has no sup- port to communicate externally because a network driver was not available to support the guest session. Many times, legacy drivers will work, and a guest image will work fine. Again, however, Microsoft technically only supports the operating systems they state that they support for guest sessions. Installing a Windows-Based Guest Operating System Session Assuming you have a Windows 2008 server with the Hyper-V installed and running, the guest operating system installation is merely walking through the wizard-driven installa- tion process. The Installation Wizard enables the administrator to configure settings for the guest session, and to begin the installation of the guest operating system software itself. A guest session could be a server-based session running something like Windows Server 2003 or Windows Server 2008, or a client-based session running something like Windows XP or Windows Vista. The installation of a non-Windows-based guest operating system like Linux is covered in the section “Installing a Linux-Based Guest Operating System Session” later in this chapter. Gathering the Components Needed for a Windows-Based Guest Session When creating a guest operating system, administrators need to make sure they have all the components required to begin the installation. The components needed are as follows: . Operating system media—A copy of the operating system is required for the instal- lation of the guest image. The media can be either a DVD or an ISO image of the media disc itself. Download at www.wowebook.com ptg6432687 131 Installing a Windows-Based Guest Operating System Session . License key—During the installation of the operating system software, if you are normally prompted to enter in the license key for the operating system, you should have a copy of the license key available. Other things you should do before starting to install a guest operating system on the virtual server system include the following: . Guest session configuration settings—You will be prompted to answer several core guest session configuration setting options, such as how much RAM you want to allocate for the guest session, how much disk space you want to allocate for the guest image, and so on. Either jump ahead to the next section on “Beginning the Installation of the Windows-Based Guest Session” so that you can gather the infor- mation you’ll need to answer the questions you’ll be asked, or be prepared to answer the questions during the installation process. . Host server readiness—If you will be preplanning the answers to the questions that you’ll be asked, make sure that the host system has enough RAM, disk space, and so on to support the addition of your guest session to the virtual server system. If your requirements exceed the physical capacity of the server, stop and add more resources (memory, disk space, and so on) to the server before beginning the installation of the guest operating system. Beginning the Installation of the Windows-Based Guest Session Guest session installation follow the same process whether for Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2008, Windows XP, or Windows Vista. So, the process is covered here just once. Because the process of installing any Windows-based guest operating system is the same, the following procedures are the same for any guest session installation. To begin the process of installing a Windows-based guest operating system, launch the Hyper-V Administration console: 1. Click Start, All Programs, Administrative Tools, and then choose Hyper-V Management for the tool to launch. 2. Click Virtualization Services to see the virtual servers to which you are connected. 3. Click the name of one of the virtual servers listed to see the virtual machines and actions available for the confirmation of the server system. By default, the Hyper-V MMC will have the local virtual server system listed, as shown in Figure 5.1. With the Hyper-V Administration tool up on your screen, you can now begin the process of installing a guest operating system. Launch the guest operating system Installation Wizard by doing the following: 1. From the Actions pane, choose New, Virtual Machine. 2. Click Next to continue past the initial Welcome screen. 3. Give your virtual machine a name that will be descriptive of the virtual guest session you are creating, such as AD Global Catalog Server, or Exchange 2007 Client Access Server 1, or ISA Proxy Server. 5 Download at www.wowebook.com ptg6432687 132 5 Installing a Guest Session on Hyper-V FIGURE 5.1 Virtualization Management Console. 4. If you had set the default virtual machine folder location where guest images are stored, the new image for this virtual machine will be placed in that default folder. However, if you need to select a different location where the image files should be stored, click Create a New Folder for the Virtual Machine Files, and select Browse to choose an existing disk directory or to create a new directory where the image file for this guest session should be stored. Click Next to continue. 5. Enter in the amount of RAM you want allocated to this guest image in megabytes (so 2GB should be 2048), and then click Next. 6. Choose the network segment to which you want this guest image to be initially connected. This would be an internal or external segment created in the “Managing Host Server, Virtual Switch, and Disk Settings” sections of Chapter 6. Click Next. NOTE You can c hoos e N ot Con nect ed duri ng thi s v ir t u al mach ine cre atio n proc e ss and change the network segment option at a later date. 7. The next option allows you to create a new virtual hard disk or use an existing virtual hard disk for the guest image file. Creating a new virtual hard disk creates a VHD disk image in the directory you choose. By default, a dynamic virtual disk image size setting is set to 127GB. The actual file itself will only be the size needed to run the image (potentially 4GB or 8GB to start) and will dynamically grow up to Download at www.wowebook.com ptg6432687 133 Installing a Windows-Based Guest Operating System Session the size noted in this setting. Alternatively, you can choose an existing hard disk image you might have already created (including an older image you might have created in Microsoft Virtual Server 2005), or you can choose to select a hard disk image later. The options for this configuration are shown in Figure 5.2. Click Next to continue. 5 8. The next option, shown in Figure 5.3, allows for the installation of an operating system on the disk image you created in the preceding step. You can choose to install an operating system at a later time, install an operating system from a bootable CD/DVD or ISO image file, install an operating system from a floppy disk image, or install an operating system from a network-based installation server (such as Remote Installation Service [RIS]). Typically, operating system source discs are on either a physical disc or ISO image file, and choosing a CD or DVD or an associated ISO image file will allow for the operating system to be installed on the guest image. Select your option, and then click Next to continue. 9. Review the summary of the options you have selected and either click Previous to go back and make changes or click Finish if the settings you’ve chosen are fine. There is a Start the Virtual Machine Once This Wizard Is Finished check box that you can choose that will launch the guest session and begin the guest session installation process. If you need to make changes to the settings, you would not want to select this option yet—just click Finish so that you can make configuration setting changes and start the installation process after that. FIGURE 5.2 Virtual Hard Disk creation or selection option. Download at www.wowebook.com ptg6432687 134 FIGURE 5.3 Choosing the installation mechanism for the guest session. Completing the Installation of the Windows-Based Guest Session The guest operating system installation will proceed to install just like the process of installing the operating system on a physical system. Typically, at the end of an operating system installation, the guest session restarts and brings the session to a logon prompt. Log on to the guest operating system and configure the guest operating system as you would any other server system. This typically has you do things such as the following: 1. Change the system name to a name that you want the virtual server to be. For many versions of operating systems, you will be prompted to enter the name of the system during the installation process. 2. Configure the guest session with an appropriate IP address. This might be DHCP issued; however, if you are building a server system, a static IP address is typically recommended. 3. Join the system to an Active Directory domain (assuming the system will be part of a managed Active Directory Domain Services environment with centralized administration). 4. Download and apply the latest patches and updates on the guest session to confirm that all patches and updates have been installed and applied to the system. The installation of the guest operating system typically requires yet another reboot, and then the operating system will be installed and operational. 5 Installing a Guest Session on Hyper-V Download at www.wowebook.com ptg6432687 135 Installing a Linux-Based Guest Operating System Session 5 Installing a Linux-Based Guest Operating System Session The installation of a Linux-based guest session is a little different from installing a Windows-based guest session in that the best way to install the Linux-based guest session is to install the Linux integration components at the time of the installation of the operat- ing system. Although it is not imperative that you install the Linux integration compo- nents at the time of installation, if you do install the components at the time of installation, you get better integrated driver support for the guest Linux session. Two of the main components in the Linux integration components are 1. Driver support for network and storage controllers—The Linux integration components include synthetic controller support for network adapters and storage adapters optimized specifically for Hyper-V. These special drivers take advantage of the VMBus in Hyper-V that provides high-speed communications and connectivity of network and storage device guest sessions. 2. Hypercall adapter—In addition, the Linux integration components include a hyper- call adapter layer under the Linux kernel that translates Xen-specific virtualization function calls to Hyper-V hypercalls. This provides additional performance improve- ments for Linux-based guest sessions. Assuming you have a Windows 2008 server with the Hyper-V installed and running, the Linux-based guest operating system installation follows a structured step-by-step installa- tion procedure. The Installation Wizard enables the administrator to configure settings for the guest session and to begin the installation of the guest operating system software itself. Gathering the Components Needed for a Linux-Based Guest Session When creating a guest operating system, administrators need to make sure they have all the components required to begin the installation. The components needed are as follows: . Operating system media—A copy of the operating system is required for the instal- lation of the guest image. The media could be either a DVD or an ISO image of the media disc itself. . License key—During the installation of the operating system software, if you are normally prompted to enter in the license key for the operating system, you should have a copy of the license key available. Other things you should do before starting to install a guest operating system on the virtual server system include the following: . Guest session configuration settings—You will be prompted to answer several core guest session configuration setting options, such as how much RAM you want to allocate for the guest session, how much disk space you want to allocate for the guest image, and so on. Either jump ahead to the next section on “Beginning the Installation of the Linux-Based Guest Session” so that you can gather up the infor- Download at www.wowebook.com ptg6432687 136 5 Installing a Guest Session on Hyper-V mation you’ll need to answer the questions you’ll be asked, or be prepared to answer the questions during the installation process. . Host server readiness—If you will be preplanning the answers to the questions that you’ll be asked, make sure that the host system has enough RAM, disk space, and so on to support the addition of your guest session to the virtual server system. If your requirements exceed the physical capacity of the server, stop and add more resources (memory, disk space, and so on) to the server before beginning the installation of the guest operating system. Beginning the Installation of the Linux-Based Guest Session The installation of the Linux-based guest session uses the following procedures. To begin the process of installing a Linux-based guest operating system, launch the Hyper-V Administration console: 1. Click Start, All Programs, Administrative Tools, and then choose Hyper-V Management for the tool to launch. 2. Click Virtualization Services to see the virtual servers to which you are connected. 3. Click the name of one of the virtual servers listed to see the virtual machines and actions available for the confirmation of the server system. By default, the Hyper-V MMC will have the local virtual server system listed. With the Hyper-V Administration tool up on your screen, you can now begin the process of installing a Linux-based guest operating system. Launch the guest operating system Installation Wizard by doing the following: 1. From the Actions pane, choose New, Virtual Machine. 2. Click Next to continue past the initial Welcome screen. 3. Give your virtual machine a name that will be descriptive of the virtual guest session you are creating, such as Apache Web Server, or SMTP Mailhost, or the like. 4. If you had set the default virtual machine folder location where guest images are stored, the new image for this virtual machine will be placed in that default folder. However, if you need to select a different location where the image files should be stored, click Create a New Folder for the Virtual Machine Files, and select Browse to choose an existing disk directory or to create a new directory where the image file for this guest session should be stored. Click Next to continue. 5. Enter in the amount of RAM you want allocated to this guest image in megabytes (so 2GB should be 2048), and then click Next. 6. Choose the network segment to which you want this guest image to be initially connected. This would be an internal or external segment created the “Managing Host Server, Virtual Switch, and Disk Settings” section of Chapter 6. Click Next. NOTE You can c hoos e N ot Con nect ed duri ng thi s v ir t u al mach ine cre atio n proc e ss and change the network segment option at a later date. Download at www.wowebook.com ptg6432687 137 Installing a Linux-Based Guest Operating System Session 5 7. The next option allows you to create a new virtual hard disk or use an existing virtual hard disk for the guest image file. Creating a new virtual hard disk creates a VHD disk image in the directory you choose. By default, a dynamic virtual disk image size setting is set to 127GB. The actual file itself will only be the size needed to run the image (potentially 4GB or 8GB to start) and will dynamically grow up to the sized noted in this setting. Alternatively, you can choose an existing hard disk image you might have already created (including an older image you might have created in Microsoft Virtual Server 2005), or you can choose to select a hard disk image later. Click Next to continue. 8. The next option allows for the installation of an operating system on the disk image you created in the preceding step. You can choose to install an operating system at a later time, install an operating system from a bootable CD/DVD or ISO image file, install an operating system from a floppy disk image, or install an operating system from a network-based installation server (such as RIS). Typically, operating system source discs are on either a physical disc or ISO image file, and choosing a CD or DVD or an associated ISO image file will allow for the operating system to be installed on the guest image. Select your option, and then click Next to continue. 9. Review the summary of the options you have selected and either click Previous to go back and make changes or click on Finish if the settings you’ve chosen are fine. There is a Start the Virtual Machine Once This Wizard Is Finished check box that you can choose that will launch the guest session and begin the guest session installation process. If you need to make changes to the settings, you would not want to select this option yet—just click Finish so that you can make configuration setting changes and start the installation process after that. Completing the Installation of the Linux-Based Guest Session (x86) The guest operating system installation will proceed to install just like the process of installing the operating system on a physical system. When installing the Linux-based guest session, make sure the development packages include the compilers necessary to install the Linux integration components. Typically, at the end of an operating system installation, the guest session restarts and brings the session to a logon prompt. Log on to the guest operating system and configure the guest operating system as you would any other server system. From a command prompt, mount the Linux integration components media to gain access to the files on the media to complete the installation of the files. The installation process is as follows: 1. Run the rpm command to install the kernel drivers. Check the actual name of the RPM file of the installation media you are using as the version will likely vary based on when you downloaded the Linux integration components. However, for this example, the RPM filename is kernel-xen-2.6.16.46-0.12.i586.rpm for the x86 version. Therefore, run the following command: $ rpm –ivh /mnt/cdrom/suse/i586/kernel-xen-2.6.16.46-0.12.i586.rpm 2. Dismount the Linux integration tools media and mount the LinuxIC.iso file. Download at www.wowebook.com ptg6432687 138 5 Installing a Guest Session on Hyper-V 3. Copy the Linux integration components to the virtual machine using the command similar to this: $ mkdir /opt/linux_ic $ cp /mnt/cdrom/* /opt/linux_ic -R 4. Install the hypercall adapter driver inside the virtual guest session. Run the follow- ing command: $ /opt/linux_ic/setup.pl x2v /boot/grub/menu.lst 5. Reboot the Linux guest session. 6. After the Linux guest session restarts, the network and storage drivers need to be installed. To install the drivers, run the following command: $ /opt/linux_ic/setup.pl drivers The installation of the guest operating system typically requires yet another reboot, and then the operating system will be installed and operational. Completing the Installation of the Linux-Based Guest Session (x64) The guest operating system installation process for an x64 system is slightly different because the x64 hypercall adapter needs to be patched, prepared, and then installed, requiring additional steps. At the end of the x64 operating system installation, the guest session restarts and brings the session to a logon prompt. Log on to the guest operating system and configure the guest operating system as you would any other server system. From a command prompt, mount the Linux integration components media to gain access to the files on the media to complete the installation of the files. The installation process is as follows: 1. Run the rpm command to install the kernel drivers. Check the actual name of the RPM file of the installation media you are using as the version will likely vary based on when you downloaded the Linux integration components. However, for this example, the RPM filename is kernel-xen-2.6.16.46-0.12.x86_64.rpm for the x64 version. Therefore, run the following command: $ rpm –ivh /mnt/cdrom/suse/i586/kernel-xen-2.6.16.46-0.12.x86_64.rpm 2. Dismount the Linux integration tools media and mount the LinuxIC.iso file. 3. Copy the Linux integration components to the virtual machine using the command similar to this: $ mkdir /opt/linux_ic $ cp /mnt/cdrom/* /opt/linux_ic -R 4. Install the Linux kernel source code by launching YaST (Control Center, Administrative Settings, Software Management). 5. In the Filter drop-down box, choose Package Groups. 6. Install the Development | Source | Kernel-Source package group. 7. Copy and apply the hypercall patch to the kernel source code by doing the following: $ cd /usr/src/linux-2.6.16.46-0.12 $ cp /opt/linux_ic/patch/x2v-x64-sles.patch Download at www.wowebook.com ptg6432687 139 Modifying Guest Session Configuration Settings 5 $ patch –l –p1 < x2v-x64-sles.patch $ cp /boot/config-2.6.16.46-0.12-xen ./.config $ make oldconfig $ make vmlinuz $ cp vmlinuz /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.46-0.12-xen 8. Install the x2v hypercall adapter by doing the following: $ cd /opt/linux_ic $ perl setup.pl x2v /boot/grub/menu.lst 9. Reboot the Linux guest session. 10. After the Linux guest session restarts, the network and storage drivers need to be installed. To install the drivers, run the following command: $ /opt/linux_ic/setup.pl drivers The installation of the guest operating system typically requires yet another reboot, and then the operating system will be installed and operational. Modifying Guest Session Configuration Settings After a guest session has been installed, whether it is a Microsoft Windows server guest session, a Microsoft Windows client guest session, or a guest session running a non- Windows operating system, the host configuration settings for the guest session can be changed. Common changes to a guest session include things such as the following: . Adding or limiting the RAM of the guest session . Changing network settings of the guest session . Mounting a CD/DVD image or mounting a physical CD/DVD disc Adding or Limiting the RAM of the Guest Session A common configuration change that is made for a guest session is to increase or decrease the amount of memory allocated to the guest session. The default memory allo- cated to the system frequently is fine for a basic system configuration; however, with the addition of applications to the guest session, there might be a need to increase the memory. As long as the host server system has enough memory to allocate additional memory to the guest session, adding memory to a guest session is a simple task. To add memory to the guest session, do the following: 1. From the Server Manager console or from the Virtualization MMC snap-in, click to select the guest session for which you want to change the allocated memory. 2. Right-click the guest session name, and choose Settings. 3. Click Memory and enter in the amount of RAM you want allocated for this guest session (in megabytes). 4. Click OK when you have finished. Download at www.wowebook.com . components include synthetic controller support for network adapters and storage adapters optimized specifically for Hyper -V. These special drivers take advantage of the VMBus in Hyper -V that. /usr/src/linux-2.6 .16. 4 6-0 .12 $ cp /opt/linux_ic/patch/x 2v- x64-sles.patch Download at www.wowebook.com ptg6432687 139 Modifying Guest Session Configuration Settings 5 $ patch –l p1 < x 2v- x64-sles.patch. sessions. Assuming you have a Windows 2008 server with the Hyper -V installed and running, the Linux-based guest operating system installation follows a structured step-by-step installa- tion procedure. The